Baudouin, Flacius, and the Plan for the Magdeburg Centuries

Journal of the History of Ideas

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 253-272

  Lyon, Gregory B ^a  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0141642097     PISSN: 00225037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3654128     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. v, transcribed, along with many other planning documents cited in this essay, in Ronald Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries: A Bibliothecal and Historiographical Analysiś (Th.D. diss., Harvard University, 1978), 541-45. I assume the version of the Methodus sent to Baudoin was that ratified at the 16 February 1556 meeting of the Magdeburg collegium. Heinz Scheible, ́Der Plan der Magdeburger Zenturien und ihre ungedruckte Reformationsgeschichté (Th.D. diss., Heidelberg, 1960), 81, and Heinz Scheible, Die Entstehung der Magdeburger Zenturien. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der historiographischen Methode (Gütersloh, 1966).
2. v, transcribed, along with many other planning documents cited in this essay, in Ronald Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries: A Bibliothecal and Historiographical Analysiś (Th.D. diss., Harvard University, 1978), 541-45. I assume the version of the Methodus sent to Baudoin was that ratified at the 16 February 1556 meeting of the Magdeburg collegium. Heinz Scheible, ́Der Plan der Magdeburger Zenturien und ihre ungedruckte Reformationsgeschichté (Th.D. diss., Heidelberg, 1960), 81, and Heinz Scheible, Die Entstehung der Magdeburger Zenturien. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der historiographischen Methode (Gütersloh, 1966).
3. v, transcribed, along with many other planning documents cited in this essay, in Ronald Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries: A Bibliothecal and Historiographical Analysiś (Th.D. diss., Harvard University, 1978), 541-45. I assume the version of the Methodus sent to Baudoin was that ratified at the 16 February 1556 meeting of the Magdeburg collegium. Heinz Scheible, ́Der Plan der Magdeburger Zenturien und ihre ungedruckte Reformationsgeschichté (Th.D. diss., Heidelberg, 1960), 81, and Heinz Scheible, Die Entstehung der Magdeburger Zenturien. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der historiographischen Methode (Gütersloh, 1966).
4. Oliver K. Olson, Matthias Flacius and the Survival of Luther's Reform (Wolfenbüttler Abhandlungen zur Renaissanceforschung, vol. XX; Wiesbaden, 2002); Martina Hartmann, Humanismus und Kirchenkritik: Matthias Flacius Illyricus als Erforscher des Mittelalters (Beiträge zur Geschichte und Quellenkunde des Mittelalters, vol. XIX; Stuttgart, 2001); and Oliver K. Olson, ́Matthias Flacius Illyricus,́ in Shapers of Religious Traditions in Germany, Switzerland, and Poland, 1560-1600, ed. Jill Raitt (New Haven, Conn., 1981), 1-18; and Wilhelm Preger, Matthias Flacius Illyricus und seine Zeit (2 vols.; 1859-61), and Mijo Mirkovic, Matija Vlacic Ilirik (Zagreb, 1960).
5. Oliver K. Olson, Matthias Flacius and the Survival of Luther's Reform (Wolfenbüttler Abhandlungen zur Renaissanceforschung, vol. XX; Wiesbaden, 2002); Martina Hartmann, Humanismus und Kirchenkritik: Matthias Flacius Illyricus als Erforscher des Mittelalters (Beiträge zur Geschichte und Quellenkunde des Mittelalters, vol. XIX; Stuttgart, 2001); and Oliver K. Olson, ́Matthias Flacius Illyricus,́ in Shapers of Religious Traditions in Germany, Switzerland, and Poland, 1560-1600, ed. Jill Raitt (New Haven, Conn., 1981), 1-18; and Wilhelm Preger, Matthias Flacius Illyricus und seine Zeit (2 vols.; 1859-61), and Mijo Mirkovic, Matija Vlacic Ilirik (Zagreb, 1960).
6. Oliver K. Olson, Matthias Flacius and the Survival of Luther's Reform (Wolfenbüttler Abhandlungen zur Renaissanceforschung, vol. XX; Wiesbaden, 2002); Martina Hartmann, Humanismus und Kirchenkritik: Matthias Flacius Illyricus als Erforscher des Mittelalters (Beiträge zur Geschichte und Quellenkunde des Mittelalters, vol. XIX; Stuttgart, 2001); and Oliver K. Olson, ́Matthias Flacius Illyricus,́ in Shapers of Religious Traditions in Germany, Switzerland, and Poland, 1560-1600, ed. Jill Raitt (New Haven, Conn., 1981), 1-18; and Wilhelm Preger, Matthias Flacius Illyricus und seine Zeit (2 vols.; 1859-61), and Mijo Mirkovic, Matija Vlacic Ilirik (Zagreb, 1960).
