A new concept for the etiopathogenesis of the thoracospinal deformity of idiopathic scoliosis: Summary of an electronic focus group debate of the IBSE

European Spine Journal

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 440-450

  Sevastik, J ^a   Burwell, R G ^b   Dangerfield, P H ^c  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adolscence; Asymmetry; Breast; Etiology; Idiopathic; Ribs; Scoliosis; Surgery

Indexed keywords

IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RIB RESECTION; SPINE MALFORMATION; THORACOSPINAL DEFORMITY;

ADOLESCENT; BREAST; CHILD; DELPHI TECHNIQUE; ELECTRONIC MAIL; FEMALE; FOCUS GROUPS; HUMANS; RIBS; SCOLIOSIS; THORACIC VERTEBRAE;

EID: 0141725877     PISSN: 09406719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-002-0489-4     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Agadir M, Sevastik B, Sevastik JA, Swensson L (1989) Effects of intercostal nerve resection on the longitudinal rib growth in the growing rabbit. J Orthop Res 7:690-695
2. Asher MA (2000) Foreword. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 14(2):xiv-xv
3. Beauséjour M, Aubin C-É, Mitnitski AB, Feldman AG (1999) Biomechanical modelling of the control of trunk muscles. In: Stokes IAF (ed) Research into spinal deformities, vol 2. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 150-153
4. Beauséjour M, Aubin C-É, Feldman AG, Labelle H (1999) Simulation of lateral bending tests using a musculoskeletal model of the trunk (in French). Ann Chirurg 53:742-750
5. Cole AA, Burwell RG, Dangerfield PH, Grivas TB, Webb JK, Moulton A (2000) Anthropometry. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 14:411-421
6. Edgar M (2000) Neural mechanisms in the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 14:459-468
7. Gardner ADH (2000) The significance of the sternum: the buttress of the thoracic spine. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 14:383-389
8. Gréalou L, Aubin C-É, Sevastik JA, Labelle H (2002) Simulations of rib cage surgery for management of scoliotic deformities. In: Peuchot B, Tanguy A (eds) Research into spinal deformities, vol 3. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 345-349
9. Gréalou L, Aubin C-É, Labelle H (2002) Rib cage surgery for the treatment of scoliosis: a biomechanical study of correction mechanisms, J Orthop Res 20:1121-1128
10. Kasai Y, Takegami K, Uchida A (2002) Length of the ribs in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 122:161-162
11. Khosla S, Tredwell SJ, Shinn SL, Ovalle WK Jr (1980) An ultrastructural study of multifidus muscle in progressive idiopathic scoliosis. J Neurol Sci 46:13-31
12. Landauer W (1945) Recessive rumplessness of fowl with kyphoscoliosis and supernumerary ribs. Genetics 30:403-428
13. Lowe TG, Edgar M, Margulies JY, Miller NH, Raso VJ, Reinker KA (2000) Current concepts review. Etiology of idiopathic scoliosis: current trends in research. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82:1157-1168
14. Mason RM, Palfrey AJ (1977) Scoliosis. In: Zorab PA (ed) Proceedings of a Fifth Symposium. Some aspects of hereditary kyphoscoliosis in mice. Academic Press, London, pp 349-367
15. Miller NH (2000) The role of genetic factors in the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 14:313-317
16. 99mTc-MDP of the spine and the costosternal junctions of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Acta Radiol Diagn 26:397-401
17. Normelli H, Sevastik J, Akrivos J (1985) The length and ash weight of the ribs of normal and scoliotic persons Spine 10:590-592
18. Normelli H, Sevastik JA, Ljung G. Jonsson-Soderstrom AM (1986) The symmetry of the breasts in normal and scoliotic girls. Spine 11:749-752
19. Normelli H, Sevastik J, Wallberg H (1986) The thermal emission from the skin and the vascularity of the breasts in normal and scoliotic girls. Spine 11:405-408
20. Pal GP (1991) Mechanism of production of scoliosis: a hypothesis. Spine 16:288-292
21. Roaf R (1974) The postural function of intercostal muscle. In: Zorab PA (ed) Scoliosis and muscle. SIMP Research Monographs, no. 4. Heinemann Medical Books, London, pp 46-51
22. Roaf R (1976) The intercostal muscles and conditioned reflexes in the control of spinal posture. Proc R Soc Med 69:177-178
