Introduction: The Uses of Historical Evidence in Early Modern Europe

Journal of the History of Ideas

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 149-157

  Soll, Jacob ^a  

^a RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0141754064     PISSN: 00225037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jhi.2003.0029     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (London, 1940), 61; cf. Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, Conn., 1946), 135-73.
2. Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (London, 1940), 61; cf. Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, Conn., 1946), 135-73.
3. Ibid., 67. Émile Durkheim, L'Évolution pédagogique en France (2 vols.; Paris, 1938), I, 24.
4. Ibid., 67. Émile Durkheim, L'Évolution pédagogique en France (2 vols.; Paris, 1938), I, 24.
5. Durkheim, II, 17, 33.
6. Butterfield, The Whig Interpretation of History (London, 1931); Man on His Past: The Study of the History of Historical Scholarship (Cambridge, 1955); The Origins of History, ed. Adam Watson (New York, 1981).
7. Butterfield, The Whig Interpretation of History (London, 1931); Man on His Past: The Study of the History of Historical Scholarship (Cambridge, 1955); The Origins of History, ed. Adam Watson (New York, 1981).
8. Butterfield, The Whig Interpretation of History (London, 1931); Man on His Past: The Study of the History of Historical Scholarship (Cambridge, 1955); The Origins of History, ed. Adam Watson (New York, 1981).
9. Herbert Butterfield, The Origins of Modern Science 1300-1800 (New York, 1951); Arthur O. Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being: The History of an Idea (Cambridge, 1936; 197l, 3), 99-182; C. S. Lewis, The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature (Cambridge, 1964); and W. H. Greenleaf, Order, Empiricism and Politics: Two Traditions of English Political Thought 1500-1700 (Oxford, 1964), 144.
10. Herbert Butterfield, The Origins of Modern Science 1300-1800 (New York, 1951); Arthur O. Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being: The History of an Idea (Cambridge, 1936; 197l, 3), 99-182; C. S. Lewis, The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature (Cambridge, 1964); and W. H. Greenleaf, Order, Empiricism and Politics: Two Traditions of English Political Thought 1500-1700 (Oxford, 1964), 144.
11. Herbert Butterfield, The Origins of Modern Science 1300-1800 (New York, 1951); Arthur O. Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being: The History of an Idea (Cambridge, 1936; 197l, 3), 99-182; C. S. Lewis, The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature (Cambridge, 1964); and W. H. Greenleaf, Order, Empiricism and Politics: Two Traditions of English Political Thought 1500-1700 (Oxford, 1964), 144.
12. Herbert Butterfield, The Origins of Modern Science 1300-1800 (New York, 1951); Arthur O. Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being: The History of an Idea (Cambridge, 1936; 197l, 3), 99-182; C. S. Lewis, The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature (Cambridge, 1964); and W. H. Greenleaf, Order, Empiricism and Politics: Two Traditions of English Political Thought 1500-1700 (Oxford, 1964), 144.
13. See William A. Wallace, Galileo and His Sources: The Heritage of the Collegio Romano in Galileo's Science (Princeton, 1984), 292, and Pietro Redondi, Galileo Heretic (Princeton, 1987).
14. See William A. Wallace, Galileo and His Sources: The Heritage of the Collegio Romano in Galileo's Science (Princeton, 1984), 292, and Pietro Redondi, Galileo Heretic (Princeton, 1987).
15. Pierre Bayle, "Crémonin," in his Dictionnaire Critique et Historique (4 vols.; Amsterdam, 1720), I, 933-44.
16. Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago, 1962), and see Donald R. Kelley, "Horizons of Intellectual History: Retrospect, Circumspect, Prospect," in Donald R. Kelley (ed.), The History of Ideas: Canon and Variations (Rochester, N.Y., 1990), 312-38 at 148, n. 14.
17. Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago, 1962), and see Donald R. Kelley, "Horizons of Intellectual History: Retrospect, Circumspect, Prospect," in Donald R. Kelley (ed.), The History of Ideas: Canon and Variations (Rochester, N.Y., 1990), 312-38 at 148, n. 14.
18. Steven Shapin and Simon Shaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the Experimental Life (Princeton, 1985), 18, and Barbara J. Shapiro, A Culture of Fact: England 1550-1720 (Ithaca, N.Y., 2002).
19. Steven Shapin and Simon Shaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the Experimental Life (Princeton, 1985), 18, and Barbara J. Shapiro, A Culture of Fact: England 1550-1720 (Ithaca, N.Y., 2002).
