Social Foundations of Openness

Philosophy of the Social Sciences

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 24-38

  Hall, John A ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0141781731     PISSN: 00483931     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/004839319702700102     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. K. R. Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies. Volume Two. The High Tide of Prophecy: Hegel, Marx and the Aftermath, 4th rev. ed. (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962), chap. 23.
2. This point is made at length in E. A. Gellner, Relativism and the Social Sciences (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 39-42 and chap. 1, pass.
3. Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies, vol. 2, chap. 14.
4. J. A. Hall, "Ideas and the Social Sciences," in Ideas and Foreign Policy, edited by J. Goldstein and R. Keohane (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993).
5. Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies, vol. 2, pp. 97-8.
6. This psychological drive received its fullest and clearest statement in The Open Society and Its Enemies. Volume One. The Spell of Plato, 4th rev. ed. (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962), chap. 10.
7. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.
8. P. Crone, Slaves on Horses (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980).
9. M. Cook and P. Crone, Hagarism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).
10. I draw here and in the next paragraphs on knowledge gained at a conference, Pre-Modern Communism, that I organized with Patricia Crone in April 1992 in Cambridge, England. I learned a great deal from her comments and from P. Cartledge's "Utopias in Ancient Greece: Fact or Fantasy?"
11. Popper's views about the Laconists have been powerfully supported by E. M. Wood and N. Wood, Class Ideology and Ancient Political Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978). D. Dawson, Cities of the Gods (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), chap. 2, offers some cautionary words on this interpretation.
12. Popper's views about the Laconists have been powerfully supported by E. M. Wood and N. Wood, Class Ideology and Ancient Political Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978). D. Dawson, Cities of the Gods (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), chap. 2, offers some cautionary words on this interpretation.
13. N. Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium, 2d ed. (New York: Harper, 1961).
14. R. Scribner, "Practical Utopias: Pre-Modern Communism and the Reformation" (paper prepared for the Pre-Modern Communism conference, Cambridge, England, April 1992).
15. My view of Rousseau derives from J. Shklar, Men and Citizens (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969) and C. Blum, Rousseau and the Republic of Virtue (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986).
16. My view of Rousseau derives from J. Shklar, Men and Citizens (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969) and C. Blum, Rousseau and the Republic of Virtue (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986).
17. L. Kolakowski, "The Myth of Human Self-Identity," in The Socialist Idea: A Re-Appraisal, edited by L. Kolakowski and S. Hampshire (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1974).
18. It is worth recalling that Popper later admitted (Unended Quest [London: Fontana, 1976], 113) that he had initially intended to call his great treatise "False Prophets: Plato-Hegel-Marx."
19. Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies, vol. 1, p. v.
20. A particularly striking account of the endless love for the polis is that of E. Rawson, The Spartan Tradition in European Thought (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).
21. Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies, vol. 2, pp. 60-1.
22. This distinction stands at the heart of J. Goldstone, Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
23. Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies, vol. 2, p. 55.
24. Ibid., pp. 51, 312, 318.
25. Ibid., pp. 60-1, 162-5.
26. Ibid., pp. 60-78.
27. Ibid., pp. 162-5.
28. A useful overview is provided by J. Bryant, "Military Technology and Socio-Cultural Change in the Ancient Greek City," Sociological Review 38 (1990): 484-516.
29. I. Hont and M. Ignarieff, eds., Wealth and Virtue (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), especially the editorial introduction.
30. There is a large literature on this point. See inter alia W. H. McNeill, The Rise of the West (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1964); J. A. Hall, Powers and Liberties (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985); M. Mann, Sources of Social Power. Volume One. A History of Power from the Beginning to AD 1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
31. There is a large literature on this point. See inter alia W. H. McNeill, The Rise of the West (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1964); J. A. Hall, Powers and Liberties (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985); M. Mann, Sources of Social Power. Volume One. A History of Power from the Beginning to AD 1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
32. There is a large literature on this point. See inter alia W. H. McNeill, The Rise of the West (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1964); J. A. Hall, Powers and Liberties (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985); M. Mann, Sources of Social Power. Volume One. A History of Power from the Beginning to AD 1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
33. E. Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vol. 1 (1776; reprint, London: Everyman, 1905), 93.
34. Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), part 5, chap. 6.
35. D. Winch, Adam Smith's Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978).
36. E. Gellner, Conditions of Liberty (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994); J. A. Hall, "In Search of Civil Society," in Civil Society, edited by J. A. Hall (Oxford: Polity, 1995), 1-32;
37. E. Gellner, Conditions of Liberty (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994); J. A. Hall, "In Search of Civil Society," in Civil Society, edited by J. A. Hall (Oxford: Polity, 1995), 1-32;
38. T. Karl, "Dilemmas of Democratisation in Latin America," Comparative Politics 22 (1990): 1-21.
39. Benjamin Constant: Political Writings, edited by B. Fontana (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). Cf. S. Holmes, Benjamin Constant and the Making of Modern Liberalism (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1984).
