메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 333-343

Optimizing lithium treatment in bipolar disorder: A review of the literature and clinical recommendations

Author keywords

Atypical antipsychotics; Bipolar disorder; Carbamazepine; Divalproex; Lamotrigine; Lithium; Mood stabilizers; Rapid cycling

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMITRIPTYLINE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; DIAZEPAM; DICOUMAROL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FLUOXETINE; FOLIC ACID; ISOTRETINOIN; LAMOTRIGINE; LITHIUM; METRONIDAZOLE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OLANZAPINE; PHENOBARBITAL; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; VALPROATE SEMISODIUM; VITAMIN B GROUP; XANTHINE DERIVATIVE;

EID: 0141841802     PISSN: 15274160     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00131746-200309000-00002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0028238281 scopus 로고
    • Mortality in affective disorder
    • Sharma R, Markar HR. Mortality in affective disorder. J Affect Disord 1994;31:91-6.
    • (1994) J Affect Disord , vol.31 , pp. 91-96
    • Sharma, R.1    Markar, H.R.2
  • 2
    • 0030890187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. A meta-analysis
    • Harris EC, Barraclough B. Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. A meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 1997;170:205-28.
    • (1997) Br J Psychiatry , vol.170 , pp. 205-228
    • Harris, E.C.1    Barraclough, B.2
  • 4
    • 0019143717 scopus 로고
    • Morbidity risks of schizophrenia and affective disorders among first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression and surgical conditions
    • Tsuang MT, Winokur G, Crowe RR. Morbidity risks of schizophrenia and affective disorders among first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression and surgical conditions. Br J Psychiatry 1980;137:497-504.
    • (1980) Br J Psychiatry , vol.137 , pp. 497-504
    • Tsuang, M.T.1    Winokur, G.2    Crowe, R.R.3
  • 5
    • 0028281080 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of divalproex vs lithium and placebo in the treatment of mania
    • The Depakote Mania Study Group
    • Bowden CL, Brugger AM, Swann AC, et al. Efficacy of divalproex vs lithium and placebo in the treatment of mania. The Depakote Mania Study Group. JAMA 1994;271:918-24.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 918-924
    • Bowden, C.L.1    Brugger, A.M.2    Swann, A.C.3
  • 6
    • 0031012799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression during mania: Treatment response to lithium or divalproex
    • Swann AC, Bowden CL, Morris D, et al. Depression during mania: Treatment response to lithium or divalproex. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:37-42.
    • (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 37-42
    • Swann, A.C.1    Bowden, C.L.2    Morris, D.3
  • 7
    • 0036944249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the offspring of bipolar parents responsive and nonresponsive to lithium treatment
    • Duffy A, Alda M, Kutcher S, et al. A prospective study of the offspring of bipolar parents responsive and nonresponsive to lithium treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:1171-8.
    • (2002) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 1171-1178
    • Duffy, A.1    Alda, M.2    Kutcher, S.3
  • 8
    • 0037943840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic spectra of bipolar disorder in responders to lithium versus lamotrigine
    • Passmore MF, Garnham J, Duffy A, et al. Phenotypic spectra of bipolar disorder in responders to lithium versus lamotrigine. Bipolar Disord 2003;5:110-4.
    • (2003) Bipolar Disord , vol.5 , pp. 110-114
    • Passmore, M.F.1    Garnham, J.2    Duffy, A.3
  • 9
    • 0030666691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative prophylactic efficacy of lithium, carbamazepine, and the combination in bipolar disorder
    • Denicoff KD, Smith-Jackson EE, Disney ER, et al. Comparative prophylactic efficacy of lithium, carbamazepine, and the combination in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1997;58:470-8.
    • (1997) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.58 , pp. 470-478
    • Denicoff, K.D.1    Smith-Jackson, E.E.2    Disney, E.R.3
  • 10
    • 17544403029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders-a randomised study
    • Greil W, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Erazo N, et al. Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders-a randomised study. J Affect Disord 1997;43:151-61.