20. Lorraine Daston and Katherine Park, Wonders and the Order of Nature 1150-1750 (New York, 1998), 14-20. See also James Chandler, Arnold I. Davidson, and Harry Harootunian (eds.), Questions of Evidence: Proof, Practice, and Persuasion across the Disciplines (Chicago, 1994).
21. Lorraine Daston and Katherine Park, Wonders and the Order of Nature 1150-1750 (New York, 1998), 14-20. See also James Chandler, Arnold I. Davidson, and Harry Harootunian (eds.), Questions of Evidence: Proof, Practice, and Persuasion across the Disciplines (Chicago, 1994).
22. Paula Findlen, "Possessing the Past: The Material World of the Italian Renaissance," American Historical Review, 103 (1998), 83-114 at 89.
23. See Lisa Jardine, Worldly Goods: A New History of the Renaissance (London, 1996).
24. Exceptions include Nancy Siraisi, "Girolamo Cardano and the Art of Medical Narrative," JHI, 52 (1991), 581-602; Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature: Jean Bodin and Renaissance Science (Princeton, 1997); Anthony Grafton, Cardano's Cosmos: The Worlds and Works of a Renaissance Astrologer (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), Anthony Grafton and Nancy Siraisi (eds.), Natural Particulars: Nature and the Disciplines in Renaissance Europe (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), and Peter N. Miller, Peiresc's Europe: Learning and Virtue in the Seventeenth Century (New Haven, Conn., 2000).
25. Exceptions include Nancy Siraisi, "Girolamo Cardano and the Art of Medical Narrative," JHI, 52 (1991), 581-602; Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature: Jean Bodin and Renaissance Science (Princeton, 1997); Anthony Grafton, Cardano's Cosmos: The Worlds and Works of a Renaissance Astrologer (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), Anthony Grafton and Nancy Siraisi (eds.), Natural Particulars: Nature and the Disciplines in Renaissance Europe (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), and Peter N. Miller, Peiresc's Europe: Learning and Virtue in the Seventeenth Century (New Haven, Conn., 2000).
26. Exceptions include Nancy Siraisi, "Girolamo Cardano and the Art of Medical Narrative," JHI, 52 (1991), 581-602; Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature: Jean Bodin and Renaissance Science (Princeton, 1997); Anthony Grafton, Cardano's Cosmos: The Worlds and Works of a Renaissance Astrologer (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), Anthony Grafton and Nancy Siraisi (eds.), Natural Particulars: Nature and the Disciplines in Renaissance Europe (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), and Peter N. Miller, Peiresc's Europe: Learning and Virtue in the Seventeenth Century (New Haven, Conn., 2000).
27. Exceptions include Nancy Siraisi, "Girolamo Cardano and the Art of Medical Narrative," JHI, 52 (1991), 581-602; Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature: Jean Bodin and Renaissance Science (Princeton, 1997); Anthony Grafton, Cardano's Cosmos: The Worlds and Works of a Renaissance Astrologer (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), Anthony Grafton and Nancy Siraisi (eds.), Natural Particulars: Nature and the Disciplines in Renaissance Europe (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), and Peter N. Miller, Peiresc's Europe: Learning and Virtue in the Seventeenth Century (New Haven, Conn., 2000).
28. Exceptions include Nancy Siraisi, "Girolamo Cardano and the Art of Medical Narrative," JHI, 52 (1991), 581-602; Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature: Jean Bodin and Renaissance Science (Princeton, 1997); Anthony Grafton, Cardano's Cosmos: The Worlds and Works of a Renaissance Astrologer (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), Anthony Grafton and Nancy Siraisi (eds.), Natural Particulars: Nature and the Disciplines in Renaissance Europe (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), and Peter N. Miller, Peiresc's Europe: Learning and Virtue in the Seventeenth Century (New Haven, Conn., 2000).
29. See Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny (2 vols.; Princeton, 1955), I, 38-63, and Felix Gilbert, Machiavelli and Guicciardini: Politics and History in Sixteenth-Century Florence (Princeton, 1965); B. L. Ullman, "Leonardo Bruni and Humanist Historiography," Medievalia et Humanistica, 4 (1946), 45-61; Wallace Ferguson, The Renaissance in Historical Thought: Five Centuries of Interpretation (Cambridge, Mass., 1948), 1-28; Edmund Fryde, Humanism and Renaissance Historiography (London, 1983), 3-31; and Donald R. Kelley, "Humanism and History," in Albert Rabil (ed.), Renaissance Humanism (Philadelphia, 1988), 236-70.
