Dolomitization and recrystallization of middle Silurian reefs and platformal carbonates of the Guelph Formation, Michigan Basin, southwestern Ontario

Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 177-199

  Coniglio, Mario ^a   Zheng, Qing ^b   Carter, Terry R ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b Leling Phoenix Brake Canada Inc   (Canada)

^c ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBONATES; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; CRYSTALLIZATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROLOGY; LITHOLOGY; PETROGRAPHY; ROCKS; STRATIGRAPHY;

FLUID-ROCK INTERACTIONS;

REEFS;

BURIAL DIAGENESIS; CARBONATE; DOLOMITE; DOLOMITIZATION; PETROGRAPHY; RECRYSTALLIZATION; SILURIAN;

CANADA; MICHIGAN BASIN; ONTARIO;

EID: 0141855184     PISSN: 00074802     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/51.2.177     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Al-Aasm, I.S. and Lu. F. 1994. Multistage dolomitization of the Mississippian Turner Valley Formation, Quirk Creek field, Alberta: chemical and petrological evidence. In: Pangea: Global environment and resources. D.J. Glass, B. Beauchamp and A.F. Embry (eds.). Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 17, p. 657-675.
2. Al-Aasm and Packard, J.J. 2000. Stabilization of early-formed dolomite: a tale of divergence from two Mississippian dolomites. Sedimentary Geology, v. 131, p. 97-108.
3. Allan, J.R. and Wiggins, W.D. 1993. Dolomite reservoirs: geochemical techniques for evaluating origin and distribution. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Continuing Education Course Note Series 36, 129p.
4. Amthor, J.E., Mountjoy, E.W. and Machel, H.G. 1993. Subsurface dolomites in Upper Devonian Leduc Formation buildups, central part of Rimbey-Meadowbrook reef trend, Alberta, Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 41, p. 164-185.
5. Armstrong, D.K., Goodman, W.R. and Coniglio, M. 2002. Stratigraphy and depositional environments of Niagaran carbonates, Bruce Peninsula, Ontario. Guidebook for the 2002 Ontario Petroleum Institute Fall Field Trip, September 20-22, 2002, London, Ontario, 56p.
6. Azmy, K., Veizer, J., Bassett, M.G. and Copper, P. 1998. Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Silurian brachiopods: Implications for coeval seawater and glaciations. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, p. 1499-1512.
7. Azmy, K., Veizer, J., Wenzel, B., Bassett, M.G. and Copper, P. 1999. Silurian strontium isotope stratigraphy. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, p. 475-483.
8. Bailey, S.M.B. 1986. A new look at the development, configuration and trapping mechanisms of the Silurian Guelph reefs of southwestern Ontario. Ontario Petroleum Institute, 25th Annual Conference. Technical Paper 14, 28p.
9. Bailey, S.M.B. and Cochrane. R.O. 1990. Geology of selected oil and gas pools in the Silurian carbonates of southern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey. Open File Report 5722, 50p., 35 maps.
10. Banner, J.L. 1995. Application ofthe trace element and isotope geochemistry of strontium to studies of carbonate diagenesis. Sedimentology, v. 42, p. 805-824.
11. Barnaby, R.J. and Read, J.F. 1992. Dolomitization of a carbonate platform during late burial: Lower to Middle Cambrian Shady Dolomite, Virginia Appalachians. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 62, p. 1023-1043.
12. Budd, D.A. 1997. Cenozoic dolomites of carbonate islands: their attributes and origin. Earth-Science Reviews, v. 42, p. 1-47.
13. Carter, T.R. 1991. Dolomitization patterns in the Salina A-1 and A-2 Carbonate units. Sombra Township, Ontario, Ontario Petroleum Institute, 30th Annual Conference Proceedings, v. 30, Technical Paper 4, 35p.
