Complications in the multiple-ligament-injured knee

Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 302-311

  Tom, James A ^a   Miller, Mark D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Complications; Dislocation; Knee; Ligament; Reconstruction

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; INDOMETACIN;

BLOOD VESSEL INJURY; BONE INJURY; BONE NECROSIS; COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISEASE SEVERITY; EVALUATION; FEMUR CONDYLE; FEMUR FRACTURE; FUNCTIONAL DISEASE; HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION; HUMAN; IATROGENIC DISEASE; JOINT CONTRACTURE; JOINT INJURY; KNEE DISLOCATION; KNEE INSTABILITY; KNEE LIGAMENT INJURY; KNEE PAIN; LIGAMENT SURGERY; PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY; POSTOPERATIVE THROMBOSIS; PREOPERATIVE CARE; REVIEW; SCIATIC NERVE; SOFT TISSUE INJURY; SPORT INJURY; TREATMENT PLANNING; WOUND INFECTION;

EID: 0142010652     PISSN: 10601872     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1060-1872(03)00038-8     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Cole BJ, Harner CD: The multiple ligament injured knee. Clin Sports Med 18:241-262, 1999
2. DeCoster TA: High-energy dislocations, in Schenck RC Jr (ed): Multiple Ligamentous Injuries of the Knee in the Athlete. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2002, pp 23-29
3. Fanelli GC: Posterior cruciate ligament injuries in trauma patients. Arthroscopy 9:291-294, 1993
4. Fanelli GC, Edson CJ: Posterior cruciate ligament injuries in trauma patients: Part II. Arthroscopy 11:526-529, 1995
5. Fanelli GC: Complications of multiple ligamentous injuries, in Schenck RC Jr (ed): Multiple Ligamentous Injuries of the Knee in the Athlete. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2002, pp 101-107
6. Ferrari JD: Associated injuries, in Schenck RC Jr (ed): Multiple Ligamentous Injuries of the Knee in the Athlete. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2002, pp 31-41
7. Hegyes MS, Richardson MW, Miller MD: Knee dislocation: complications of nonoperative and operative management. Clin Sports Med 19:519-543, 2000
8. Laasonen EM, Kivioja A: Delayed diagnosis of extremity injuries in patients with multiple injuries. J Trauma 31:257-260, 1991
9. Marin EL, Bifulco SS, Fast A: Obesity: A risk factor for knee dislocation. Am J Phys Med Rehab 69:132-134, 1990
10. Shelbourne KD, Porter DA, Clingman JA, et al: Low velocity knee dislocation. Orthop Rev 20:995-1004, 1991
11. Potter HG: Imaging of the multiple-ligament-injured knee. Clin Sports Med 19:425-441, 2000
12. Almekinders LC, Logan TC: Results following treatment of traumatic knee dislocations of the knee joint. Orthop Clin North Am 284:203-207, 1992
13. Fabian TC, Turkelson ML, Connelly TL, et al: Injury to the popliteal artery. Am J Surg 143:225-228, 1982
14. Frassica FJ, Sim FH, Staeheli JW, et al: Dislocation of the knee. Orthop Clin North Am 263:200-205, 1991
15. Green NE, Allen BL: Vascular injuries associated with dislocation of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 59:236-239, 1977
16. Hoover NW: Injuries of the popliteal artery associated with fractures and dislocations. Surg Clin North Am 41:1099-1112, 1961
17. Jones RE, Smith EC, Bone GE: Vascular and orthopedic complication of knee dislocation. Surg Gyn Obs 149:554-558, 1979
18. Kendall RW, Taylor DC, Salvian AJ, et al: The role of arteriography in assessing vascular injuries associated with dislocations of the knee. J Trauma 35:875-878, 1993
19. Meyers M, Harvey JP: Traumatic dislocation of the knee joint: A study of eighteen cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 53:16-29, 1971
20. O'Donnell TF, Brewster DC, Darling RC, et al: Arterial injuries associated with fractures and/or dislocations of the knee. J Trauma 17:775-783, 1977
21. Ottolenghi CE: Vascular complications in injuries about the knee joint. Clin Orthop 165:148-156, 1982
22. Ottolenghi CE, Traversa CH: Vascular and nerve complications in injuries of the knee. Joint Reconstr Surg Traumatol 14:114-116, 1974
23. Roman PD, Hopson CN, Zenni EJ: Traumatic dislocation of the knee: A report of 30 cases and literature review. Orthop Rev 16:917-924, 1987
24. Sisto DJ, Warren RF: Complete knee dislocation: A follow-up study of operative treatment. Orthop Clin North Am 198:94-101, 1985
25. Taylor AR, Arden GP, Rainey HA: Traumatic dislocation of the knee: A report of forty-three cases with special reference to conservative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Br 54:96-102, 1972
26. Wright DG, Covey DC, Born CI, et al: Open dislocation of the knee. J Orthop Trauma 9:135-140, 1995
27. Good L, Johnson RJ: The dislocated knee. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 3:284-292, 1995
