Why do computer methods for grounding analysis produce anomalous results?

IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 1192-1202

  Navarrina, Fermín ^a   Colominas, Ignasi ^a   Casteleiro, Manuel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF A CORUÑA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Anomalous results; Average potential method; Boundary element methods; Boundary integral equations; Computer methods for grounding analysis; Convergence of numerical methods; Fault currents; Grounding; Power system protection

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD; COMPUTATIONAL METHODS; CONVERGENCE OF NUMERICAL METHODS; ELECTRIC FAULT CURRENTS; ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION; INTEGRAL EQUATIONS;

AVERAGE POTENTIAL METHOD; BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION; COMPUTER METHODS;

ELECTRIC GROUNDING;

EID: 0141917751     PISSN: 08858977     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.817499     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. J. G. Sverak, W. K. Dick, T. H. Dodds, and R. H. Heppe, "Safe substation grounding," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., pt. I, vol. 100, pp. 4281-4290, Sept. 1981.
2. "ANSI/IEEE Std.80-2000," in IEEE Guide for Safety AC Substation Grounding. New York, USA: IEEE, 1986.
3. J. G. Sverak, "Progress in step and touch voltage equations of ANSI/IEEE Std 80. Historical perspective," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, pp. 762-767, July 1998.
4. R. J. Heppe, "Computation of potential at surface above an energized grid or other electrode, allowing for nonuniform current distribution," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. 98, pp. 1978-1988, Nov./Dec. 1979.
5. D. L. Garrett and J. G. Pruitt, "Problems encountered with the average potential method of analyzing substation grounding systems," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. 104, pp. 3586-3596, Dec. 1985.
6. B. Thapar, V. Gerez, A. Balakrishnan, and D. A. Blank, "Simplified equations for mesh and step voltages in AC substation," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 6, pp. 601-607, Apr. 1991.
7. E. Durand, Électrostatique. Paris, France: Masson, 1966.
8. O. D. Kellog, Foundations of Potential Theory. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1967.
9. P. P. Silvester and R. L. Ferrari, Finite Elements for Electrical Engineers. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996.
10. F. Navarrina, I. Colominas, and M. Casteleiro, "Analytical integration techniques for earthing grid computation by BEM," in Numerical Methods in Engineering and Applied Sciences, H. Alder, J. C. Heinrich, S. Lavanchy, E. Oñate, and B. Suárez, Eds. Barcelona, Spain: CIMNE Pub., 1992, pp. 1197-1206.
11. I. Colominas, "A CAD System for Grounding Grids in Electrical Installations: A Numerical Approach Based on the Boundary Element Integral Method," Ph.D. Dissertation (in Spanish), Universidad de a Coruña, Spain, 1995.
12. I. Colominas, F. Navarrina, and M. Casteleiro, "A boundary element numerical approach for grounding grid computation," Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., vol. 174, pp. 73-90, 1999.
13. F. P. Dawalibi and D. Mudhekar, "Optimum design of substation grounding in a two-layer earth structure," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. 94, pp. 252-272, Mar./Apr. 1975.
14. H. S. Lee, J. H. Kim, F. P. Dawalibi, and J. Ma, "Efficient ground designs in layered soils," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, pp. 745-751, July 1998.
15. E. D. Sunde, Earth Conduction Effects in Transmission Systems. New York: Macmillan, 1968.
16. F. Navarrina, L. Moreno, E. Bendito, A. Encinas, A. Ledesma, and M. Casteleiro, "Computer aided design of grounding grids: a boundary element approach," in Mathematics in Industry, M. Heiliö, Ed. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 1991, pp. 307-314.
17. I. Stakgold, Boundary Value Problems of Mathematical Physics. New York: Macmillan, 1970.
18. I. Colominas, F. Navarrina, and M. Casteleiro, "A validation of the boundary element method for grounding grid design and computation," in Numerical Methods in Engineering and Applied Sciences, H. Alder, J. C. Heinrich, S. Lavanchy, E. Oñate, and B. Suárez, Eds. Barcelona, Spain: CIMNE Pub., 1992, pp. 1187-1196.
19. C. Johnson, Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations by the Finite Element Method. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987.
20. T. J. R. Hughes, The Finite Element Method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1987.
21. A. N. Kolmogorov and S. V. Fomin, Introductory Real Analysis. New York: Dover, 1975.
22. G. Pini and G. Gambolati, "Is a simple diagonal scaling the best preconditioner for conjugate gradients on supercomputers?," Advances on Water Resources, vol. 13, pp. 147-153, 1990.
23. I. Colominas, F. Navarrina, G. Mosqueira, J. M. Eiroa, and M. Casteleiro, "Numerical modeling of grounding systems in high-performance parallel computers," in Boundary Elements XXII, C. A. Brebbia and H. Power, Eds. Southampton, U.K.: WIT Press, 2000.
24. I. Colominas, F. Navarrina, and M. Casteleiro, "A boundary element formulation for the substation grounding design," Adv. Eng. Softw., vol. 30, pp. 693-700, 1999.
25. I. Colominas, J. Gómez Calviño, F. Navarrina, and M. Casteleiro, "Computer analysis of earthing systems in horizontally or vertically layered soils," Electric Power Syst. Res., vol. 59, pp. 149-156, 2001.
26. I. Colominas, F. Navarrina, and M. Casteleiro, "A numerical formulation for grounding analysis in stratified soils," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 17, pp. 587-595, Apr. 2002.
27. M. Bonnet, Boundary Integral Equation Methods for Solids and Fluids. New York: Wiley, 1995.
28. J. G. Sverak, W. K. Dick, T. H. Dodds, and R. H. Heppe, "Safe substation grounding," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., pt. II, vol. 101, pp. 4006-4023, Oct., 1982.