    • (1997) J Affect Disord , vol.43 , pp. 151-161
    • Greil, W.1    Ludwig-Mayerhofer, W.2    Erazo, N.3
  • 11
    • 0023790128 scopus 로고
    • Carbamazepine vs lithium in the treatment and prophylaxis of mania
    • Lusznat RM, Murphy DP, Nunn CM. Carbamazepine vs lithium in the treatment and prophylaxis of mania. Br J Psychiatry 1988;153:198-204.
    • (1988) Br J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 198-204
    • Lusznat, R.M.1    Murphy, D.P.2    Nunn, C.M.3
  • 12
    • 0026503621 scopus 로고
    • Carbamazepine versus lithium in the prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder
    • Coxhead N, Silverstone T, Cookson J. Carbamazepine versus lithium in the prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992;85:114-8.
    • (1992) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.85 , pp. 114-118
    • Coxhead, N.1    Silverstone, T.2    Cookson, J.3
  • 13
    • 0033303289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar II disorder and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified
    • Greil W, Kleindienst N. Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar II disorder and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;14:283-5.
    • (1999) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 283-285
    • Greil, W.1    Kleindienst, N.2
  • 14
    • 0036204451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is lithium still worth using? An update of selected recent research
    • Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Hennen J, et al. Is lithium still worth using? An update of selected recent research. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2002;10:59-75.
    • (2002) Harv Rev Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 59-75
    • Baldessarini, R.J.1    Tondo, L.2    Hennen, J.3
  • 15
    • 0034841757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medication prescribing patterns for patients with bipolar I disorder in hospital settings: Adherence to published practice guidelines
    • Lim PZ, Tunis SL, Edell WS, et al. Medication prescribing patterns for patients with bipolar I disorder in hospital settings: Adherence to published practice guidelines. Bipolar Disord 2001;3:165-73.
    • (2001) Bipolar Disord , vol.3 , pp. 165-173
    • Lim, P.Z.1    Tunis, S.L.2    Edell, W.S.3
  • 16
    • 0017128059 scopus 로고
    • Depressive symptoms in patients with unipolar and bipolar affective disorder
    • Dunner DL, Dwyer T, Fieve R. Depressive symptoms in patients with unipolar and bipolar affective disorder. Compr Psychiatry 1976;17:447-51.
    • (1976) Compr Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 447-451
    • Dunner, D.L.1    Dwyer, T.2    Fieve, R.3
  • 17
    • 0034013393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar I disorder
    • Divalproex Maintenance Study Group
    • Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, McElroy SL, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar I disorder. Divalproex Maintenance Study Group. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:481-9.
    • (2000) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 481-489
    • Bowden, C.L.1    Calabrese, J.R.2    McElroy, S.L.3
  • 18
    • 0037385145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently manic or hypomanic patients with bipolar I disorder
    • Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, Sachs G, et al. A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently manic or hypomanic patients with bipolar I disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:392-400.
    • (2003) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 392-400
    • Bowden, C.L.1    Calabrese, J.R.2    Sachs, G.3
  • 19
    • 0141800179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine maintenance treatment in recently depressed patients with bipolar I disorder
    • Montreal, Quebec, July
    • Yatham LN, Behnke K, Timotijevic I, et al. Placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine maintenance treatment in recently depressed patients with bipolar I disorder. CINP Poster Abstract. Montreal, Quebec, July 2002.
    • (2002) CINP Poster Abstract
    • Yatham, L.N.1    Behnke, K.2    Timotijevic, I.3
  • 20
    • 0002486910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary and meta-analysis of two large placebo-controlled 18-month maintenance trials of lamotrigine and lithium treatment in bipolar I disorder
    • Calabrese JR, Soegaard J, Hompland M, et al. Summary and meta-analysis of two large placebo-controlled 18-month maintenance trials of lamotrigine and lithium treatment in bipolar I disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002;5:S58.