14. Carter, T.R., Trevail, R.A. and Smith, L. 1994. Core workshop: Niagaran reef and inter-reef relationships in the subsurface of southwestern Ontario. Geological Association of Canada, Mineralogical Association of Canada, Joint Annual Meeting, Waterloo 1994, Field Trip A5, Guidebook, 38p.
15. Cercone, K.R. 1984a. Diagenesis of Niagaran (Middle Silurian) pinnacle reefs, northwest Michigan. Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, 367p.
16. Cercone, K.R. 1984b. Thermal history of Michigan Basin. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 68, p. 1617-1620.
17. Cercone, K.R. 1988. Evaporative sea-level drawdown in the Silurian Michigan Basin. Geology, v. 16, p. 387-390.
18. Cercone, K.R. and Lohmann, K.C. 1985. Early diagenesis of Middle Silurian pinnacle reefs, Northern Michigan. In: Ordovician and Silurian rocks of the Michigan Basin and its margins. K.R. Cercone and J.M. Budai (eds.). Michigan Basin Geological Society, Special Paper 4, p. 109-130.
19. Cercone, K.R. and Lohmann, K.C. 1987. Late burial diagenesis of Niagaran (Middle Silurian) pinnacle reefs in Michigan Basin. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 71, p. 156-166.
20. Charbonneau, S.L. 1990. Subaerial exposure and meteoric diagenesis in Middle Silurian Guelph Formation (Niagaran) pinnacle reef bioherms of the Michigan Basin, southwestern Ontario. M.Sc. thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, 215p.
21. Choquette, P.W. and James, N.P. 1990. Limestones - the burial diagenetic environment. In: Diagenesis. I.A. McIlreath and D.W. Morrow (eds.). Geoscience Canada Reprint Series 4, p. 75-111.
22. Coniglio, M., Sherlock, R., Williams-Jones, A.E., Middleton, K. and Frape, S.K. 1994. Burial and hydrothermal diagenesis of Ordovician carbonates from the Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada. In: Dolomites - A volume in honour of Dolomieu, B. Purser, M. Tucker and D. Zenger (eds.). International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 21, p. 231-254.
23. Dorobek, S.L., Smith, T.M. and Whitsitt, P.M. 1993. Microfabrics and geochemistry of meteorically altered dolomite in Devonian and Mississippian carbonates, Montana and Idaho. In: Carbonate Microfabrics. R. Rezak and D.L. Lavoie (eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 205-225.
24. Droste, J.B. and Shaver, R.H. 1983. Atlas of early and middle Paleozoic paleogeography of the southern Great Lakes area. Indiana Geological Survey, Special Report 32, 32p.
25. Droste, J.B. and Shaver, R.H. 1985. Comparative stratigraphic framework for Silurian reefs -Michigan Basin to surrounding platforms. In: Ordovician and Silurian rocks of the Michigan Basin and its margins. K.R. Cercone and J.M. Budai (eds.). Michigan Basin Geological Society, Special Paper 4, p. 73-93.
26. Easton, R.M. and Carter, T.R. 1994. Basement geology and the Precambrian-Paleozoic unconformity in southern Ontario. Geological Association of Canada - Mineralogical Association of Canada Joint Annual Meeting, Waterloo 1994, Field Trip B1 Guidebook, 69p.
27. Friedman, G.M. and Kopaska-Merkel, D.C. 1991. Late Silurian pinnacle reefs of the Michigan Basin. In: Early sedimentary evolution of the Michigan Basin. P.A. Catacosinos and P.A. Daniels, Jr. (eds.). Geological Society of America, Special Paper 256, p. 89-100.
28. Frizzell, R. 2002. Laminite deposition during the carbonate-evaporite transition in the Middle to Late Silurian Michigan Basin. M.Sc. thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, 89p.
29. Gao, G., Land, L.S. and Elmore, R.D. 1995. Multiple episodes of dolomitization in the Arbuckle Group, Arbuckle Mountains, south-central Oklahoma: field, petrographic, and geochemical evidence. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. A65, p. 321-331.
