Images as Evidence in Seventeenth-Century Europe

Journal of the History of Ideas

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 273-296

  Burke, Peter ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0141754053     PISSN: 00225037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3654129     Document Type: Review

References (168)

1. Ezekiel Spanheim, Dissertatio de praestantia et usu numismatum antiquorum (Rome, 1664), 97.
2. Annie Laming-Emperaire, Origines de l'archéologie préhistorique en France (Paris, 1964), 77; cf. Alain Schnapp, La conquête du passé: aux origines de l'archéologie (Paris, 1993).
3. Annie Laming-Emperaire, Origines de l'archéologie préhistorique en France (Paris, 1964), 77; cf. Alain Schnapp, La conquête du passé: aux origines de l'archéologie (Paris, 1993).
4. Arnaldo D. Momigliano, ́Ancient History and the Antiquarian, ́ (1950, rpr. Studies in Historiography [London 1966], 1-39); Francis Haskell, History and Its Images (New Haven, 1993); Roberto Weiss, The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity (Oxford, 1969).
5. Arnaldo D. Momigliano, ́Ancient History and the Antiquarian, ́ (1950, rpr. Studies in Historiography [London 1966], 1-39); Francis Haskell, History and Its Images (New Haven, 1993); Roberto Weiss, The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity (Oxford, 1969).
6. Arnaldo D. Momigliano, ́Ancient History and the Antiquarian, ́ (1950, rpr. Studies in Historiography [London 1966], 1-39); Francis Haskell, History and Its Images (New Haven, 1993); Roberto Weiss, The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity (Oxford, 1969).
7. Glyn Daniel, ́Edward Lhwyd: Antiquary and Archaeologist,́ Welsh History Review, 3 (1966-67), 345-59, and Bruce G. Trigger, A History of Archaeological Thought (Cambridge, 1989); Stuart Piggott,́Antiquarian Thought in the 16th and 17th Centuries,́ in English Historical Scholarship, ed. Levi Fox (London, 1956), 93-114; Ole Klindt-Jensen, A History of Scandinavian Archaeology (London, 1975), Schnapp, La conquête, especially 11-12, 275-76, and Ingo Herklotz, Cassiano del Pozzo und die Archäologie des 17. Jhts (Munich, 1999), especially 9-10, 284-306.
8. Glyn Daniel, ́Edward Lhwyd: Antiquary and Archaeologist,́ Welsh History Review, 3 (1966-67), 345-59, and Bruce G. Trigger, A History of Archaeological Thought (Cambridge, 1989); Stuart Piggott,́Antiquarian Thought in the 16th and 17th Centuries,́ in English Historical Scholarship, ed. Levi Fox (London, 1956), 93-114; Ole Klindt-Jensen, A History of Scandinavian Archaeology (London, 1975), Schnapp, La conquête, especially 11-12, 275-76, and Ingo Herklotz, Cassiano del Pozzo und die Archäologie des 17. Jhts (Munich, 1999), especially 9-10, 284-306.
9. Glyn Daniel, ́Edward Lhwyd: Antiquary and Archaeologist,́ Welsh History Review, 3 (1966-67), 345-59, and Bruce G. Trigger, A History of Archaeological Thought (Cambridge, 1989); Stuart Piggott,́Antiquarian Thought in the 16th and 17th Centuries,́ in English Historical Scholarship, ed. Levi Fox (London, 1956), 93-114; Ole Klindt-Jensen, A History of Scandinavian Archaeology (London, 1975), Schnapp, La conquête, especially 11-12, 275-76, and Ingo Herklotz, Cassiano del Pozzo und die Archäologie des 17. Jhts (Munich, 1999), especially 9-10, 284-306.
10. Glyn Daniel, ́Edward Lhwyd: Antiquary and Archaeologist,́ Welsh History Review, 3 (1966-67), 345-59, and Bruce G. Trigger, A History of Archaeological Thought (Cambridge, 1989); Stuart Piggott,́Antiquarian Thought in the 16th and 17th Centuries,́ in English Historical Scholarship, ed. Levi Fox (London, 1956), 93-114; Ole Klindt-Jensen, A History of Scandinavian Archaeology (London, 1975), Schnapp, La conquête, especially 11-12, 275-76, and Ingo Herklotz, Cassiano del Pozzo und die Archäologie des 17. Jhts (Munich, 1999), especially 9-10, 284-306.