    • (2002) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.5
    • Calabrese, J.R.1    Soegaard, J.2    Hompland, M.3
  • 21
    • 0034882698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower suicide risk with long-term lithium treatment in major affective illness: A meta-analysis
    • Tondo L, Hennen J, Baldessarini RJ. Lower suicide risk with long-term lithium treatment in major affective illness: A meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001;104:163-72.
    • (2001) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.104 , pp. 163-172
    • Tondo, L.1    Hennen, J.2    Baldessarini, R.J.3
  • 22
    • 0031846536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium treatment and risk of suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder patients
    • Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ, Hennen J, et al. Lithium treatment and risk of suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59:405-14.
    • (1998) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 405-414
    • Tondo, L.1    Baldessarini, R.J.2    Hennen, J.3
  • 23
    • 0029982088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prophylactic treatment on suicide risk in patients with major affective disorders: Data from a randomized prospective trial
    • Thies-Flechtner K, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Seibert W, et al. Effect of prophylactic treatment on suicide risk in patients with major affective disorders: Data from a randomized prospective trial. Pharmacopsychiatry 1996;29:103-7.
    • (1996) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 103-107
    • Thies-Flechtner, K.1    Muller-Oerlinghausen, B.2    Seibert, W.3
  • 24
    • 0038642174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium treatment and suicide risk in major affective disorders: Update and new findings
    • Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Hennen J. Lithium treatment and suicide risk in major affective disorders: Update and new findings. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64(Suppl 5):44-52.
    • (2003) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 44-52
    • Baldessarini, R.J.1    Tondo, L.2    Hennen, J.3
  • 25
    • 0034061423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sixteen-year mortality in patients with affective disorder commenced on lithium
    • Brodersen A, Licht RW, Vestergaard P, et al. Sixteen-year mortality in patients with affective disorder commenced on lithium. Br J Psychiatry 2000;176:429-33.
    • (2000) Br J Psychiatry , vol.176 , pp. 429-433
    • Brodersen, A.1    Licht, R.W.2    Vestergaard, P.3
  • 26
    • 0141834950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicide risk in bipolar disorder during treatment with lithium and divalproex
    • in press
    • Goodwin FK, Fireman B, Simon GE, et al. Suicide risk in bipolar disorder during treatment with lithium and divalproex. JAMA 2003 (in press)
    • (2003) JAMA
    • Goodwin, F.K.1    Fireman, B.2    Simon, G.E.3
  • 27
    • 0029050935 scopus 로고
    • Extended survival of patients on long-term lithium treatment
    • Ahrens B, Grof P, Moller HJ, et al. Extended survival of patients on long-term lithium treatment. Can J Psychiatry 1995;40:241-6.
    • (1995) Can J Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 241-246
    • Ahrens, B.1    Grof, P.2    Moller, H.J.3
  • 28
    • 0033972116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in 497 patients with affective disorders attending a lithium clinic or after having left it
    • Kallner G, Lindelius R, Petterson U, et al. Mortality in 497 patients with affective disorders attending a lithium clinic or after having left it. Pharmacopsychiatry 2000;33:8-13.
    • (2000) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 8-13
    • Kallner, G.1    Lindelius, R.2    Petterson, U.3
  • 30
    • 0001748956 scopus 로고
    • Endocrine side-effects of lithium
    • Johnson FN, ed. Baltimore: University Park Press;
    • Mannisto PT. Endocrine side-effects of lithium. In: Johnson FN, ed. Handbook of lithium therapy. Baltimore: University Park Press; 1980:310-22.
    • (1980) Handbook of Lithium Therapy , pp. 310-322
    • Mannisto, P.T.1
  • 31
    • 0023841595 scopus 로고
    • Lithium-induced thyroid disorders: A prevalence study
    • Yassa R, Saunders A, Nastase C, et al. Lithium-induced thyroid disorders: A prevalence study. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49:14-6.