7. Oliver K. Olson, Matthias Flacius and the Survival of Luther's Reform (Wolfenbüttler Abhandlungen zur Renaissanceforschung, vol. XX; Wiesbaden, 2002); Martina Hartmann, Humanismus und Kirchenkritik: Matthias Flacius Illyricus als Erforscher des Mittelalters (Beiträge zur Geschichte und Quellenkunde des Mittelalters, vol. XIX; Stuttgart, 2001); and Oliver K. Olson, ́Matthias Flacius Illyricus,́ in Shapers of Religious Traditions in Germany, Switzerland, and Poland, 1560-1600, ed. Jill Raitt (New Haven, Conn., 1981), 1-18; and Wilhelm Preger, Matthias Flacius Illyricus und seine Zeit (2 vols.; 1859-61), and Mijo Mirkovic, Matija Vlacic Ilirik (Zagreb, 1960).
8. Oliver K. Olson, Matthias Flacius and the Survival of Luther's Reform (Wolfenbüttler Abhandlungen zur Renaissanceforschung, vol. XX; Wiesbaden, 2002); Martina Hartmann, Humanismus und Kirchenkritik: Matthias Flacius Illyricus als Erforscher des Mittelalters (Beiträge zur Geschichte und Quellenkunde des Mittelalters, vol. XIX; Stuttgart, 2001); and Oliver K. Olson, ́Matthias Flacius Illyricus,́ in Shapers of Religious Traditions in Germany, Switzerland, and Poland, 1560-1600, ed. Jill Raitt (New Haven, Conn., 1981), 1-18; and Wilhelm Preger, Matthias Flacius Illyricus und seine Zeit (2 vols.; 1859-61), and Mijo Mirkovic, Matija Vlacic Ilirik (Zagreb, 1960).
9. See Michael Erbe, François Bauduin (1520-1573): Biographie eines Humanisten (Gütersloh, 1978), and Mario Turchetti, Concordia o tolleranza? François Bauduin (1520-1573) (Geneva, 1984).
10. See Michael Erbe, François Bauduin (1520-1573): Biographie eines Humanisten (Gütersloh, 1978), and Mario Turchetti, Concordia o tolleranza? François Bauduin (1520-1573) (Geneva, 1984).
11. r: ́Utinam et germanici iurisprudentes discant ab exteris Christum eius Ecclesiam religionem et ministros amare, fovere et promovere et Antichristun cum suis impietatibus et spiritualibus odisse ac detestarí; transcriptions in Michael Erbe, François Bauduin, 262-76, emphasis mine.
12. Clavis scripturae seu de Sermone Sacrarum literarum (Basil, 1567); modern Latin and German parallel edition of the second, theoretical part of the book in De ratione cognoscendi sacras literas/Über den Erkenntnisgrund der Heiligen Schrift, ed. Lutz Geldsetzer (Düsseldorf, 1968).
13. Clavis scripturae seu de Sermone Sacrarum literarum (Basil, 1567); modern Latin and German parallel edition of the second, theoretical part of the book in De ratione cognoscendi sacras literas/Über den Erkenntnisgrund der Heiligen Schrift, ed. Lutz Geldsetzer (Düsseldorf, 1968).
14. Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship: Language, Law, and History in the French Renaissance (New York, 1970); Julian H. Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth-Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (New York, 1963).
15. Donald R. Kelley, Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship: Language, Law, and History in the French Renaissance (New York, 1970); Julian H. Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth-Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History (New York, 1963).
16. Baudouin died within the fold of the Catholic Church in 1573. Erbe (François Bauduin, 57) conjectures that Baudouin, at his mother's deathbed in 1548, promised her that he would return to the Roman Catholic faith. He did not correspond with Calvin for two years after his mother's death, and at that point relations with Calvin were clearly strained. Hotman often publicly accused Baudouin of Nicodemism. See Donald R. Kelley, François Hotman: A Revolutionary's Ordeal (Princeton, 1973).
17. Libri duo ad Leges Romuli Regis Rom. Leg. XII. Tabularum. Eiusdem Consilium de Nova iuris Civilis demonstratione, singularumque eius partium consideratione (Lyon, 1550), not in J. G. Heineccius (ed.), Francisci Balduini, JCti, Opuscula Omnia, Jurisprudentia Romana et Attica (Leiden, I, 1738).
18. Commentarii de statu religionis et rei publicae Carolo V. Caesare (Strasbourg, 1555), and see Donald R. Kelley, ́Johannes Sleidan and the Origins of History as a Profession,́ Journal of Modern History, 52 (1980), 573-98.