11. Glyn Daniel, ́Edward Lhwyd: Antiquary and Archaeologist,́ Welsh History Review, 3 (1966-67), 345-59, and Bruce G. Trigger, A History of Archaeological Thought (Cambridge, 1989); Stuart Piggott,́Antiquarian Thought in the 16th and 17th Centuries,́ in English Historical Scholarship, ed. Levi Fox (London, 1956), 93-114; Ole Klindt-Jensen, A History of Scandinavian Archaeology (London, 1975), Schnapp, La conquête, especially 11-12, 275-76, and Ingo Herklotz, Cassiano del Pozzo und die Archäologie des 17. Jhts (Munich, 1999), especially 9-10, 284-306.
12. Glyn Daniel, ́Edward Lhwyd: Antiquary and Archaeologist,́ Welsh History Review, 3 (1966-67), 345-59, and Bruce G. Trigger, A History of Archaeological Thought (Cambridge, 1989); Stuart Piggott,́Antiquarian Thought in the 16th and 17th Centuries,́ in English Historical Scholarship, ed. Levi Fox (London, 1956), 93-114; Ole Klindt-Jensen, A History of Scandinavian Archaeology (London, 1975), Schnapp, La conquête, especially 11-12, 275-76, and Ingo Herklotz, Cassiano del Pozzo und die Archäologie des 17. Jhts (Munich, 1999), especially 9-10, 284-306.
13. Jacques Spon, Miscellanea erudita antiquitatis (Lyon, 1685), preface.
14. Simon Keynes, ́The Discovery and First Publication of the Alfred Jewel,́ Somerset Archaeology and Natural History, 136 (1992), 1-8; Joseph M. Levine, ́The Stonesfield Pavement: Archaeology in Augustan England,́ Eighteenth-Century Studies, 11 (1977-78), 340-60.
15. Simon Keynes, ́The Discovery and First Publication of the Alfred Jewel,́ Somerset Archaeology and Natural History, 136 (1992), 1-8; Joseph M. Levine, ́The Stonesfield Pavement: Archaeology in Augustan England,́ Eighteenth-Century Studies, 11 (1977-78), 340-60.
16. Daniel, ́Lhwyd.́
17. Ian Hacking, The Emergence of Probability (Cambridge, 1975); Barbara Shapiro, A Culture of Fact: England, 1550-1720 (Ithaca, 2000); Richard W. Serjeantson, ́Testimony and Proof in Early Modern England,́ Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 30 (1999), 195236.
18. Ian Hacking, The Emergence of Probability (Cambridge, 1975); Barbara Shapiro, A Culture of Fact: England, 1550-1720 (Ithaca, 2000); Richard W. Serjeantson, ́Testimony and Proof in Early Modern England,́ Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 30 (1999), 195236.
19. Ian Hacking, The Emergence of Probability (Cambridge, 1975); Barbara Shapiro, A Culture of Fact: England, 1550-1720 (Ithaca, 2000); Richard W. Serjeantson, ́Testimony and Proof in Early Modern England,́ Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 30 (1999), 195236.
20. Giacomo Menochio, De praesumptionibus, coniecturis, signis et indiciis (Lyon, 1588); Giuseppe Mascardi, De probationibus (3 vols.; Frankfort 1593), especially I, 23-25.
21. Giacomo Menochio, De praesumptionibus, coniecturis, signis et indiciis (Lyon, 1588); Giuseppe Mascardi, De probationibus (3 vols.; Frankfort 1593), especially I, 23-25.
22. Quoted in Michael Baxandall, Giotto and the Orators (Oxford, 1971), 80-81. Cf. Haskell, History, 90-92, and Patricia F. Brown, Venice and Antiquity (New Haven, 1996), 76-77.
23. Quoted in Michael Baxandall, Giotto and the Orators (Oxford, 1971), 80-81. Cf. Haskell, History, 90-92, and Patricia F. Brown, Venice and Antiquity (New Haven, 1996), 76-77.
24. Quoted in Michael Baxandall, Giotto and the Orators (Oxford, 1971), 80-81. Cf. Haskell, History, 90-92, and Patricia F. Brown, Venice and Antiquity (New Haven, 1996), 76-77.
25. Momigliano, ́Ancient History.́
26. Sebastiano Erizzo, Discorso sopra le medaglie de gli antichi (Venice, 1568, [1555]), 2.
27. Agustín quoted in Momigliano, ́Ancient History,́ 16; and see Michael H. Crawford (ed.), Antonio Agustín between Renaissance and Counter-Reform (London, 1993).
28. Spanheim, Dissertatio, 96-97.
29. Jacques Spon, Recherche des antiquités et curiosités de la ville de Lyon (Lyon, 1673), preface; Mascardi quoted in Haskel, History, 94.