    • (1988) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 14-16
    • Yassa, R.1    Saunders, A.2    Nastase, C.3
  • 32
    • 0024268773 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function in patients maintained on lithium
    • Hatterer JA, Kocsis JH, Stokes PE. Thyroid function in patients maintained on lithium. Psychiatry Res 1988;26:249-57.
    • (1988) Psychiatry Res , vol.26 , pp. 249-257
    • Hatterer, J.A.1    Kocsis, J.H.2    Stokes, P.E.3
  • 33
    • 0032829363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: An overview of research and clinical experience
    • Kilzieh N, Akiskal HS. Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: An overview of research and clinical experience. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1999;22:585-607.
    • (1999) Psychiatr Clin North Am , vol.22 , pp. 585-607
    • Kilzieh, N.1    Akiskal, H.S.2
  • 34
    • 0035199718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten-year follow-up of thyroid function in lithium patients
    • Bocchetta A, Mossa P, Velluzzi F, et al. Ten-year follow-up of thyroid function in lithium patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;21:594-8.
    • (2001) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 594-598
    • Bocchetta, A.1    Mossa, P.2    Velluzzi, F.3
  • 35
    • 0031821569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disorders in lithium-treated patients
    • Kirov G. Thyroid disorders in lithium-treated patients. J Affect Disord 1998;50:33-40.
    • (1998) J Affect Disord , vol.50 , pp. 33-40
    • Kirov, G.1
  • 36
    • 0026486196 scopus 로고
    • Grade grade III hypothyroidism in rapid-cycling bipolar patients
    • Kusalic M. Grade II and grade III hypothyroidism in rapid-cycling bipolar patients. Neuropsychobiology 1992;25:177-81.
    • (1992) Neuropsychobiology , vol.25 , pp. 177-181
    • Kusalic M. II1
  • 37
    • 0035324358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone, neural tissue and mood modulation
    • Bauer M, Whybrow PC. Thyroid hormone, neural tissue and mood modulation. World J Biol Psychiatry 2001;2:59-69.
    • (2001) World J Biol Psychiatry , vol.2 , pp. 59-69
    • Bauer, M.1    Whybrow, P.C.2
  • 38
    • 0141576950 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous side effects of lithium
    • Johnson FN, ed. Baltimore: University Park Press;
    • Bakker JB, Pepplinkhuizen L. Cutaneous side effects of lithium. In: Johnson FN, ed. Handbook of lithium therapy. Baltimore: University Park Press; 1980:372-7.
    • (1980) Handbook of Lithium Therapy , pp. 372-377
    • Bakker, J.B.1    Pepplinkhuizen, L.2
  • 39
    • 0020564149 scopus 로고
    • A review and controlled study of cutaneous conditions associated with lithium carbonate
    • Sarantidis D, Waters B. A review and controlled study of cutaneous conditions associated with lithium carbonate. Br J Psychiatry 1983;143:42-50.
    • (1983) Br J Psychiatry , vol.143 , pp. 42-50
    • Sarantidis, D.1    Waters, B.2
  • 40
    • 0034598451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A control study of the cutaneous side effects of chronic lithium therapy
    • Chan HH, Wing Y, Su R, et al. A control study of the cutaneous side effects of chronic lithium therapy. J Affect Disord 2000;57:107-13.
    • (2000) J Affect Disord , vol.57 , pp. 107-113
    • Chan, H.H.1    Wing, Y.2    Su, R.3
  • 42
    • 0021681707 scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting neurological sequelae after lithium intoxication
    • Schou M. Long-lasting neurological sequelae after lithium intoxication. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1984;70:594-602.
    • (1984) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.70 , pp. 594-602
    • Schou, M.1
  • 43
    • 0011139676 scopus 로고
    • Effects of psychotropic drugs on cognition and memory in normal humans and animals
    • Meltzer HY, ed. New York: Raven Press
    • Judd LL, Squire LR, Butters N, et al. Effects of psychotropic drugs on cognition and memory in normal humans and animals. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Psychopharmacology: The third generation of progress. New York: Raven Press; 1987:1467-75.