40. Benjamin Constant: Political Writings, edited by B. Fontana (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). Cf. S. Holmes, Benjamin Constant and the Making of Modern Liberalism (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1984).
41. Boston: Beacon, 1944.
42. E. Gellner, Nations and Nationalism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1983) - which makes much of the difficulty of defining "the nation."
43. Weber's comments about the German working class of his own time can be found in his wartime reflections on the historical sociology of Wilhelmine Germany, "Parliament and Government in a Reconstructed Germany," in his Economy and Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), 1391. am generally influenced here by M. Mann, Sources of Social Power. Volume Two. The Rise of Classes and Nation-States, 1760-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
44. Weber's comments about the German working class of his own time can be found in his wartime reflections on the historical sociology of Wilhelmine Germany, "Parliament and Government in a Reconstructed Germany," in his Economy and Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), 1391. am generally influenced here by M. Mann, Sources of Social Power. Volume Two. The Rise of Classes and Nation-States, 1760-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
45. There is a substantial literature on this point. See inter alia C. Waisman, Modernisation and the Working Class (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982); D. Geary, European Labour Protest, 1848-1945 (London: Methuen, 1984); T. McDaniel, Autocracy, Capitalism and Revolution in Russia (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987); I. Katznelson and A. Zolberg, eds., Working Class Formation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986); R. McKibbin, Ideologies of Class (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990); Mann, Sources of Social Power, vol. 2, chaps. 15, 17-19.
46. There is a substantial literature on this point. See inter alia C. Waisman, Modernisation and the Working Class (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982); D. Geary, European Labour Protest, 1848-1945 (London: Methuen, 1984); T. McDaniel, Autocracy, Capitalism and Revolution in Russia (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987); I. Katznelson and A. Zolberg, eds., Working Class Formation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986); R. McKibbin, Ideologies of Class (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990); Mann, Sources of Social Power, vol. 2, chaps. 15, 17-19.
47. There is a substantial literature on this point. See inter alia C. Waisman, Modernisation and the Working Class (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982); D. Geary, European Labour Protest, 1848-1945 (London: Methuen, 1984); T. McDaniel, Autocracy, Capitalism and Revolution in Russia (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987); I. Katznelson and A. Zolberg, eds., Working Class Formation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986); R. McKibbin, Ideologies of Class (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990); Mann, Sources of Social Power, vol. 2, chaps. 15, 17-19.
48. There is a substantial literature on this point. See inter alia C. Waisman, Modernisation and the Working Class (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982); D. Geary, European Labour Protest, 1848-1945 (London: Methuen, 1984); T. McDaniel, Autocracy, Capitalism and Revolution in Russia (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987); I. Katznelson and A. Zolberg, eds., Working Class Formation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986); R. McKibbin, Ideologies of Class (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990); Mann, Sources of Social Power, vol. 2, chaps. 15, 17-19.
49. There is a substantial literature on this point. See inter alia C. Waisman, Modernisation and the Working Class (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982); D. Geary, European Labour Protest, 1848-1945 (London: Methuen, 1984); T. McDaniel, Autocracy, Capitalism and Revolution in Russia (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987); I. Katznelson and A. Zolberg, eds., Working Class Formation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986); R. McKibbin, Ideologies of Class (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990); Mann, Sources of Social Power, vol. 2, chaps. 15, 17-19.
50. There is a substantial literature on this point. See inter alia C. Waisman, Modernisation and the Working Class (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982); D. Geary, European Labour Protest, 1848-1945 (London: Methuen, 1984); T. McDaniel, Autocracy, Capitalism and Revolution in Russia (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987); I. Katznelson and A. Zolberg, eds., Working Class Formation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986); R. McKibbin, Ideologies of Class (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990); Mann, Sources of Social Power, vol. 2, chaps. 15, 17-19.
51. J. A. Hall, Coercion and Consent (Oxford: Polity, 1994), esp. chap. 6.
52. J. Snyder, Myths of Empire (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), chap. 3 and pass.; Mann, Sources of Social Power, vol. 2, chap. 21; J. A. Hall, International Orders (Oxford: Polity, 1996), chap. 3 and pass.
53. J. Snyder, Myths of Empire (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), chap. 3 and pass.; Mann, Sources of Social Power, vol. 2, chap. 21; J. A. Hall, International Orders (Oxford: Polity, 1996), chap. 3 and pass.
54. J. Snyder, Myths of Empire (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), chap. 3 and pass.; Mann, Sources of Social Power, vol. 2, chap. 21; J. A. Hall, International Orders (Oxford: Polity, 1996), chap. 3 and pass.
55. Cf. R. Aron, "On Liberalisation," Government and Opposition 14 (1979): 37-57.
56. R. Brubaker, "National Minorities, Nationalising States, and External National Homelands in the New Europe," Daedalus 124 (1995): 107-32.
57. C. Maier, "The Two Postwar Eras and the Conditions for Stability in Twentieth-Century Europe," American Historical Review 85 (1981): 327-52; J. G. Ruggie, "International Regimes, Transactions and Change," International Organisation 36 (1982): 379-415.
58. C. Maier, "The Two Postwar Eras and the Conditions for Stability in Twentieth- Century Europe," American Historical Review 85 (1981): 327-52; J. G. Ruggie, "International Regimes, Transactions and Change," International Organisation 36 (1982): 379-415.
59. J. Snyder, "Averting Anarchy in the New Europe," International Security 14 (1990): 5-41.