30. Jacques Spon, Recherche des antiquités et curiosités de la ville de Lyon (Lyon, 1673), preface; Mascardi quoted in Haskel, History, 94.
31. John Evelyn, A Discourse on Medals (London, 1697), 243.
32. Ottavio Ferrari, De re vestiaria libri vii (1642); Albert Rubens, De re vestiaria veterum (Antwerp, 1665).
33. Ottavio Ferrari, De re vestiaria libri vii (1642); Albert Rubens, De re vestiaria veterum (Antwerp, 1665).
34. 18 Lazare de Baïf, De re navali (1536); Johann Scheffer, De militia navali veterum libri iv (Uppsala, 1654); Herklotz, Cassiano, 166-72, 179-80.
35. 18 Lazare de Baïf, De re navali (1536); Johann Scheffer, De militia navali veterum libri iv (Uppsala, 1654); Herklotz, Cassiano, 166-72, 179-80.
36. 18 Lazare de Baïf, De re navali (1536); Johann Scheffer, De militia navali veterum libri iv (Uppsala, 1654); Herklotz, Cassiano, 166-72, 179-80.
37. Lilio Giraldi, De sepulchris (1539); Johan Kirchmann, De funeribus romanorum libri iv (Lübeck, 1636); Thomas Browne, Hydriotaphia: Urn Burial; or, a Discourse of the Sepulchral Urns lately found in Norfolk (1658: in Religio Medici [London 1906], 91-139); and see Stuart Piggott, ́Sir Thomas Browne and Antiquity,́ Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 7 (1988), 257-70.
38. Lilio Giraldi, De sepulchris (1539); Johan Kirchmann, De funeribus romanorum libri iv (Lübeck, 1636); Thomas Browne, Hydriotaphia: Urn Burial; or, a Discourse of the Sepulchral Urns lately found in Norfolk (1658: in Religio Medici [London 1906], 91-139); and see Stuart Piggott, ́Sir Thomas Browne and Antiquity,́ Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 7 (1988), 257-70.
39. Lilio Giraldi, De sepulchris (1539); Johan Kirchmann, De funeribus romanorum libri iv (Lübeck, 1636); Thomas Browne, Hydriotaphia: Urn Burial; or, a Discourse of the Sepulchral Urns lately found in Norfolk (1658: in Religio Medici [London 1906], 91-139); and see Stuart Piggott, ́Sir Thomas Browne and Antiquity,́ Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 7 (1988), 257-70.
40. Lilio Giraldi, De sepulchris (1539); Johan Kirchmann, De funeribus romanorum libri iv (Lübeck, 1636); Thomas Browne, Hydriotaphia: Urn Burial; or, a Discourse of the Sepulchral Urns lately found in Norfolk (1658: in Religio Medici [London 1906], 91-139); and see Stuart Piggott, ́Sir Thomas Browne and Antiquity,́ Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 7 (1988), 257-70.
41. Johann Kirchmann, De annulis (1623; Leiden 1672, 2); Fortuni Liceto, De anulis antiquis (1645); Thomas Bartholin, De armillis veterum (Copenhagen, 1647); Johan G. Scheffer, De antiquorum torquibus (Stockholm, 1656); Giorgio Longo, De annulis signatoris antiquorum (Leiden, 1672).
42. Johann Kirchmann, De annulis (1623; Leiden 1672, 2); Fortuni Liceto, De anulis antiquis (1645); Thomas Bartholin, De armillis veterum (Copenhagen, 1647); Johan G. Scheffer, De antiquorum torquibus (Stockholm, 1656); Giorgio Longo, De annulis signatoris antiquorum (Leiden, 1672).
43. Johann Kirchmann, De annulis (1623; Leiden 1672, 2); Fortuni Liceto, De anulis antiquis (1645); Thomas Bartholin, De armillis veterum (Copenhagen, 1647); Johan G. Scheffer, De antiquorum torquibus (Stockholm, 1656); Giorgio Longo, De annulis signatoris antiquorum (Leiden, 1672).
44. Johann Kirchmann, De annulis (1623; Leiden 1672, 2); Fortuni Liceto, De anulis antiquis (1645); Thomas Bartholin, De armillis veterum (Copenhagen, 1647); Johan G. Scheffer, De antiquorum torquibus (Stockholm, 1656); Giorgio Longo, De annulis signatoris antiquorum (Leiden, 1672).
45. Johann Kirchmann, De annulis (1623; Leiden 1672, 2); Fortuni Liceto, De anulis antiquis (1645); Thomas Bartholin, De armillis veterum (Copenhagen, 1647); Johan G. Scheffer, De antiquorum torquibus (Stockholm, 1656); Giorgio Longo, De annulis signatoris antiquorum (Leiden, 1672).