    • (1987) Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress , pp. 1467-1475
    • Judd, L.L.1    Squire, L.R.2    Butters, N.3
  • 45
    • 0032802740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium induced cognitive side-effects in bipolar disorder: A qualitative analysis and implications for daily practice
    • Honig A, Arts BM, Ponds RW, et al. Lithium induced cognitive side-effects in bipolar disorder: A qualitative analysis and implications for daily practice. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999;14:167-71.
    • (1999) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 167-171
    • Honig, A.1    Arts, B.M.2    Ponds, R.W.3
  • 46
    • 0034597688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of lithium on cognition in healthy subjects: Mild and selective effects on learning
    • Stip E, Dufresne J, Lussier I, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of lithium on cognition in healthy subjects: Mild and selective effects on learning. J Affect Disord 2000;60:147-57.
    • (2000) J Affect Disord , vol.60 , pp. 147-157
    • Stip, E.1    Dufresne, J.2    Lussier, I.3
  • 47
    • 0029021220 scopus 로고
    • Comparative cognitive effects of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate in healthy adults
    • Meador KJ, Loring DW, Moore EE, et al. Comparative cognitive effects of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate in healthy adults. Neurology 1995;45:1494-9.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1494-1499
    • Meador, K.J.1    Loring, D.W.2    Moore, E.E.3
  • 48
    • 84963052680 scopus 로고
    • Kidney damage in long-term lithium patients: A cross-sectional study of patients with 15 years or more on lithium
    • Bendz H, Aurell M, Balldin J, et al. Kidney damage in long-term lithium patients: A cross-sectional study of patients with 15 years or more on lithium. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994;9:1250-4.
    • (1994) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.9 , pp. 1250-1254
    • Bendz, H.1    Aurell, M.2    Balldin, J.3
  • 49
    • 0034962455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A historical cohort study of kidney damage in long-term lithium patients: Continued surveillance needed
    • Bendz H, Aurell M, Lanke J. A historical cohort study of kidney damage in long-term lithium patients: Continued surveillance needed. Eur Psychiatry 2001;16:199-206.
    • (2001) Eur Psychiatry , vol.16 , pp. 199-206
    • Bendz, H.1    Aurell, M.2    Lanke, J.3
  • 50
    • 19244371286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal side-effects of long-term lithium treatment
    • Coskunol H, Vahip S, Mees ED, et al. Renal side-effects of long-term lithium treatment. J Affect Disord 1997;43:5-10.
    • (1997) J Affect Disord , vol.43 , pp. 5-10
    • Coskunol, H.1    Vahip, S.2    Mees, E.D.3
  • 51
    • 0036194334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of short- and long-term lithium treatment on kidney functioning in patients with bipolar mood disorder
    • Turan T, Esel E, Tokgoz B, et al. Effects of short- and long-term lithium treatment on kidney functioning in patients with bipolar mood disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2002;26:561-5.
    • (2002) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 561-565
    • Turan, T.1    Esel, E.2    Tokgoz, B.3
  • 52
    • 0033914490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium nephrotoxicity: A progressive combined glomerular and tubulointerstitial nephropathy
    • Markowitz GS, Radhakrishnan J, Kambham N, et al. Lithium nephrotoxicity: A progressive combined glomerular and tubulointerstitial nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11:1439-48.
    • (2000) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.11 , pp. 1439-1448
    • Markowitz, G.S.1    Radhakrishnan, J.2    Kambham, N.3
  • 53
    • 0033394431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced diabetes insipidus: Incidence, prevention and management
    • Bendz H, Aurell M. Drug-induced diabetes insipidus: Incidence, prevention and management. Drug Saf 1999;21:449-56.
    • (1999) Drug Saf , vol.21 , pp. 449-456
    • Bendz, H.1    Aurell, M.2
  • 54
    • 0031400037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • End-stage renal disease after treatment with lithium
    • Chugh S, Yager H. End-stage renal disease after treatment with lithium. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;17:495-7.