30. See Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny (2 vols.; Princeton, 1955), I, 38-63, and Felix Gilbert, Machiavelli and Guicciardini: Politics and History in Sixteenth-Century Florence (Princeton, 1965); B. L. Ullman, "Leonardo Bruni and Humanist Historiography," Medievalia et Humanistica, 4 (1946), 45-61; Wallace Ferguson, The Renaissance in Historical Thought: Five Centuries of Interpretation (Cambridge, Mass., 1948), 1-28; Edmund Fryde, Humanism and Renaissance Historiography (London, 1983), 3-31; and Donald R. Kelley, "Humanism and History," in Albert Rabil (ed.), Renaissance Humanism (Philadelphia, 1988), 236-70.
31. See Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny (2 vols.; Princeton, 1955), I, 38-63, and Felix Gilbert, Machiavelli and Guicciardini: Politics and History in Sixteenth-Century Florence (Princeton, 1965); B. L. Ullman, "Leonardo Bruni and Humanist Historiography," Medievalia et Humanistica, 4 (1946), 45-61; Wallace Ferguson, The Renaissance in Historical Thought: Five Centuries of Interpretation (Cambridge, Mass., 1948), 1-28; Edmund Fryde, Humanism and Renaissance Historiography (London, 1983), 3-31; and Donald R. Kelley, "Humanism and History," in Albert Rabil (ed.), Renaissance Humanism (Philadelphia, 1988), 236-70.
32. See Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny (2 vols.; Princeton, 1955), I, 38-63, and Felix Gilbert, Machiavelli and Guicciardini: Politics and History in Sixteenth-Century Florence (Princeton, 1965); B. L. Ullman, "Leonardo Bruni and Humanist Historiography," Medievalia et Humanistica, 4 (1946), 45-61; Wallace Ferguson, The Renaissance in Historical Thought: Five Centuries of Interpretation (Cambridge, Mass., 1948), 1-28; Edmund Fryde, Humanism and Renaissance Historiography (London, 1983), 3-31; and Donald R. Kelley, "Humanism and History," in Albert Rabil (ed.), Renaissance Humanism (Philadelphia, 1988), 236-70.
33. See Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny (2 vols.; Princeton, 1955), I, 38-63, and Felix Gilbert, Machiavelli and Guicciardini: Politics and History in Sixteenth-Century Florence (Princeton, 1965); B. L. Ullman, "Leonardo Bruni and Humanist Historiography," Medievalia et Humanistica, 4 (1946), 45-61; Wallace Ferguson, The Renaissance in Historical Thought: Five Centuries of Interpretation (Cambridge, Mass., 1948), 1-28; Edmund Fryde, Humanism and Renaissance Historiography (London, 1983), 3-31; and Donald R. Kelley, "Humanism and History," in Albert Rabil (ed.), Renaissance Humanism (Philadelphia, 1988), 236-70.
34. See Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civic Humanism and Republican Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny (2 vols.; Princeton, 1955), I, 38-63, and Felix Gilbert, Machiavelli and Guicciardini: Politics and History in Sixteenth-Century Florence (Princeton, 1965); B. L. Ullman, "Leonardo Bruni and Humanist Historiography," Medievalia et Humanistica, 4 (1946), 45-61; Wallace Ferguson, The Renaissance in Historical Thought: Five Centuries of Interpretation (Cambridge, Mass., 1948), 1-28; Edmund Fryde, Humanism and Renaissance Historiography (London, 1983), 3-31; and Donald R. Kelley, "Humanism and History," in Albert Rabil (ed.), Renaissance Humanism (Philadelphia, 1988), 236-70.
35. Anthony Grafton, The Footnote: A Curious History (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), 122-47.
36. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969)nn; Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
37. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
38. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
39. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
40. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
41. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
42. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
43. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
44. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
45. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
46. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
47. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
48. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
49. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
50. Jacob Burkhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (London, 1945), 104-70; Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance, I, 38-63; Myron Gilmore, Humanists and Jurists (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); Gilbert, 203-70; Peter Burke, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (London, 1969); Eugenio Garin, "Leggi, diritto e storia nelle discussioni dei seculi XV e XVI," in L'età nouva: Ricerche di storia della cultura dal XII al XVI secolo (Naples, 1969); Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (Berkeley, 1990); Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (New York, 1970); Julian Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (Westport, Conn, 1997); J. H. M. Salmon, "Cicero and Tacitus in Sixteenth-Century France," American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 307-31, reprinted in Renaissance and Revolt: Essays in the Intellectual and Social History of Early Modern France (Cambridge, 1987), 27-53. Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.; Cambridge, 1978), I, 193-262; Eric Cochrane, Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance (Chicago, 1981), xiii; Joseph Levine, Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y., 1987); and Anthony Grafton, Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and The Footnote, 1-33.