46. Robert Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy (3 vols.; London, 1932 [1620]), I, 113. Pedro Chacón, De triclinio romano (Rome, 1588); cf. Anthony Blunt, ́The Triclinium in Religious Art,́ Journal of the Warburg Institute, 2 (1938-39), 271-76; Herklotz, Cassiano, 295-99.
47. Robert Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy (3 vols.; London, 1932 [1620]), I, 113. Pedro Chacón, De triclinio romano (Rome, 1588); cf. Anthony Blunt, ́The Triclinium in Religious Art,́ Journal of the Warburg Institute, 2 (1938-39), 271-76; Herklotz, Cassiano, 295-99.
48. Robert Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy (3 vols.; London, 1932 [1620]), I, 113. Pedro Chacón, De triclinio romano (Rome, 1588); cf. Anthony Blunt, ́The Triclinium in Religious Art,́ Journal of the Warburg Institute, 2 (1938-39), 271-76; Herklotz, Cassiano, 295-99.
49. Robert Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy (3 vols.; London, 1932 [1620]), I, 113. Pedro Chacón, De triclinio romano (Rome, 1588); cf. Anthony Blunt, ́The Triclinium in Religious Art,́ Journal of the Warburg Institute, 2 (1938-39), 271-76; Herklotz, Cassiano, 295-99.
50. Joseph Addison, Dialogues upon the Usefulness of Ancient Medals (London, 1726), 16-17.
51. Lorenzo Pignoria, De servis (Augsburg, 1613), 22.
52. Onofrio Panvinio, De ludis circensibus libri ii (Venice, 1600); cf. Federico Taviani (ed.), La commedia dell'arte e la società barocca (Rome, 1970), li, and Jean-Louis Ferrary, Onofrio Panvinio et les antiquités romaines (Rome, 1996).
53. Onofrio Panvinio, De ludis circensibus libri ii (Venice, 1600); cf. Federico Taviani (ed.), La commedia dell'arte e la società barocca (Rome, 1970), li, and Jean-Louis Ferrary, Onofrio Panvinio et les antiquités romaines (Rome, 1996).
54. Onofrio Panvinio, De ludis circensibus libri ii (Venice, 1600); cf. Federico Taviani (ed.), La commedia dell'arte e la società barocca (Rome, 1970), li, and Jean-Louis Ferrary, Onofrio Panvinio et les antiquités romaines (Rome, 1996).
55. Franciscus Junius, Depictura veterum (1636); and see Rolf H. Bremmer Jr (ed.), Franciscus Junius and his Circle (Amsterdam and Atlanta, 1998).
56. Franciscus Junius, Depictura veterum (1636); and see Rolf H. Bremmer Jr (ed.), Franciscus Junius and his Circle (Amsterdam and Atlanta, 1998).
57. 2); cf. Gerhard Oestreich, Neostoicism and the Early Modern State (Cambridge, 1982), 76-89.
58. 2); cf. Gerhard Oestreich, Neostoicism and the Early Modern State (Cambridge, 1982), 76-89.
59. Kirchmann, De funeribus; Johannes Meursius, De ludis graecorum (Leiden, 1622); Elias Schedius, De dis Germanis (Amsterdam, 1648).
60. Kirchmann, De funeribus; Johannes Meursius, De ludis graecorum (Leiden, 1622); Elias Schedius, De dis Germanis (Amsterdam, 1648).
61. Kirchmann, De funeribus; Johannes Meursius, De ludis graecorum (Leiden, 1622); Elias Schedius, De dis Germanis (Amsterdam, 1648).
62. J. H. Jongkees, Fulvio Orsini's Imagines and the Portrait of Aristotle (Gioningen, 1960).
63. Elizabeth Cropper and Charles Dempsey, Nicolas Poussin: Friendship and the Love of Painting (Princeton, 1996); Herklotz, Cassiano.
64. Elizabeth Cropper and Charles Dempsey, Nicolas Poussin: Friendship and the Love of Painting (Princeton, 1996); Herklotz, Cassiano.
65. 2), 4n.
66. Guillaume Du Choul, Discours sur la castrametation et discipline militaire des Romains (Lyon, 1557); Justus Lipsius, Poliorceticon (Antwerp, 1599, 2), 32.
67. Guillaume Du Choul, Discours sur la castrametation et discipline militaire des Romains (Lyon, 1557); Justus Lipsius, Poliorceticon (Antwerp, 1599, 2), 32.
68. Alfonso Chacón, Historia utriusque belli dacici (Rome, 1576); cf Haskell, History, 93, and Herklotz, Cassiano, 222-27, 257-60.