    • (1997) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 495-497
    • Chugh, S.1    Yager, H.2
  • 55
    • 0025226205 scopus 로고
    • Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study
    • Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. JAMA 1990;264:2511-8.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.264 , pp. 2511-2518
    • Regier, D.A.1    Farmer, M.E.2    Rae, D.S.3
  • 56
    • 0034052086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance abuse and the kidney
    • Crowe AV, Howse M, Bell GM, et al. Substance abuse and the kidney. QJM 2000;93:147-52.
    • (2000) QJM , vol.93 , pp. 147-152
    • Crowe, A.V.1    Howse, M.2    Bell, G.M.3
  • 58
    • 0033573339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of end-stage renal disease associated with alcohol consumption
    • Perneger TV, Whelton PK, Puddey IB, et al. Risk of end-stage renal disease associated with alcohol consumption. Am J Epidemiol 1999;150:1275-81.
    • (1999) Am J Epidemiol , vol.150 , pp. 1275-1281
    • Perneger, T.V.1    Whelton, P.K.2    Puddey, I.B.3
  • 60
    • 0036084796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of obesity and weight change during treatment in patients with bipolar I disorder
    • Fagiolini A, Frank E, Houck PR, et al. Prevalence of obesity and weight change during treatment in patients with bipolar I disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:528-33.
    • (2002) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 528-533
    • Fagiolini, A.1    Frank, E.2    Houck, P.R.3
  • 61
    • 0036811240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in body weight and body mass index among psychiatric patients receiving lithium, valproate, or topiramate: An open-label, nonrandomized chart review
    • Chengappa KN, Chalasani L, Brar JS, et al. Changes in body weight and body mass index among psychiatric patients receiving lithium, valproate, or topiramate: An open-label, nonrandomized chart review. Clin Ther 2002:24:1576-84.
    • (2002) Clin Ther , vol.24 , pp. 1576-1584
    • Chengappa, K.N.1    Chalasani, L.2    Brar, J.S.3
  • 62
    • 0037229426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity as a correlate of outcome in patients with bipolar I disorder
    • Fagiolini, A, Kupfer DJ, Houck PR, et al. Obesity as a correlate of outcome in patients with bipolar I disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:112-7.
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 112-117
    • Fagiolini, A.1    Kupfer, D.J.2    Houck, P.R.3
  • 64
    • 0034903909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of overweight and obesity in patients with bipolar disorder
    • Elmslie JL, Mann JI, Silverstone JT, et al. Determinants of overweight and obesity in patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:486-91.
    • (2001) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 486-491
    • Elmslie, J.L.1    Mann, J.I.2    Silverstone, J.T.3
  • 65
    • 0033977080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The increasing use of polypharmacotherapy for refractory mood disorders: 22 Years of study
    • Frye MA, Ketter TA, Leverich GS, et al. The increasing use of polypharmacotherapy for refractory mood disorders: 22 years of study. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61:9-15.
    • (2000) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 9-15
    • Frye, M.A.1    Ketter, T.A.2    Leverich, G.S.3
  • 66
    • 0034711606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel evidence of different mechanisms of lithium and valproate neuroprotective action on human SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: Caspase-3 dependency
    • Li R, El-Mallahk RS. A novel evidence of different mechanisms of lithium and valproate neuroprotective action on human SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: Caspase-3 dependency. Neurosci Lett 2000;294:147-50.
    • (2000) Neurosci Lett , vol.294 , pp. 147-150
    • Li, R.1    El-Mallahk, R.S.2
  • 67
    • 0033064346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium and valproate differentially regulate brain regional expression of phosphorylated CREB and c-Fos
    • Chen B, Wang JF, Hill BC, et al. Lithium and valproate differentially regulate brain regional expression of phosphorylated CREB and c-Fos. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1999;70:45-53.