28. Schenck RC Jr: The dislocated knee, in Davis B (ed): Instructional Course Lectures 43. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1994, pp 127-136
29. Wascher DC: High-velocity knee dislocation with vascular injury: Treatment principles. Clin Sports Med 19:457-478, 2000
30. Cone JB: Vascular injury associated with fracture-dislocations of the lower extremity. Clin Orthop 243:30-35, 1989
31. Eger M, Huler T, Hirsh M: Popliteal artery occlusion associated with dislocation of the knee joint. Br J Surg 57:315-317, 1970
32. Merrill KD: Knee dislocation with vascular injuries. Orthop Clin North Am 25:707-713, 1994
33. Chan RNW, Ainscow D, Sikorski JM: Diagnostic failures in the multiple injured. J Trauma 20:684-687, 1980
34. McCutchan JD, Gillham JP Jr: Injury of the popliteal artery associated with dislocation of the knee: Palpable pulses do not negate the requirement for arteriography. Injury 20:307-310, 1989
35. Kennedy JC: Complete dislocation of the knee joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am 45:889-904, 1963
36. Meyers MH, Moore TM, Harvey JP Jr: Traumatic dislocation of the knee joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am 57:430-433, 1975
37. Reckling FW, Peltier LF: Acute knee dislocations and their complications. J Trauma 9:181-191, 1969
38. Wascher DC, Dvirnak PC, DeCoster TA: Knee dislocation: Initial assessment and implications of treatment. J Orthop Trauma 11:525-529, 1997
39. White J: The results of traction injuries to the common peroneal nerve. J Bone Joint Surg Br 50:346-350, 1968
40. Wood MB: Peroneal nerve repair: Surgical results. Clin Orthop 267: 206-210, 1991
41. Tomaino M, Day C, Papageorgiou C, et al: Peroneal nerve palsy following knee dislocation: Pathoanatomy and implications for treatment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 8:163-165, 2000
42. Shields L, Mital M, Cave EF: Complete dislocation of the knee: Experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital. J Trauma 9:192-215, 1969
43. Moore TM: Fracture-dislocation of the knee. Clin Orthop 156:128-140, 1981
44. Fallon P, Noorshina SV, Bell D, et al: Delayed presentation: Dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint after knee dislocation. J Orthop Trauma 8:350-353, 1994
45. Ogden JA: Subluxation and dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am 55:177-178, 1973
46. Shelbourne KD, Pierce RO, Ritter MA: Superior dislocation of the fibular head associated with a tibia fracture. Clin Orthop 160:172-174, 1981
47. Welling RE, Kakkassesil J, Cranley JJ: Complete dislocation of the knee with popliteal vascular injury. J Trauma 21:450-453, 1981
48. Alberty RE, Goodfried G: Popliteal artery injury with fracture-dislocation of the knee. Am J Surg 142:36-40, 1981
49. Fanelli GC, Giannotti BF, Edson CJ: Arthroscopically assisted combined anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 12:5-14, 1996.
50. Fanelli GC, Giannotti BF, Edson CJ: Arthroscopically assisted combined posterior cruciate ligament/posterior lateral complex reconstruction. Arthroscopy 12:521-530, 1996
51. Jackson DW, Proctor CS, Simon TM: Arthroscopic assisted PCL reconstruction: A technical note on potential neurovascular injury related to drill bit configuration. Arthroscopy 9:224-227, 1993
52. Fanelli GC, Giannotti BF, Edson CJ: The posterior cruciate ligament arthroscopic evaluation and treatment. Arthroscopy 10:673-688, 1994
53. Miller MD, Gordon WT: Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Tibial inlay technique: Principles and procedure. Oper Tech Sports Med 7:127-133, 1999
54. Poehling GG, Pollock FE Jr, Korman LA: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the knee after sensory nerve injury. Arthroscopy 4:31-35, 1988
55. Wascher DC, Becker JR, Dexter JG, et al: Reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments after knee dislocation. Am J Sports Med 27:189-196, 1999
56. Zazanis GA, Kummell BM: Preservation of infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve during knee surgery. Orthop Rev 3:43-45, 1974
57. Amendola A, Faber K, Willits K, et al: Compartment pressure monitoring during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 15:607-612, 1999
58. Graf B, Uhr F: Complications of intra-articular anterior cruciate reconstruction. Clin Sports Med 7:835-848, 1988
59. Marti CB, Jakob RP: Accumulation of irrigation fluid in the calf as a complication during high tibial osteotomy combined with simultaneous arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 15:864-866, 1999
60. Noyes FR, Spievack ES: Extraarticular fluid dissection in tissues during arthroscopy: A report of clinical cases and a study of intraarticular and thigh pressure in cadavers. Am J Sports Med 10:346-351, 1982