30. Gill, D. 1977. The Belle River Mills Gas Field: productive Niagaran reefs encased by sabkha deposits, Michigan Basin. Michigan Basin Geological Society, Special Paper 2, 187p.
31. Gregg, J.M., Shelton, K.L., Johnson, A.W., Somerville, I.D. and Wright, W.R. 2001. Dolomitization of the Waulsortian Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) in the Irish Midlands. Sedimentology, v. 48, p. 745-766.
32. Grimes, D.J. 1987. Depositional models, subaerial facies, and diagenetic histories of the Rosedale and Fletcher reefs, southwestern Ontario. M.Sc. thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, 120p.
33. Hardie, L.A. 1987. Dolomitization: a critical view of some current views. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 57, p. 166-183.
34. Huh, J.M., Briggs, L.I. and Gill, D. 1977. Depositional environments of pinnacle reefs, Niagara and Salina groups, northern shelf, Michigan Basin. In: Reefs and Evaporites. J.H. Fisher (ed.). AAPG Studies in Geology 5, p. 1-21.
35. Irwin, H., Curtis, C. and Coleman, M. 1977. Isotopic evidence for source of diagenetic carbonates formed during burial of organic-rich sediments. Nature, v. 269, p, 209-213.
36. Jodry, R.L. 1969. Growth and dolomitization of Silurian Reefs, St. Clair County, Michigan. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 52, p. 957-981.
37. Jones, G.D. and Rostron, B.J. 2000. Analysis of fluid flow constraints in regional-scale reflux dolomitization: constant versus variable-flux hydrogeological models. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 48, p. 230-245.
38. Kendall, A.C. 1989. Brine mixing in the Middle Devonian of western Canada and its possible significance to regional dolomitization. Sedimentary Geology, v. 64, p. 271-285.
39. Koepke, W.E. and Sanford, B.V. 1966. The Silurian oil and gas fields of southern Ontario. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 65-30, 137p.
40. Kupecz, J.A., Montanez, I.P. and Gao, G. 1993. Recrystallization with time. In: Carbonate microfabrics. R. Rezak and D.L. Lavoie (eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 256-267.
41. Kyser, T.K., James, N.P. and Bone, Y. 2002. Shallow burial dolomitization and dedolomitization of Cenozoic cool-water limestones, southern Australia: geochemistry and origin. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 72, p. 146-157.
42. Land, L.S. 1980. The isotopic and trace element geochemistry of dolomite: the state of the art. In: Concepts and models of dolomitization. D.H. Zenger, J.B. Dunham and R.L. Ethington (eds.). Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 28, p. 87-110.
43. Land, L.S. 1985. The origin of massive dolomite. Journal of Geological Education, v. 33, p. 112-125.
44. Land, L.S. and Hoops, G.K. 1973. Sodium in carbonate sediments and rocks: A possible index to the salinity of diagenetic solutions. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 43, p. 614-617.
45. Lednicky, S. T. 1988. Textures and porosity of a Middle Silurian dolomitized pinnacle reef, East Petrolia Field, southwestern Ontario. B.Sc. thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, 57p.
46. Lohmann, K.C. 1988. Geochemical patterns of meteoric diagenetic systems and their application to studies of paleokarst. In: Paleokarst. N.P. James and P.W. Choquette (eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 58-80.
47. Lumsden, D.N. and Caudle, G.C. 2001. Origin of massive dolostone: the Upper Knox model. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 71, p. 400-409.
48. Lu, F.H. and Meyers, W.J. 1998. Massive dolomitization of a late Miocene carbonate platform: a case of mixed evaporative brines with meteoric water, Nijar, Spain. Sedimentology, v. 45, p. 263-277.
49. Machel, H.G. 1997. Recrystallization versus neomorphism, and the concept of "significant recrystallization" in dolomite research. Sedimentary Geology, v. 113, p. 161-168.