51. François de Dainville, L'éducation des Jésuites XVI-XVIIIe siècles, ed. Marie-Madeleine Compère (Paris, 1978); Marc Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence (Geneva, 1980), 247-56; Roger Chattier, Marie Madelaine Compère, and Dominique Julia, L'éducation en France du XVIe au XVlIIe siècle (Paris, 1971); George Huppert, Public Schools in Renaissance France (Urbana, Ill., 1984); Anthony Grafton and Lisa Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Europe (London, 1986), 58-82; L. W. B. Brockliss, French Higher Education in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Oxford, 1987); Paul Grendler, Schooling in Renaissance Italy; Literacy and Learning 1300-1600 (Baltimore, 1989). See Quentin Skinner, Foundations, I, 193-212, and see Anthony Grafton, "Humanism and Political Theory," in J. H. Burns and Mark Goldie (eds.), The Cambridge History of Political Thought 1450-1700 (Cambridge, 1991), 20-22.
52. François de Dainville, L'éducation des Jésuites XVI-XVIIIe siècles, ed. Marie-Madeleine Compère (Paris, 1978); Marc Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence (Geneva, 1980), 247-56; Roger Chattier, Marie Madelaine Compère, and Dominique Julia, L'éducation en France du XVIe au XVlIIe siècle (Paris, 1971); George Huppert, Public Schools in Renaissance France (Urbana, Ill., 1984); Anthony Grafton and Lisa Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Europe (London, 1986), 58-82; L. W. B. Brockliss, French Higher Education in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Oxford, 1987); Paul Grendler, Schooling in Renaissance Italy; Literacy and Learning 1300-1600 (Baltimore, 1989). See Quentin Skinner, Foundations, I, 193-212, and see Anthony Grafton, "Humanism and Political Theory," in J. H. Burns and Mark Goldie (eds.), The Cambridge History of Political Thought 1450-1700 (Cambridge, 1991), 20-22.
53. François de Dainville, L'éducation des Jésuites XVI-XVIIIe siècles, ed. Marie-Madeleine Compère (Paris, 1978); Marc Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence (Geneva, 1980), 247-56; Roger Chattier, Marie Madelaine Compère, and Dominique Julia, L'éducation en France du XVIe au XVlIIe siècle (Paris, 1971); George Huppert, Public Schools in Renaissance France (Urbana, Ill., 1984); Anthony Grafton and Lisa Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Europe (London, 1986), 58-82; L. W. B. Brockliss, French Higher Education in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Oxford, 1987); Paul Grendler, Schooling in Renaissance Italy; Literacy and Learning 1300-1600 (Baltimore, 1989). See Quentin Skinner, Foundations, I, 193-212, and see Anthony Grafton, "Humanism and Political Theory," in J. H. Burns and Mark Goldie (eds.), The Cambridge History of Political Thought 1450-1700 (Cambridge, 1991), 20-22.
54. François de Dainville, L'éducation des Jésuites XVI-XVIIIe siècles, ed. Marie-Madeleine Compère (Paris, 1978); Marc Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence (Geneva, 1980), 247-56; Roger Chattier, Marie Madelaine Compère, and Dominique Julia, L'éducation en France du XVIe au XVlIIe siècle (Paris, 1971); George Huppert, Public Schools in Renaissance France (Urbana, Ill., 1984); Anthony Grafton and Lisa Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Europe (London, 1986), 58-82; L. W. B. Brockliss, French Higher Education in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Oxford, 1987); Paul Grendler, Schooling in Renaissance Italy; Literacy and Learning 1300-1600 (Baltimore, 1989). See Quentin Skinner, Foundations, I, 193-212, and see Anthony Grafton, "Humanism and Political Theory," in J. H. Burns and Mark Goldie (eds.), The Cambridge History of Political Thought 1450-1700 (Cambridge, 1991), 20-22.