19. See Erbe, François Bauduin, 80-92.
20. See Karl Schottenloher, Pfalzgraf Ottheinrich und das Buch (Münster, 1927).
21. Constantinus Magnus sive de Constantini Imp. Legibus Ecclesiasticis atque Civilibus, Commentariorum Libri duo (Basel, 1556); and see Turchetti, Concordia o tolleranza?, 103-22.
22. Constantinus Magnus sive de Constantini Imp. Legibus Ecclesiasticis atque Civilibus, Commentariorum Libri duo (Basel, 1556); and see Turchetti, Concordia o tolleranza?, 103-22.
23. Grynaeus, De utilitate legendae historiae (Basel, 1539), later included in Johannes Wolf, Artis historicae penus (Basel, 1579).
24. Grynaeus, De utilitate legendae historiae (Basel, 1539), later included in Johannes Wolf, Artis historicae penus (Basel, 1579).
25. See Gerald Strauss, Historian in an Age of Crisis: The Life and Work of Johannes Aventinus, 1477-1534 (Cambridge, Mass., 1963), and Simon Ditchfield, Liturgy, Sanctity, and History in Tridentine Italy (Cambridge, 1995).
26. See Gerald Strauss, Historian in an Age of Crisis: The Life and Work of Johannes Aventinus, 1477-1534 (Cambridge, Mass., 1963), and Simon Ditchfield, Liturgy, Sanctity, and History in Tridentine Italy (Cambridge, 1995).
27. Flacius to Nidbruck, 10 November 1552, in Victor Bibl (ed.), ́Der Briefwechsel zwischen Flacius and Nidbruck,́ Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für die Geschichte des Protestantismus in Österreich, 17 (1896), 6-8; also Scheible, ́Der Plan der Magdeburger Zenturien,́ 39-44; and Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries,́ 6-7, 39-41.
28. Flacius to Nidbruck, 10 November 1552, in Victor Bibl (ed.), ́Der Briefwechsel zwischen Flacius and Nidbruck,́ Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für die Geschichte des Protestantismus in Österreich, 17 (1896), 6-8; also Scheible, ́Der Plan der Magdeburger Zenturien,́ 39-44; and Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries,́ 6-7, 39-41.
29. Flacius to Nidbruck, 10 November 1552, in Victor Bibl (ed.), ́Der Briefwechsel zwischen Flacius and Nidbruck,́ Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für die Geschichte des Protestantismus in Österreich, 17 (1896), 6-8; also Scheible, ́Der Plan der Magdeburger Zenturien,́ 39-44; and Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries,́ 6-7, 39-41.
30. 2), 562-67, and Hartmann, Humanismus und Kirchenkritik; also Thomas Haye, ́Der Catalogus testium veritatis des Matthias Flacius Illyricus -eine Einführung in die Literatur des Mittelalters?́ Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, 83 (1992), 31-48.
31. 2), 562-67, and Hartmann, Humanismus und Kirchenkritik; also Thomas Haye, ́Der Catalogus testium veritatis des Matthias Flacius Illyricus -eine Einführung in die Literatur des Mittelalters?́ Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, 83 (1992), 31-48.
32. 2), 562-67, and Hartmann, Humanismus und Kirchenkritik; also Thomas Haye, ́Der Catalogus testium veritatis des Matthias Flacius Illyricus -eine Einführung in die Literatur des Mittelalters?́ Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, 83 (1992), 31-48.
33. Eccleslastica Historia, integram Ecclesiae Christi ideam, quantum ad Locum, Propagationem, Tranquillitatem, Doctrinam, Haereses, Ceremonias, Gubernationem, Schismata, Synodos, Personas, Miracula, Martyria, Religiones extra Ecclesiam et statum Imperii politicum attinet, secundum singulas Centurias, perspicue ordine complectens: singulari diligentia et fide ex vetustissimis et optimis historicis, patribus et aliis scriptoribus congesta: Per aliquot studiosos etpios viros in urbe Magdeburgica (Basel, 1559-74).
34. Arndt Brendecke, Die Jahrhundertwenden: eine Geschichte ihrer Wahrnehmung und Wirkung (Frankfurt am Main, 1999), 75-81.
35. The first century had two volumes, the first dealing with the times of Christ and the second with those of the Apostles.
36. See Jose L. de Orella y Unzue, Respuestas Catolicas a las Centurias de Magdeburgo (1559-1588) (Madrid, 1976); E. Michael Camilli, ́Six Dialogues, 1566: Initial Responses to the Magdeburg Centurieś Archiv für Remationsgeschichte, 86 (1995), 141-52 and Anthony Grafton, ́Where Was Salomon's House? Ecclesiastical History and the Intellectual Origins of Bacon's New Atlantiś in Die europäsche Gelehrtenrepublik im Zeitalter des Konfessionalismus, ed. Herbert Jaumann (Wolfenbüttler Forschungen, vol. 96; Wiesbaden, 2001), 21-38.