50. Machel, H.G. 2000. Application of cathodoluminescence to carbonate diagenesis. In: Cathodoluminescence in geosciences. M. Pagel, V. Barbin, P. Blanc and D. Ohnenstetter (eds.). Springer, New York, p. 271-301.
51. Machel, H.G. and Mountjoy, E.W. 1986. Chemistry and environments dolomitization: a reappraisal. Earth-Science Reviews, v. 23, p. 175-222.
52. Machel, H.G. and Mountjoy, E.W. 1987. General constraints of extensive pervasive dolomitization and their application to the Devonian carbonates of western Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 35, p. 143-158.
53. Machel, H.G., Mountjoy, E.W. and Amthor, J.E. 1996. Mass balance and fluid flow constraints on regional-scale dolomitization, Late Devonian, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin - Discussion. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 44, p. 566-571.
54. Maiklem, W.R. 1971. Evaporative drawdown - a mechanism for water-level lowering and diagenesis in the Elk Point Basin. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 19, p. 487-503.
55. Mazzullo, S.J. 1992. Geochemical and neomorphic alteration of dolomite: a review. Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 7, p. 21-37.
56. Morrow, D.W. 1990. Dolomite - Part 2: Dolomitization models and ancient dolostones. In: Diagenesis. I.A. McIlreath and D.W. Morrow (eds.). Geoscience Canada Reprint Series 4, p. 125-139.
57. Mountjoy, E.W., Amthor, J. E. and Machel, H. G. 1994. Has burial dolomitization come of age? Some answers from the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. In: Dolomites - A volume in honour of Dolomieu, B. Purser, M. Tucker and D. Zenger (eds.). International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 21, p. 203-231.
58. Nielsen, P., Swennen, R. and Keppens, E. 1994. Multiple-step recrystallization within massive ancient dolomite units: an example from the Dinantian of Belgium. Sedimentology, v. 41, p, 567-584.
59. Obermajer, M., Fowler, MG., Snowdon, L.P. and Macqueen, R.W. 2000. Compositional variability of crude oils and source kerogen in the Silurian carbonate-evaporite sequences of the eastern Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 48, p. 307-322.
60. Pearson, E.M. 1980. Sedimentology and diagenesis of the Warwick Reef (Silurian), Lambton County, southwestern Ontario. M.Sc. thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, 302p.
61. Pope, M.C., Grotzinger, J.P. and Schreiber, B.C. 2000. Evaporitic subtidal stromatolites produced by in situ precipitation: textures, facies associations, and temporal significance. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 70, p. 1139-1151.
62. Powell, T.G., Macqueen, R.W., Barker, F.J. and Bree, D.G. 1984. Geochemical character and origin of Ontario oils. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 32, p. 299-312.
63. Qing, H. and Mountjoy, E.W. 1994. Formation of coarsely crystalline, hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs in the Presqu'ile Barrier, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 78, p. 55-77.
64. Qing, H., Bosence, D.W. and Rose, E.P.F. 2001. Dolomitization by penesaline sea water in Early Jurassic peritidal platform carbonates, Gibraltar, western Mediterranean. Sedimentology, v. 48, p. 153-163.
65. Robinson, P. 1980. Determination of calcium, magnesium, manganese, strontium, sodium and iron in the carbonate fraction of limestones and dolomites. Chemical Geology, v. 28, p. 135-146.
66. Sanford, B.V. 1969. Silurian of southwestern Ontario. Ontario Petroleum Institute, 8th Annual Conference Proceedings, v. 8, Technical Paper 5, 44p.
67. Sanford, B.V., Thompson, F.J. and Mcfall, G.H. 1985. Plate tectonics - a possible controlling mechanism in the development of hydrocarbon traps in southwestern Ontario. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 33, p. 52-71.
68. Sarg, J.F. 2001. The sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, and economic importance of evaporite-carbonate transitions: a review. Sedimentary Geology, v. 140, p. 9-42.
69. 18O depletion in marine anaerobic pore water. Geology, v. 19, p. 839-842.