55. François de Dainville, L'éducation des Jésuites XVI-XVIIIe siècles, ed. Marie-Madeleine Compère (Paris, 1978); Marc Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence (Geneva, 1980), 247-56; Roger Chattier, Marie Madelaine Compère, and Dominique Julia, L'éducation en France du XVIe au XVlIIe siècle (Paris, 1971); George Huppert, Public Schools in Renaissance France (Urbana, Ill., 1984); Anthony Grafton and Lisa Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Europe (London, 1986), 58-82; L. W. B. Brockliss, French Higher Education in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Oxford, 1987); Paul Grendler, Schooling in Renaissance Italy; Literacy and Learning 1300-1600 (Baltimore, 1989). See Quentin Skinner, Foundations, I, 193-212, and see Anthony Grafton, "Humanism and Political Theory," in J. H. Burns and Mark Goldie (eds.), The Cambridge History of Political Thought 1450-1700 (Cambridge, 1991), 20-22.
56. François de Dainville, L'éducation des Jésuites XVI-XVIIIe siècles, ed. Marie-Madeleine Compère (Paris, 1978); Marc Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence (Geneva, 1980), 247-56; Roger Chattier, Marie Madelaine Compère, and Dominique Julia, L'éducation en France du XVIe au XVlIIe siècle (Paris, 1971); George Huppert, Public Schools in Renaissance France (Urbana, Ill., 1984); Anthony Grafton and Lisa Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Europe (London, 1986), 58-82; L. W. B. Brockliss, French Higher Education in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Oxford, 1987); Paul Grendler, Schooling in Renaissance Italy; Literacy and Learning 1300-1600 (Baltimore, 1989). See Quentin Skinner, Foundations, I, 193-212, and see Anthony Grafton, "Humanism and Political Theory," in J. H. Burns and Mark Goldie (eds.), The Cambridge History of Political Thought 1450-1700 (Cambridge, 1991), 20-22.
57. François de Dainville, L'éducation des Jésuites XVI-XVIIIe siècles, ed. Marie-Madeleine Compère (Paris, 1978); Marc Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence (Geneva, 1980), 247-56; Roger Chattier, Marie Madelaine Compère, and Dominique Julia, L'éducation en France du XVIe au XVlIIe siècle (Paris, 1971); George Huppert, Public Schools in Renaissance France (Urbana, Ill., 1984); Anthony Grafton and Lisa Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Europe (London, 1986), 58-82; L. W. B. Brockliss, French Higher Education in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Oxford, 1987); Paul Grendler, Schooling in Renaissance Italy; Literacy and Learning 1300-1600 (Baltimore, 1989). See Quentin Skinner, Foundations, I, 193-212, and see Anthony Grafton, "Humanism and Political Theory," in J. H. Burns and Mark Goldie (eds.), The Cambridge History of Political Thought 1450-1700 (Cambridge, 1991), 20-22.
58. François de Dainville, L'éducation des Jésuites XVI-XVIIIe siècles, ed. Marie-Madeleine Compère (Paris, 1978); Marc Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence (Geneva, 1980), 247-56; Roger Chattier, Marie Madelaine Compère, and Dominique Julia, L'éducation en France du XVIe au XVlIIe siècle (Paris, 1971); George Huppert, Public Schools in Renaissance France (Urbana, Ill., 1984); Anthony Grafton and Lisa Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Europe (London, 1986), 58-82; L. W. B. Brockliss, French Higher Education in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Oxford, 1987); Paul Grendler, Schooling in Renaissance Italy; Literacy and Learning 1300-1600 (Baltimore, 1989). See Quentin Skinner, Foundations, I, 193-212, and see Anthony Grafton, "Humanism and Political Theory," in J. H. Burns and Mark Goldie (eds.), The Cambridge History of Political Thought 1450-1700 (Cambridge, 1991), 20-22.
59. François de Dainville, L'éducation des Jésuites XVI-XVIIIe siècles, ed. Marie-Madeleine Compère (Paris, 1978); Marc Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence (Geneva, 1980), 247-56; Roger Chattier, Marie Madelaine Compère, and Dominique Julia, L'éducation en France du XVIe au XVlIIe siècle (Paris, 1971); George Huppert, Public Schools in Renaissance France (Urbana, Ill., 1984); Anthony Grafton and Lisa Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities: Education and the Liberal Arts in Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Europe (London, 1986), 58-82; L. W. B. Brockliss, French Higher Education in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Oxford, 1987); Paul Grendler, Schooling in Renaissance Italy; Literacy and Learning 1300-1600 (Baltimore, 1989). See Quentin Skinner, Foundations, I, 193-212, and see Anthony Grafton, "Humanism and Political Theory," in J. H. Burns and Mark Goldie (eds.), The Cambridge History of Political Thought 1450-1700 (Cambridge, 1991), 20-22.