69. Alfonso Chacón, Historia utriusque belli dacici (Rome, 1576); cf Haskell, History, 93, and Herklotz, Cassiano, 222-27, 257-60.
70. Alfonso Chacón, Historia utriusque belli dacici (Rome, 1576); cf Haskell, History, 93, and Herklotz, Cassiano, 222-27, 257-60.
71. GianPietro Bellori and Pietro Sante Bartoli, Colonna Traiana (Rome, 1673).
72. Raffaello Fabretti, De columna traiani syntagma (Rome, 1683), 2, 51, 53, 92, 204; Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, sub voce.
73. Raffaello Fabretti, De columna traiani syntagma (Rome, 1683), 2, 51, 53, 92, 204; Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, sub voce.
74. Justus Lipsius, De cruce (Antwerp, 1593); Thomas Bartholin, De cruce Christi (Amsterdam, 1670).
75. Justus Lipsius, De cruce (Antwerp, 1593); Thomas Bartholin, De cruce Christi (Amsterdam, 1670).
76. Cesare Baronio, Annales ecclesiastici (Rome, 1588), A. D. 130, and see Haskell, History, 102-11.
77. Cesare Baronio, Annales ecclesiastici (Rome, 1588), A. D. 130, and see Haskell, History, 102-11.
78. Antonio Bosio, Roma Sotterranea (Rome, 1632).
79. William Perkins, A Reformed Catholic (London, 1617), 141.
80. Bosio, Roma, especially Book 4, chapter 5. Cf Louis Maimbourg, Histoire de l'hérésie de l'iconoclasme (Paris, 1674).
81. Bosio, Roma, especially Book 4, chapter 5. Cf Louis Maimbourg, Histoire de l'hérésie de l'iconoclasme (Paris, 1674).
82. Simon Ditchfield, ́Text before Trowel: Antonio Bosio's Roma Sotterranea Revisited,́ Studies in Church History, 33 (1997), 343-60.
83. Haskell, History, 106.
84. Eric Iversen, The Myth of Egypt and its Hieroglyphs in European Tradition (Princeton, 19932); Sydney H. Aufrère, La momie et la tempête: Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc et la curiosité egyptienne en Provence au début du 17e siècle (Avignon, 1990).
85. Eric Iversen, The Myth of Egypt and its Hieroglyphs in European Tradition (Princeton, 19932); Sydney H. Aufrère, La momie et la tempête: Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc et la curiosité egyptienne en Provence au début du 17e siècle (Avignon, 1990).
86. Benito Arias Montano, Antiquitates Judaicae (Leiden, 1593); John Seiden, De diis syriis (London, 1617); Samuel Bochart, Phaleg (Caen, 1646).
87. Benito Arias Montano, Antiquitates Judaicae (Leiden, 1593); John Seiden, De diis syriis (London, 1617); Samuel Bochart, Phaleg (Caen, 1646).
88. Benito Arias Montano, Antiquitates Judaicae (Leiden, 1593); John Seiden, De diis syriis (London, 1617); Samuel Bochart, Phaleg (Caen, 1646).
89. Lorenzo Pignoria, ́Discorso,́ in Vincenzo Cartari, Imagini degli Dei delli antichi (Padua, 1626); cf. Caterina Volpi, ́Lorenzo Pignoria,́ Nouvelles de la République de Lettres, 2 (1992), 71-118.
90. Lorenzo Pignoria, ́Discorso,́ in Vincenzo Cartari, Imagini degli Dei delli antichi (Padua, 1626); cf. Caterina Volpi, ́Lorenzo Pignoria,́ Nouvelles de la République de Lettres, 2 (1992), 71-118.
91. Johannes Nordström, De yverbornes Ö (Stockholm, 1949); Kurt Johannesson; The Renaissance of the Goths in Sixteenth-Century Sweden, tr. James Larson (Berkeley, 1991); Stanislaw Cynarski, ́The Shape of Sarmatian Ideology in Poland,́ Acta Poloniae Historica, 19 (1968), 5-17.
92. Johannes Nordström, De yverbornes Ö (Stockholm, 1949); Kurt Johannesson; The Renaissance of the Goths in Sixteenth-Century Sweden, tr. James Larson (Berkeley, 1991); Stanislaw Cynarski, ́The Shape of Sarmatian Ideology in Poland,́ Acta Poloniae Historica, 19 (1968), 5-17.
93. Johannes Nordström, De yverbornes Ö (Stockholm, 1949); Kurt Johannesson; The Renaissance of the Goths in Sixteenth-Century Sweden, tr. James Larson (Berkeley, 1991); Stanislaw Cynarski, ́The Shape of Sarmatian Ideology in Poland,́ Acta Poloniae Historica, 19 (1968), 5-17.