70. Sears, S.O. and Lucia, F.J. 1979. Reef growth model for Silurian pinnacle reefs, northern Michigan reef trend. Geology, v. 7, p. 299-302.
71. Sears, S.O. and Lucia, F.J. 1980. Dolomitization of northern Michigan Niagara reefs by brine refluxion and freshwater/seawater mixing. In: Concepts and models of dolomitization. D.H. Zenger, J.B. Dunham and R.L. Ethington (eds.). Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 28, p. 215-236.
72. Sharma, G.D. 1966. Geology of Peters Reef, St. Clair County, Michigan. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 50, p. 327-350.
73. 16O ratios of total oxygen of carbonates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 29, p. 1347-1353.
74. Shaver, R.H. 1991. A history of study of Silurian reefs in the Michigan Basin environs. In: Early sedimentary evolution of the Michigan Basin. P.A. Catacosinos and P.A. Daniels, Jr. (eds.). Geological Society of America, Special Paper 256, p. 101-138.
75. Shields, M.J. and Brady, P.V. 1995. Mass balance and fluid flow constraints on regional-scale dolomitization, Late Devonian, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 43, p. 371-392.
76. Sibley, D.F. and Gregg, J.M. 1987. Classification of dolomite rock textures. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 57, p. 967-975.
77. Smith, L. 1990. Karst episodes during cyclic development of Silurian reef reservoirs, southwestern Ontario. In: Subsurface geology of southwestern Ontario; a core workshop. T.R. Carter (ed.). Ontario Petroleum Institute, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1990 Eastern Section Meeting, p. 69-88.
78. Smith, L., Charbonneau, S.L. and Grimes, D.J. 1993. Karst episodes and permeability development, Silurian reef reservoirs, southwestern Ontario. Ontario Geoscience Research Grant Program, Grant 295, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5850, 240p.
79. Sonnenfeld, P. and Al-Aasm, I. 1991. The Salina evaporites in the Michigan Basin. In: Early sedimentary evolution of the Michigan Basin. P.A. Catacosinos and P.A. Daniels, Jr. (eds.). Geological Society of America, Special Paper 256, p. 139-153.
80. Vacher, H.L. and Quinn, T.M. (eds.) 1997. Geology and hydrogeology of carbonate islands. Developments in Sedimentology 54, Elsevier, New York, 948p.
81. Van der Voo, R. 1988. Paleozoic paleogeography of North America, Gondwana, and intervening displaced terranes: comparison of paleomagnetism with paleoclimatology and biogeographical patterns. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 311-324.
82. Veizer, J. 1983. Chemical diagenesis of carbonates: theory and application of trace element technique. In: Stable Isotopes in Sedimentary Petrology. M.A. Arthur, T.F. Anderson, I.R Kaplan, J. Veizer and L.S. Land (eds.). Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Short Course 10, p. 3-1 to 3-100.
83. Vugrinovich, R.G. 1988. Shale compaction in the Michigan Basin: estimates of former depth of burial and implications for paleogeothermal gradients. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 36, p. 1-8.
84. Vugrinovich, R.G. 1989. Subsurface temperatures and surface heat flow in the Michigan Basin and their relationships to regional subsurface fluid movement. Marine and Petroleum Geology, v, 6, p. 60-70.
85. Warren, J. 1999. Evaporites - their evolution and economics. Blackwell Science, London, U.K., 438p.
86. Warren, J. 2000. Dolomite: occurrence, evolution and economically important associations. Earth-Science Reviews, v. 52, p. 1-81.
87. Winter, B.L., Johnson, C.M., Simo, J.A. and Valley, J.W. 1995. Paleozoic fluid history of the Michigan Basin: evidence from dolomite geochemistry in the Middle Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. A65, p. 306-320.
88. Zheng, Q. 1999. Carbonate diagenesis and porosity evolution in the Guelph Formation, southwestern Ontario. Ph.D. thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, 265p.