Treponematoses - Origins and 1.5 million years of transition

Human Evolution

Volumn 11, Issue 3-4, 1996, Pages 225-231

  Rothschild, B M ^a,b,c   Rothschild, C ^a,b,c  

^a ARTHRITIS CENTER OF NORTHEAST OHIO   (United States)

^b NORTHEAST OHIO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

Africa; Periosteal reaction; Periostitis; Syphilis; Treponemal disease; Yaws

Indexed keywords

HOMINIDAE;

EID: 0141675511     PISSN: 03939375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/bf02436626     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Baker BJ, Armelagos GJ. 1988. The origins and antiquity of syphilis. Curr Anthropol 29:703-720,732-737.
2. Cockburn A. The evolution and eradication of Infectious Diseases. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1963; pp. 152-174.
3. Cole HN. 1937. Congenital and prenatal syphilis. JAMA 109:580-585.
4. Fieldsteel HA. 1983. Genetics of Treponema In; Schell RF, Musher DM, eds. Pathogenesis and Immunology of Treponemal Infection. New York: Marcel Dekker, pp 39-55.
5. Goff CW. 1967. Syphilis. In: Brothwell DR, Sandison AT, eds. Diseases of Antiquity. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, pp. 170-187.
6. Hackett CJ 1963. On the origin of the human treponematoses (pinta, yaws, endemic syphilis and venereal syphilis Bull World Health Org 29:7.
7. Hudson EH. 1958. The treponematoses-or treponematosis? Brit J Vener Dis 34:22-24.
8. Kampmeier RH 1964. The late manifestations of syphilis: Skeletal, visceral and cardiovascular Med Clin N Amer 48:667-797.
9. Levin EJ. 1970. Healing in congenital osseous syphilis. Amer J Roentgenol 110:591-597.
10. McLean S. 1931. Roentgenographic and pathologic aspects of congenital osseous syphilis. Amer J Dis Child 41:130-152, 411-418.
11. Nabarro D. 1954. Congenital Syphilis. London. Edward Arnold.
12. Noordhoek GT, Wieles B, van der Sluis JJ, van Embden JD. 1990. Polymerase chain reaction and synthetic DNA probes: A means of distinguishing the causative agents of syphilis and yaws? Infect Immun 58:2011-2013.
13. Quetel C. 1990. History of Syphilis. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.
14. Rasool MN, Govender S. 1989. The skeletal manifestations of congenital syphilis. J Bone Jt Surg 71B-.752-755.
15. Resnick D, Niwayama G. 1988. Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders. Philadelphia: Saunders.
16. Rokhlin DG, Rubasheva V. 1938. New data on the age of syphilis. Vestnick Rentgenol 21:183-187.
17. Rothschild BM. 1989, On the antiquity of treponemal infection. Med Hypothesis 28:181-184.
18. Rothschild BM, Heathcote GM. 1993. Characterization of the skeletal manifestations of the treponemal disease Yaws as a population phenomenon. Clin Infect Dis 17 198-203.
19. Rothschild BM, Martin L. 1993. Paleopathology: Disease in the Fossil Record. London : CRC Press.
20. Rothschild C, Rothschild BM. 1994. Syphilis, Yaws and Bejel:
21. Population distribution in North America. Amer J Phys Anthropol 94; 174-175.
22. Rothschild BM, Rothschild C. 1995 Treponemal Disease Revisited: Skeletal Discriminators for Yaws, Bejel, and Venereal Syphilis. Clin Infect Dis 20:1407-1408.
23. Spirov G. 1991. Endemic syphilis in Bulgaria. Genitourinary Med 67:428.
24. Stokes JH, Beerman H, Ingraham NR Jr. 1944. Modern Clinical Syphilogy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, p. 679.