94. Stuart Piggott, Ancient Britons and the Antiquarian Imagination (London, 1989); Graham Parry, The Trophies of Time: English Antiquarians of the Seventeenth Century (Oxford, 1995), 281-87.
95. Stuart Piggott, Ancient Britons and the Antiquarian Imagination (London, 1989); Graham Parry, The Trophies of Time: English Antiquarians of the Seventeenth Century (Oxford, 1995), 281-87.
96. Piggott, ́Browné; Parry, Trophies, 249-58. Cf. Hans Gummel, Forschungsgeschichte in Deutschland (Berlin, 1938), 26-33, 101.
97. Piggott, ́Browné; Parry, Trophies, 249-58. Cf. Hans Gummel, Forschungsgeschichte in Deutschland (Berlin, 1938), 26-33, 101.
98. Piggott, ́Browné; Parry, Trophies, 249-58. Cf. Hans Gummel, Forschungsgeschichte in Deutschland (Berlin, 1938), 26-33, 101.
99. Hunter, ́Royal Societý; Klindt-Jensen, Archaeology; Daniel, ́Lhwyd,́ 353.
100. Hunter, ́Royal Societý; Klindt-Jensen, Archaeology; Daniel, ́Lhwyd,́ 353.
101. Hunter, ́Royal Societý; Klindt-Jensen, Archaeology; Daniel, ́Lhwyd,́ 353.
102. Sten Lindroth, Svensk Lärdomshistoria: Stormaktstiden (Stockholm, 1975), 235-348; and see Klindt-Jensen, Archaeology, and Schnapp, La conquête, 156-67, 199-201.
103. Sten Lindroth, Svensk Lärdomshistoria: Stormaktstiden (Stockholm, 1975), 235-348; and see Klindt-Jensen, Archaeology, and Schnapp, La conquête, 156-67, 199-201.
104. Sten Lindroth, Svensk Lärdomshistoria: Stormaktstiden (Stockholm, 1975), 235-348; and see Klindt-Jensen, Archaeology, and Schnapp, La conquête, 156-67, 199-201.
105. On Worm, Dansk Biogrqfisk Leksikon (Copenhagen, 1979), sub voce; Klindt-Jensen, Archaeology; Schnapp, La conquête, 160-67.
106. On Worm, Dansk Biogrqfisk Leksikon (Copenhagen, 1979), sub voce; Klindt-Jensen, Archaeology; Schnapp, La conquête, 160-67.
107. On Worm, Dansk Biogrqfisk Leksikon (Copenhagen, 1979), sub voce; Klindt-Jensen, Archaeology; Schnapp, La conquête, 160-67.
108. Fritz Wagner, Die politische Bedeutung des Childerich-Grabfundes von 1653 (Munich, 1973).
109. Browne, Hydrtotaphia, 107. Cf. Edward James, The Franks (Oxford, 1988), 58-67.
110. Browne, Hydrtotaphia, 107. Cf. Edward James, The Franks (Oxford, 1988), 58-67.
111. Jean-Jacques Chifflet, De linteis sepulchralibus Christi (Antwerp, 1624).
112. Chifflet, De ampulla remensi (Antwerp, 1651), 56, 74.
113. Chifflet, Anastasis Childerici I Francorum Regis (Antwerp, 1655), 113.
114. Schnapp, La conquête, 204.
115. Chifflet, Anastasis, 204, 209.
116. Francesco Bianchini, La istoria universale provata con monumenti (Rome, 1697).
117. Bernard de Montfaucon, Antiquité expliquée (10 vols, in 15; Paris, 1719-24), II, 82; III, 294; vol. IV, 22, 32-33, 98-112, 143-45, and see Haskell, History, 131-35.
118. Bernard de Montfaucon, Antiquité expliquée (10 vols, in 15; Paris, 1719-24), II, 82; III, 294; vol. IV, 22, 32-33, 98-112, 143-45, and see Haskell, History, 131-35.
119. Bernard de Montfaucon, Les Monumens de la Monarchie Françoise (5 vols.; Paris, 1729-33), I, 371-74; Haskell, History, 138-44.
120. Bernard de Montfaucon, Les Monumens de la Monarchie Françoise (5 vols.; Paris, 1729-33), I, 371-74; Haskell, History, 138-44.