60. See Skinner, "Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas," History and Theory, 8 (1969), 3-53; David Boucher, Texts in Context: Revisionist Methods for Studying the History of Ideas (The Hague, 1985).
61. See Skinner, "Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas," History and Theory, 8 (1969), 3-53; David Boucher, Texts in Context: Revisionist Methods for Studying the History of Ideas (The Hague, 1985).
62. See Lisa Jardine, Erasmus, Man of Letters: The Construction of Charisma in Print (Princeton, 1983); Francis Goyet, Le sublime du "lieu commun": l'invention rhétorique dans l'antiquité et à la Renaissance (Paris, 1996), Ann Moss, Printed Commonplace Books and the Structuring of Renaissance Thought (Oxford, 1996), and Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature.
63. See Lisa Jardine, Erasmus, Man of Letters: The Construction of Charisma in Print (Princeton, 1983); Francis Goyet, Le sublime du "lieu commun": l'invention rhétorique dans l'antiquité et à la Renaissance (Paris, 1996), Ann Moss, Printed Commonplace Books and the Structuring of Renaissance Thought (Oxford, 1996), and Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature.
64. See Lisa Jardine, Erasmus, Man of Letters: The Construction of Charisma in Print (Princeton, 1983); Francis Goyet, Le sublime du "lieu commun": l'invention rhétorique dans l'antiquité et à la Renaissance (Paris, 1996), Ann Moss, Printed Commonplace Books and the Structuring of Renaissance Thought (Oxford, 1996), and Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature.
65. See Lisa Jardine, Erasmus, Man of Letters: The Construction of Charisma in Print (Princeton, 1983); Francis Goyet, Le sublime du "lieu commun": l'invention rhétorique dans l'antiquité et à la Renaissance (Paris, 1996), Ann Moss, Printed Commonplace Books and the Structuring of Renaissance Thought (Oxford, 1996), and Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature.
66. stGerman edition, Basel, 1939; New York, 1978), and Pierre Bourdieu, Le sens pratique (Paris, 1980), 91-92. Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, La mentalité primitive (Paris, 1922); and Roger Chattier, "Intellectual History or Socio-cultural History?" in Dominick LaCapra and Steven Kaplan (eds.), Modern European Intellectual History .-Reappraisals and New Perspectives (Ithaca, N.Y., 1982), 13-46 at 19.
67. stGerman edition, Basel, 1939; New York, 1978), and Pierre Bourdieu, Le sens pratique (Paris, 1980), 91-92. Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, La mentalité primitive (Paris, 1922); and Roger Chattier, "Intellectual History or Socio-cultural History?" in Dominick LaCapra and Steven Kaplan (eds.), Modern European Intellectual History .-Reappraisals and New Perspectives (Ithaca, N.Y., 1982), 13-46 at 19.
68. stGerman edition, Basel, 1939; New York, 1978), and Pierre Bourdieu, Le sens pratique (Paris, 1980), 91-92. Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, La mentalité primitive (Paris, 1922); and Roger Chattier, "Intellectual History or Socio-cultural History?" in Dominick LaCapra and Steven Kaplan (eds.), Modern European Intellectual History .-Reappraisals and New Perspectives (Ithaca, N.Y., 1982), 13-46 at 19.
69. stGerman edition, Basel, 1939; New York, 1978), and Pierre Bourdieu, Le sens pratique (Paris, 1980), 91-92. Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, La mentalité primitive (Paris, 1922); and Roger Chattier, "Intellectual History or Socio-cultural History?" in Dominick LaCapra and Steven Kaplan (eds.), Modern European Intellectual History .-Reappraisals and New Perspectives (Ithaca, N.Y., 1982), 13-46 at 19.
70. Peter Burke, The Sociology of Knowledge: From Gutenberg to Diderot (Cambridge, 2000), 83.
71. See J. Chomarat, Grammaire et rhetorique chez Erasme (2 vols.; Paris, 1981), 1, 262, and Marc Fumaroli, "Introduction," Histoire de la rhétorique dans l'Europe moderne (Paris, 1999), 1-17.
