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0141928502
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note
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See Supporting Information for experimental details.
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14
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0141963020
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note
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Preliminary experiments indicate that for prokaryotic cell cultures (E. coli), compounds 1-4 all show highly efficient cellular uptake.
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15
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0141997668
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note
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Similar results are observed for fluorescein-labeled conjugates.
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16
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0036727794
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A recent report describes the incorporation of aminoglycoside-cholesterol conjugates into liposomal phospholipid complexes capable of delivering DNA into cells. Guanidinylation of a kanamycin A-cholesterol conjugate actually decreases its efficiency as a delivery agent. See: Belmont, P.; Aissaoui, A.; Hauchecome, M.; Oudrhiri, N.; Petit, L.; Vigneron, J. P.; Lehn, J. M.; Lehn, P. J. Gene Med. 2002, 4, 517-526. Our preliminary results indicate that a minimum of five guanidinium groups is needed to stimulate efficient cellular uptake (kanamycin A has four amines).
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J. Gene Med.
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Belmont, P.1
Aissaoui, A.2
Hauchecome, M.3
Oudrhiri, N.4
Petit, L.5
Vigneron, J.P.6
Lehn, J.M.7
Lehn, P.8
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17
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0033794501
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Mitchell, D. J.; Kim, D. T.; Steinman, L.; Fathman, C. G.; Rothbard, J. B. J. Pept. Res. 2000, 56, 318-325.
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Mitchell, D.J.1
Kim, D.T.2
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Rothbard, J.B.5
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0036894202
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Uemura, S.; Rothbard, J. B.; Matsushita, H.; Tsao, P. S.; Fathman, C. G. ; Cooke, J. P. Circ. J. 2002, 66, 1155-1160.
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Fathman, C.G.5
Cooke, J.P.6
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19
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0037119348
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Contrary to experiments conducted with peptide conjugates of small organic fluorophores, a recent paper reports that poly-Lys protein conjugates mediate transduction at the same or even higher levels than poly-Arg. See: Mai, J. C.; Hongmei, S.; Watkins, S. C.; Cheng, T.; Robbins, P. D. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 30208-30218.
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Mai, J.C.1
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Watkins, S.C.3
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Robbins, P.D.5
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20
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0035863391
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For peptides, secondary structure formation can increase transport efficiencies. See: Ho, A.; Schwarze, S. R.; Mermelstein, S. J.; Waksman, G.; Dowdy, S. F. Cancer Res. 2001, 61, 474-477.
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Ho, A.1
Schwarze, S.R.2
Mermelstein, S.J.3
Waksman, G.4
Dowdy, S.F.5
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21
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0141997665
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note
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Treatment of guanidinoglycoside-containing cells with propidium iodide (a common viability test) indicates that the cells used for these experiments have intact membranes.
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22
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0141997666
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note
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Microscopy experiments suggest that trypsin-mediated cleavage prior to FACS analysis does not affect the cellular localization, or the relative uptake efficiencies of these compounds (Figure 3 and Figure S1).
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23
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0141963019
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note
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Previous studies have shown that peptidomimetics based upon neomycin-arginine conjugates also show efficient cellular uptake. This type of modification doubles the total number of basic groups and results in compounds possessing an equal number of amide, amine, and guanidine functionalities. The results presented here represent a direct comparison of purely amino-versus guanidino-containing glycosides.
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24
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10844257238
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For potential commercial applications, see: Bonetta, L. The Scientist 2002, 16, 38-40.
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The Scientist
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Bonetta, L.1
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