    • (1999) Brain Res Mol Brain Res , vol.70 , pp. 45-53
    • Chen, B.1    Wang, J.F.2    Hill, B.C.3
  • 69
    • 0032856246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical outcome in a randomized 1-year trial of clozapine versus treatment as usual for patients with treatment-resistant illness and a history of mania
    • Suppes T, Webb A, Paul B, et al. Clinical outcome in a randomized 1-year trial of clozapine versus treatment as usual for patients with treatment-resistant illness and a history of mania. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:1164-9.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 1164-1169
    • Suppes, T.1    Webb, A.2    Paul, B.3
  • 70
    • 0034790651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine as long-term adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder
    • Vieta E, Reinares M, Corbella B, et al. Olanzapine as long-term adjunctive therapy in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;21:469-73.
    • (2001) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 469-473
    • Vieta, E.1    Reinares, M.2    Corbella, B.3
  • 71
    • 0035192351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone safety and efficacy in the treatment of bipolar and schizoaffective disorders: Results from a 6-month, multicenter, open study
    • Vieta E, Goikolea JM, Corbella B, et al. Risperidone safety and efficacy in the treatment of bipolar and schizoaffective disorders: Results from a 6-month, multicenter, open study. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:818-25.
    • (2001) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 818-825
    • Vieta, E.1    Goikolea, J.M.2    Corbella, B.3
  • 74
    • 0035721387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of risperidone in bipolar II: An open 6-month study
    • Vieta E, Gasto C, Colom F, et al. Role of risperidone in bipolar II: An open 6-month study. J Affect Disord 2001;67:213-9.
    • (2001) J Affect Disord , vol.67 , pp. 213-219
    • Vieta, E.1    Gasto, C.2    Colom, F.3
  • 75
    • 0017054360 scopus 로고
    • Bioavailabilty and side effects of different lithium carbonate products
    • Grof P, MacCrimmon D, Saxena B, et al. Bioavailabilty and side effects of different lithium carbonate products. Neuropsychobiology 1976;2:313-23.
    • (1976) Neuropsychobiology , vol.2 , pp. 313-323
    • Grof, P.1    MacCrimmon, D.2    Saxena, B.3
  • 76
    • 0029955909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal reactions to changes of lithium dosage
    • Kusalic M, Engelsmann F. Renal reactions to changes of lithium dosage. Neuropsychobiology 1996;34:113-6.
    • (1996) Neuropsychobiology , vol.34 , pp. 113-116
    • Kusalic, M.1    Engelsmann, F.2
  • 77
    • 0025963943 scopus 로고
    • Lithium: Long-term effects on the kidney: A prospective follow-up study ten years after kidney biopsy
    • Hetmar O, Povlsen UJ, Ladefoged J, et al. Lithium: Long-term effects on the kidney: A prospective follow-up study ten years after kidney biopsy. Br J Psychiatry 1991;158:53-8.
    • (1991) Br J Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 53-58
    • Hetmar, O.1    Povlsen, U.J.2    Ladefoged, J.3
  • 78
    • 0027463027 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lithium dosing schedule on urinary output
    • O'Donovan C, Hawkes J, Bowen R. Effect of lithium dosing schedule on urinary output. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993;87:92-5.
    • (1993) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.87 , pp. 92-95
    • O'Donovan, C.1    Hawkes, J.2    Bowen, R.3
  • 79
    • 0344838538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for the development of lithium-induced polyuria
    • Movig KL, Baumgarten R, Leufkens HG, et al. Risk factors for the development of lithium-induced polyuria. Br J Psychiatry 2003;182:319-23.
    • (2003) Br J Psychiatry , vol.182 , pp. 319-323
    • Movig, K.L.1    Baumgarten, R.2    Leufkens, H.G.3
  • 80
    • 0034666049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy: Managing the chaos of bipolar disorder
    • Frank E, Swartz HA, Kupfer DJ. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy: Managing the chaos of bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000;48:593-604.
    • (2000) Biol Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 593-604
    • Frank, E.1    Swartz, H.A.2    Kupfer, D.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.