121. Monfaucon, Monumens, vol. I, 8-16. On the buckle, see James, Franks, 61.
122. Monfaucon, Monumens, vol. I, 8-16. On the buckle, see James, Franks, 61.
123. 2), and Julio Caro Baroja, Las falsiftcaciones de la historia (Madrid, 1992).
124. 2), and Julio Caro Baroja, Las falsiftcaciones de la historia (Madrid, 1992).
125. 2), and Julio Caro Baroja, Las falsiftcaciones de la historia (Madrid, 1992).
126. 2), and Julio Caro Baroja, Las falsiftcaciones de la historia (Madrid, 1992).
127. 2); Lukas Holsten, Vetus pictura nymphaeum referens explicata (Rome, 1676).
128. 2); Lukas Holsten, Vetus pictura nymphaeum referens explicata (Rome, 1676).
129. 2); Lukas Holsten, Vetus pictura nymphaeum referens explicata (Rome, 1676).
130. 2); Lukas Holsten, Vetus pictura nymphaeum referens explicata (Rome, 1676).
131. 2); Lukas Holsten, Vetus pictura nymphaeum referens explicata (Rome, 1676).
132. 2); Lukas Holsten, Vetus pictura nymphaeum referens explicata (Rome, 1676).
133. 2); Lukas Holsten, Vetus pictura nymphaeum referens explicata (Rome, 1676).
134. Bosio, Roma; cf. Haskell, History, 107.
135. Bosio, Roma; cf. Haskell, History, 107.
136. Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny, Taste and the Antique (New Haven, Conn., 1981), 252-55; Haskell, History, 115.
137. Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny, Taste and the Antique (New Haven, Conn., 1981), 252-55; Haskell, History, 115.
138. Ole Klindt-Jensen, ́Archaeology and Ethnography in Denmark: Early Studies,́ in Towards a History of Archaeology, ed. Glyn Daniel (London, 1981), 14-19; Lhwyd quoted in Piggott, ́AntiquarianThought,́ 111.
139. Ole Klindt-Jensen, ́Archaeology and Ethnography in Denmark: Early Studies,́ in Towards a History of Archaeology, ed. Glyn Daniel (London, 1981), 14-19; Lhwyd quoted in Piggott, ́AntiquarianThought,́ 111.
140. Shapiio, Fact, 51-53.
141. Stuart Piggott, William Camden and the Britannia (London, 1953).
142. Quoted in Michael Hunter, John Aubrey and the Realm of Learning (London, 1975), 180, 183.
143. Momigliano, ́Ancient Historý; Judith Shklar, ́Jean D'Alembert and the Rehabilitation of History,́ JHI, 42 (1981), 643-64; Peter Burke, ́Two Crises of Historical Consciousness,́ Storia della Storiografia, 33 (1998), 3-16.
144. Momigliano, ́Ancient Historý; Judith Shklar, ́Jean D'Alembert and the Rehabilitation of History,́ JHI, 42 (1981), 643-64; Peter Burke, ́Two Crises of Historical Consciousness,́ Storia della Storiografia, 33 (1998), 3-16.
145. Momigliano, ́Ancient Historý; Judith Shklar, ́Jean D'Alembert and the Rehabilitation of History,́ JHI, 42 (1981), 643-64; Peter Burke, ́Two Crises of Historical Consciousness,́ Storia della Storiografia, 33 (1998), 3-16.
146. Stuart Piggott, Antiquity Depicted: Aspects of Archaeological Illustration (London, 1978), 27, 35.
147. Parry, Trophies, 232-38.
148. Philipp Fehl, ́Access to the Ancients,́ in Bremmer, Junius, 35-70, at 35, 42, 44-45.
149. William J. Bouwsma, ́Lawyers and Early Modern Culture,́ in A Usable Past: Essays in European Cultural History (Berkeley, 1990), 129-53.
150. Samuel Rocheblave, Essai sur le comte de Caylus (Paris, 1889), 253; Momigliano, ́Ancient History.́ Cf. Carlo Ginzburg, ́Clues: Roots of an Evidential Paradigḿ in his Myths, Emblems, Clues, tr. John and Ann Tedeschi (London, 1990), 96-125; Arnaldo Momigliano, ́La storia tra medicina e retorica,́ in his Tra storia e storicismo (Pisa, 1985), 11-24; and, since this essay was written, Ian Maclean, Logic, Signs and Nature in the Renaissance: The Case of Learned Medicine (Cambridge, 2002).