61. Peck RD, Haynes DW: Compartment syndrome as a complication of arthroscopy: A case report of interstitial pressures. Am J Sports Med 12:464-468, 1984
62. Bruner JM: Safety factors in the use of pneumatic tourniquets for hemostasis in surgery of the hand. J Bone Joint Surg Am 33:221-229, 1951
63. Klenerman L, Hulands GH: Tourniquet pressures for lower extremities. J Bone Joint Surg Br 61:124, 1979
64. Saunders KC, Louis DL, Weigarden SI, et al: Effect of tourniquet on quadriceps function. Clin Orthop 143:194-199, 1979
65. Moore MR, Garfin SR, Hargens AR: Wide tourniquets eliminate blood flow at low infiltration pressures. J Hand Surg 12:1006-1011, 1987
66. Rorabeck CH, Kennedy JC: Tourniquet induced nerve ischemia complicating knee ligament surgery. Am J Sports Med 8:98-102, 1980
67. Rorabeck CH: Tourniquet-induced nerve ischemia: An experimental investigation. J Trauma 20:280-286, 1980
68. Klenerman L, Biswas M, Hulands GH, et al: Systemic and local effects of the application of a tourniquet. J Bone Joint Surg Br 62:385-388, 1980
69. Patterson S, Klenerman L: The effect of pneumatic tourniquets on the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle. J Bone Joint Surg Br 61:178-183, 1979
70. Hughston J: Complications of anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Orthop Clin North Am 16:237-245, 1985
71. Paulos LE, Wnorowksi DC, Beck CL: Rehabilitation following knee surgery: Recommendations. Sports Med 11:257-275, 1991
72. Athanasian EA, Wickiewicz TL, Warren RF: Osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle after arthroscopic reconstruction of a cruciate ligament: Report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 77:1418-1422, 1995
73. Reddy AS, Frederick RW: Evaluation of the intraosseous and extraosseous blood supply to the distal femoral condyles. Am J Sports Med 26:415-419, 1998
74. Patton WC, Tew WM: Periarticular heterotopic ossification after multiple knee ligament reconstructions: A report of three cases. Am J Sports Med 28:398-401, 2000
75. Shapiro MS, Freedman EL: Allograft reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments after traumatic knee dislocation. Am J Sports Med 23:580-587, 1995
76. Stannard JP, Wilson TC, Sheils TM, et al: Heterotopic ossification associated with knee dislocation. Arthroscopy 18:835-839, 2002
77. Cosgarea AJ, DeHaven KE, Lovelock JE: The surgical treatment of arthrofibrosis at the knee. Am J Sports Med 22:184-191, 1994
78. Irrgang JJ, Harner CD: Loss of motion following knee ligament reconstruction. Sports Med 19:150-159, 1995
79. Irrgang JJ, Fitzgerald GK: Rehabilitation of the multiple-ligament-injured knee. Clin Sports Med 19:545-571, 2000
80. Harner CD, Irrgang JJ, Dearwater PJ, et al: Loss of motion after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 20:499-506, 1992
81. DeLee JC: Complications of arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery: Results of a national survey. Arthroscopy 1:214-220, 1985
82. Fu FH, Irrgang JJ, Sawhaney R, et al: Loss of knee motion following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 18:557-562, 1990
83. Shelbourne KD, Wilckens JH, Mollabashy A, et al: Arthrofibrosis in acute anterior cruciate reconstruction: The effect of timing of reconstruction and rehabilitation. Am J Sports Med 19:332-336, 1991
84. Sprague NF, O'Connor RL, Fox JM: Arthroscopic treatment of postoperative knee arthrofibrosis. Clin Orthop 166:165-172, 1982
85. Paulos LE, Rosenberg TD, Drawbert J, et al: Infrapatellar contracture syndrome: An unrecognized cause of knee stiffness with patella entrapment and patella infera. Am J Sports Med 15:331-341, 1987
86. Marks PH, Harner CD: The anterior cruciate ligament in the multiple ligament-injured knee. Clin Sports Med 12:825-838, 1993
87. Lindenfeld TN, Bach JR, Wojtys EM: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy and pain dysfunction syndrome in the lower extremity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 78:1936-1944, 1996
88. Tietjen R: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the knee. Clin Orthop 209:234-243, 1986
89. Thomas P, Rud B, Jensen U: Stability and motion after traumatic dislocation of the knee. Acta Orthop Scand 55:278-283, 1984
90. Burns WC II, Draganich LF, Pyevich M, et al: The effect of femoral tunnel position and graft tensioning technique on posterior laxity of the posterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee. Am J Sports Med 23:424-430, 1995
91. Klimkiewicz JJ, Petrie RS, Harner CD: Surgical treatment of combined injury to anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and medial structures. Clin Sports Med 19:479-492, 2000