72. See J. Chomarat, Grammaire et rhetorique chez Erasme (2 vols.; Paris, 1981), 1, 262, and Marc Fumaroli, "Introduction," Histoire de la rhétorique dans l'Europe moderne (Paris, 1999), 1-17.
73. Jean de Silhon, De la certitude des connaissances humaines (Paris, 1661), 76: "En un mot la Logique bien entenduë engendre la bonne & la véritable Eloquence, ou plustost n'est que l'Eloquence mesme, quand elle est parée & embellie; Cette Eloquence dis-je qui plaist & qui force: qui donnee la couleur & le mouvement qu'on veut aux affaires, & qui regne par tout où elle se monstre, dans les conseils des Princes, dans les assemblées populaires, & dans les societez raisonnables."
74. See Brian Vickers, In Defense of Rhetoric (Oxford, 1988); and Grafton and Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities, 5; Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence, 1980; James J. Murphy (ed.), Renaissance Eloquence: Studies in the Theory and Practice of Renaissance (Berkeley, 1983); Fumaroli, Histoire de la rhétorique, 1999.
75. See Brian Vickers, In Defense of Rhetoric (Oxford, 1988); and Grafton and Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities, 5; Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence, 1980; James J. Murphy (ed.), Renaissance Eloquence: Studies in the Theory and Practice of Renaissance (Berkeley, 1983); Fumaroli, Histoire de la rhétorique, 1999.
76. See Brian Vickers, In Defense of Rhetoric (Oxford, 1988); and Grafton and Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities, 5; Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence, 1980; James J. Murphy (ed.), Renaissance Eloquence: Studies in the Theory and Practice of Renaissance (Berkeley, 1983); Fumaroli, Histoire de la rhétorique, 1999.
77. See Brian Vickers, In Defense of Rhetoric (Oxford, 1988); and Grafton and Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities, 5; Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence, 1980; James J. Murphy (ed.), Renaissance Eloquence: Studies in the Theory and Practice of Renaissance (Berkeley, 1983); Fumaroli, Histoire de la rhétorique, 1999.
78. See Brian Vickers, In Defense of Rhetoric (Oxford, 1988); and Grafton and Jardine, From Humanism to the Humanities, 5; Fumaroli, L'âge de l'éloquence, 1980; James J. Murphy (ed.), Renaissance Eloquence: Studies in the Theory and Practice of Renaissance (Berkeley, 1983); Fumaroli, Histoire de la rhétorique, 1999.
79. st French edition, Paris, 1998; New York, 2001).
80. Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Enquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, tr. Thomas Burger and Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge, Mass., 1989); Hélène Merlin, Public et littérature en France au XVIIe siècle (Paris, 1994); Marc Fumaroli, "The Republic of Letters," Diogenes, 143 (1998), 129-52; H. Bots and Françoise Waquet La République des lettres (Paris, 1997); and Ann Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters 1680-1750 (New Haven, 1995).
81. Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Enquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, tr. Thomas Burger and Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge, Mass., 1989); Hélène Merlin, Public et littérature en France au XVIIe siècle (Paris, 1994); Marc Fumaroli, "The Republic of Letters," Diogenes, 143 (1998), 129-52; H. Bots and Françoise Waquet La République des lettres (Paris, 1997); and Ann Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters 1680-1750 (New Haven, 1995).
82. Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Enquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, tr. Thomas Burger and Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge, Mass., 1989); Hélène Merlin, Public et littérature en France au XVIIe siècle (Paris, 1994); Marc Fumaroli, "The Republic of Letters," Diogenes, 143 (1998), 129-52; H. Bots and Françoise Waquet La République des lettres (Paris, 1997); and Ann Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters 1680-1750 (New Haven, 1995).
83. Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Enquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, tr. Thomas Burger and Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge, Mass., 1989); Hélène Merlin, Public et littérature en France au XVIIe siècle (Paris, 1994); Marc Fumaroli, "The Republic of Letters," Diogenes, 143 (1998), 129-52; H. Bots and Françoise Waquet La République des lettres (Paris, 1997); and Ann Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters 1680-1750 (New Haven, 1995).
84. Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Enquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, tr. Thomas Burger and Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge, Mass., 1989); Hélène Merlin, Public et littérature en France au XVIIe siècle (Paris, 1994); Marc Fumaroli, "The Republic of Letters," Diogenes, 143 (1998), 129-52; H. Bots and Françoise Waquet La République des lettres (Paris, 1997); and Ann Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters 1680-1750 (New Haven, 1995).