23. Robin GC (1990) The aetiology of idiopathic scoliosis. A review of a century of research. CRC Press, Boca Raton
24. Sahgal V, Shah A, Flanagan N, Schaffer M, Kane W, Subramani V, Singh H (1983) Morphological and morphometric studies of muscle in idiopathic scoliosis. Acta Orthop Scand 54:242-251
25. Sawin PB, Crary DD (1964) Genetics of skeletal deformities in the domestic rabbit. Clin Orthop 33:71-90
26. Sevastik B, Willers U, Hedlund R, Sevastik J, Kristjansson S (1993) Scoliosis induced immediately after mechanical medial rib elongation in the rabbit. Spine 18:923-926
27. Sevastik B, Xiong B, Lunberg A, Sevastik JA (1995) In vitro opto-electronic analysis of 3D segmental vertebral movements during gradual rib lengthening in the pig. Acta Orthop Belg 61:218-225
28. Sevastik JA (1993) Animal experiments in scoliosis: a critical review. Eur J Exp Musculoskeletal Res 2:51-60
29. Sevastik JA (2000) The thoracospinal concept of the etiopathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 14:391-400
30. Sevastik JA (2000) Experimental scoliosis. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 14:511-518
31. Sevastik JA, Stokes IAF (2000) Idiopathic scoliosis: terminology. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 14:299-303
32. Sevastik JA, Agadir M, Sevastik B (1990) Effects of rib elongation on the spine. I. Distortion of the vertebral alignment in the rabbit. Spine 15:822-825
33. Sharma SD, Smith EM, Hazelman BL, Jenner JR (1997) Thermographic changes in keyboard operators with chronic forearm pain. BMJ 314:118
34. Stokes IAF, Laible JP (1990) Three-dimensional osseo-ligamentous model of the thorax representing initiation of scoliosis by asymmetric growth. J Biomech 23:589-595
35. Stokes IAF, Danserau J, Moreland M (1989) Rib cage asymmetry in idiopathic scoliosis. In: Proceedings of Combined Meeting of Scoliosis Research Society and European Spinal Deformities Society. Amsterdam, September 17-22, pp 304-305
36. Stokes IA, Danserau J, Moreland MS (1989) Rib cage asymmetry in idiopathic scoliosis. J Orthop Res 7:599-606
37. Taylor LW (1971) Kyphoscoliosis in a long-term selection experiment with chickens. Avian Dis 75:376-390
38. Taylor TKF (2000) The brain stem and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a hypothesis. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 14:477-481
39. Tredwell SJ (1984) A review of possible neuromuscular factors. In: Jacobs RR (ed) Pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Research Society, Chicago, pp 203-209
40. Veldman PHJM, Reynan HM, Arntz IE, Goris R, Jan A (1993) Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients. Lancet 342:1012-1016
41. Villemure I, Aubin C-É, Danserau J, Labelle H (2002) Biomechanical modeling of vertebral growth and growth modulation for the study of scoliotic deformities: a feasibility study. ITBM-RBM 23:109-117
42. Villemure I, Aubin C-É, Danserau J, Labelle H (2002) Simulation of progressive deformities in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using a biomechanical model integrating vertebral growth modulation. J Biomech Eng 124:784-790
43. Villemure I, Aubin C-É, Danserau J, Labelle H (2002) Biomechanical modeling of spinal growth modulation for the study of scoliotic deformities. In: Peuchot B, Tanguy A (eds) Research into spinal deformities, vol 3. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 373-377
44. Willers U, Sevastik B, Hedlund R, et al (1995) Electrical muscle stimulation on the spine. Three dimensional effects in rabbits. Acta Orthop Scand 66:411-414
45. Williamson JB (2000) Postural control. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 14:469-476
46. Xiong B, Sevastik B, Sevastik J, Hedlund R (1992) Early three dimensional radiographic changes in scoliosis. In: Danserau J (ed) International Symposium on 3-D Scoliotic Deformities jointly with the VIIth International Symposium on Spinal Deformity and Surface Topography. Éditions de l'École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, Gustav Fischer (Stuttgart), pp 498-504
47. Xiong B, Sevastik JA, Hedlund R, Sevastik B (1994) Radiographic changes at the coronal plane in early scoliosis. Spine 19:159-164
48. Yarom R, Robin GC (1979) Studies on spinal and peripheral muscles from patients with scoliosis. Spine 4:12-21