151. Samuel Rocheblave, Essai sur le comte de Caylus (Paris, 1889), 253; Momigliano, ́Ancient History.́ Cf. Carlo Ginzburg, ́Clues: Roots of an Evidential Paradigḿ in his Myths, Emblems, Clues, tr. John and Ann Tedeschi (London, 1990), 96-125; Arnaldo Momigliano, ́La storia tra medicina e retorica,́ in his Tra storia e storicismo (Pisa, 1985), 11-24; and, since this essay was written, Ian Maclean, Logic, Signs and Nature in the Renaissance: The Case of Learned Medicine (Cambridge, 2002).
152. Samuel Rocheblave, Essai sur le comte de Caylus (Paris, 1889), 253; Momigliano, ́Ancient History.́ Cf. Carlo Ginzburg, ́Clues: Roots of an Evidential Paradigḿ in his Myths, Emblems, Clues, tr. John and Ann Tedeschi (London, 1990), 96-125; Arnaldo Momigliano, ́La storia tra medicina e retorica,́ in his Tra storia e storicismo (Pisa, 1985), 11-24; and, since this essay was written, Ian Maclean, Logic, Signs and Nature in the Renaissance: The Case of Learned Medicine (Cambridge, 2002).
153. Samuel Rocheblave, Essai sur le comte de Caylus (Paris, 1889), 253; Momigliano, ́Ancient History.́ Cf. Carlo Ginzburg, ́Clues: Roots of an Evidential Paradigḿ in his Myths, Emblems, Clues, tr. John and Ann Tedeschi (London, 1990), 96-125; Arnaldo Momigliano, ́La storia tra medicina e retorica,́ in his Tra storia e storicismo (Pisa, 1985), 11-24; and, since this essay was written, Ian Maclean, Logic, Signs and Nature in the Renaissance: The Case of Learned Medicine (Cambridge, 2002).
154. Samuel Rocheblave, Essai sur le comte de Caylus (Paris, 1889), 253; Momigliano, ́Ancient History.́ Cf. Carlo Ginzburg, ́Clues: Roots of an Evidential Paradigḿ in his Myths, Emblems, Clues, tr. John and Ann Tedeschi (London, 1990), 96-125; Arnaldo Momigliano, ́La storia tra medicina e retorica,́ in his Tra storia e storicismo (Pisa, 1985), 11-24; and, since this essay was written, Ian Maclean, Logic, Signs and Nature in the Renaissance: The Case of Learned Medicine (Cambridge, 2002).
155. Evelyn, Discourse, 292-342.
156. Camillo Baldi, Trattato come da una lettera missiva si conoscano la natura e qualità dello scrittore (Carpi, 1622); Agostino Mascardi, Romanae dissertationes, de affectibus sive perturbationibus animi, earumque characteribus (Paris, 1639); John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding (London, 1690), Book 4, chapter 20. Cf. Hacking, Probability, 39-62.
157. Camillo Baldi, Trattato come da una lettera missiva si conoscano la natura e qualità dello scrittore (Carpi, 1622); Agostino Mascardi, Romanae dissertationes, de affectibus sive perturbationibus animi, earumque characteribus (Paris, 1639); John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding (London, 1690), Book 4, chapter 20. Cf. Hacking, Probability, 39-62.
158. Camillo Baldi, Trattato come da una lettera missiva si conoscano la natura e qualità dello scrittore (Carpi, 1622); Agostino Mascardi, Romanae dissertationes, de affectibus sive perturbationibus animi, earumque characteribus (Paris, 1639); John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding (London, 1690), Book 4, chapter 20. Cf. Hacking, Probability, 39-62.
159. Camillo Baldi, Trattato come da una lettera missiva si conoscano la natura e qualità dello scrittore (Carpi, 1622); Agostino Mascardi, Romanae dissertationes, de affectibus sive perturbationibus animi, earumque characteribus (Paris, 1639); John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding (London, 1690), Book 4, chapter 20. Cf. Hacking, Probability, 39-62.
160. Momigliano, ́Ancient History,́ 17.
161. Haskell and Penny (1981), 43-44; cf. Schnapp, La conquête, 277, and Haskell, History, 131-44.
162. Haskell and Penny (1981), 43-44; cf. Schnapp, La conquête, 277, and Haskell, History, 131-44.
163. Haskell and Penny (1981), 43-44; cf. Schnapp, La conquête, 277, and Haskell, History, 131-44.
164. Michael Hunter, ́The Royal Society and the Origins of British Archaeology,́ Antiquity, 65(1971), 113-21, 178-91.
165. Quoted in Herklotz, Cassiano, 233-34.
166. Claude Chifflet, De numismate antiquo (Louvain, 1628), 15; Evelyn, Medals.
167. Claude Chifflet, De numismate antiquo (Louvain, 1628), 15; Evelyn, Medals.
168. Schnapp, La conquête, 192.