85. See Mirko Tavoni, Latino, gramatica, volgare: storia di una questione umanistica (Padua, 1984); Paul O. Kristeller, "Humanism," in C. B. Schmidt, Q. Skinner, and E. Kessler (eds.), The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy (Cambridge, 1988), 113-37; also see Nicholas Mann, "The Origins of Humanism," 1-19; Kristian Jensen, "The Humanist Reform of Latin and Latin Teaching," 63-81; and Peter Mack, "Humanist Rhetoric and Dialectic," 82-99, in Jill Kraye (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism (Cambridge, 1996).
86. See Mirko Tavoni, Latino, gramatica, volgare: storia di una questione umanistica (Padua, 1984); Paul O. Kristeller, "Humanism," in C. B. Schmidt, Q. Skinner, and E. Kessler (eds.), The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy (Cambridge, 1988), 113-37; also see Nicholas Mann, "The Origins of Humanism," 1-19; Kristian Jensen, "The Humanist Reform of Latin and Latin Teaching," 63-81; and Peter Mack, "Humanist Rhetoric and Dialectic," 82-99, in Jill Kraye (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism (Cambridge, 1996).
87. See Mirko Tavoni, Latino, gramatica, volgare: storia di una questione umanistica (Padua, 1984); Paul O. Kristeller, "Humanism," in C. B. Schmidt, Q. Skinner, and E. Kessler (eds.), The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy (Cambridge, 1988), 113-37; also see Nicholas Mann, "The Origins of Humanism," 1-19; Kristian Jensen, "The Humanist Reform of Latin and Latin Teaching," 63-81; and Peter Mack, "Humanist Rhetoric and Dialectic," 82-99, in Jill Kraye (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism (Cambridge, 1996).
88. See Mirko Tavoni, Latino, gramatica, volgare: storia di una questione umanistica (Padua, 1984); Paul O. Kristeller, "Humanism," in C. B. Schmidt, Q. Skinner, and E. Kessler (eds.), The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy (Cambridge, 1988), 113-37; also see Nicholas Mann, "The Origins of Humanism," 1-19; Kristian Jensen, "The Humanist Reform of Latin and Latin Teaching," 63-81; and Peter Mack, "Humanist Rhetoric and Dialectic," 82-99, in Jill Kraye (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism (Cambridge, 1996).
89. See Mirko Tavoni, Latino, gramatica, volgare: storia di una questione umanistica (Padua, 1984); Paul O. Kristeller, "Humanism," in C. B. Schmidt, Q. Skinner, and E. Kessler (eds.), The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy (Cambridge, 1988), 113-37; also see Nicholas Mann, "The Origins of Humanism," 1-19; Kristian Jensen, "The Humanist Reform of Latin and Latin Teaching," 63-81; and Peter Mack, "Humanist Rhetoric and Dialectic," 82-99, in Jill Kraye (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism (Cambridge, 1996).
90. Mack, 88.
91. Waquet, Latin, or the Empire of a Sign, 2001, 3.
92. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship, 1970.
93. Alistair Hamilton, "Humanists and the Bible," in Kraye, The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism, 115.
94. Most recently, William Bouwsma has unconvincingly claimed that the Renaissance and historical thinking faded in the seventeenth century: The Waning of the Renaissance 1550-1640 (New Haven, 2000), 198-214.
95. See Levine, Humanism and History; Grafton, Defenders of the Text and The Footnote.
96. See Levine, Humanism and History; Grafton, Defenders of the Text and The Footnote.
97. See R. Chevallier, La Révolution française et l'Antiquité (Tours, 1991) and Aurelio Principato, "L'éloquence révolutionnaire: idéologie et légende," in Fumaroli, Histoire de la rhétorique dans l'Europe moderne, 1999, 1019-35.
98. See R. Chevallier, La Révolution française et l'Antiquité (Tours, 1991) and Aurelio Principato, "L'éloquence révolutionnaire: idéologie et légende," in Fumaroli, Histoire de la rhétorique dans l'Europe moderne, 1999, 1019-35.
99. Waquet, Latin, or the Empire of a Sign, 2001, 29, and see Suzanne Marchand, Down from Olympus: Archeology and Philhellenism in Germany, 1750-1970 (Princeton, 1996).
100. Waquet, Latin, or the Empire of a Sign, 2001, 29, and see Suzanne Marchand, Down from Olympus: Archeology and Philhellenism in Germany, 1750-1970 (Princeton, 1996).