37. See Jose L. de Orella y Unzue, Respuestas Catolicas a las Centurias de Magdeburgo (1559-1588) (Madrid, 1976); E. Michael Camilli, ́Six Dialogues, 1566: Initial Responses to the Magdeburg Centurieś Archiv für Remationsgeschichte, 86 (1995), 141-52 and Anthony Grafton, ́Where Was Salomon's House? Ecclesiastical History and the Intellectual Origins of Bacon's New Atlantiś in Die europäsche Gelehrtenrepublik im Zeitalter des Konfessionalismus, ed. Herbert Jaumann (Wolfenbüttler Forschungen, vol. 96; Wiesbaden, 2001), 21-38.
38. See Jose L. de Orella y Unzue, Respuestas Catolicas a las Centurias de Magdeburgo (1559-1588) (Madrid, 1976); E. Michael Camilli, ́Six Dialogues, 1566: Initial Responses to the Magdeburg Centurieś Archiv für Remationsgeschichte, 86 (1995), 141-52 and Anthony Grafton, ́Where Was Salomon's House? Ecclesiastical History and the Intellectual Origins of Bacon's New Atlantiś in Die europäsche Gelehrtenrepublik im Zeitalter des Konfessionalismus, ed. Herbert Jaumann (Wolfenbüttler Forschungen, vol. 96; Wiesbaden, 2001), 21-38.
39. See Stefano Zen, Baronio storico: controriforma e crisi del metodo umanistico (Naples, 1994); and Cyriac Pullapilly, Caesar Baronius, Counter-Reformation Historian (South Bend, Ind., 1975).
40. See Stefano Zen, Baronio storico: controriforma e crisi del metodo umanistico (Naples, 1994); and Cyriac Pullapilly, Caesar Baronius, Counter-Reformation Historian (South Bend, Ind., 1975).
41. Scheible, ́Der Plan der Magdeburger Zenturien.́
42. r) and is in the collection, Die Anfänge der reformatorischen Geschichtsschreibung, ed. Heinz Scheible, Texte zur Kirchenund Theologiegeschichte, no. 2 (Gütersloh, 1966), 59-70, esp. 69. Also see Grafton, ́Where Was Salomon's House?,́ 29-30.
43. Anthony Grafton, ́Where was Salomon's House? Ecclesiastical History and the Intellectual Origins of Bacon's New Atlantis,́ Die Europäische Gelehrtenrepublik im Zeitalter des Konfessionalismus, ed. Herbert Jaumann (Wolfenbüttel, 2001), 21-38; Paul Lehmann, ́Geisteswissenschaftliche Gemeinschafts- und Kollektivunternehmungen in der geschichtlichen Entwicklunǵ in Erforschung des Mittelalters (Stuttgart, 1941-61), IV, 353-85.
44. Anthony Grafton, ́Where was Salomon's House? Ecclesiastical History and the Intellectual Origins of Bacon's New Atlantis,́ Die Europäische Gelehrtenrepublik im Zeitalter des Konfessionalismus, ed. Herbert Jaumann (Wolfenbüttel, 2001), 21-38; Paul Lehmann, ́Geisteswissenschaftliche Gemeinschafts- und Kollektivunternehmungen in der geschichtlichen Entwicklunǵ in Erforschung des Mittelalters (Stuttgart, 1941-61), IV, 353-85.
45. Arnaldo Momigliano, ́The Origins of Ecclesiastical Historiography,́ chap. 6 in The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography, (Berkeley, 1990), 132-52; and ́Pagan and Christian Historiography in the Fourth Century AD,́ Terzo contributo alla storia degli studi classici e del mondo antico (Rome, 1966), I, 87-109; also Anthony Grafton, The Footnote: A Curious History (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), esp. 148-74.
46. Arnaldo Momigliano, ́The Origins of Ecclesiastical Historiography,́ chap. 6 in The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography, (Berkeley, 1990), 132-52; and ́Pagan and Christian Historiography in the Fourth Century AD,́ Terzo contributo alla storia degli studi classici e del mondo antico (Rome, 1966), I, 87-109; also Anthony Grafton, The Footnote: A Curious History (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), esp. 148-74.
47. Arnaldo Momigliano, ́The Origins of Ecclesiastical Historiography,́ chap. 6 in The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography, (Berkeley, 1990), 132-52; and ́Pagan and Christian Historiography in the Fourth Century AD,́ Terzo contributo alla storia degli studi classici e del mondo antico (Rome, 1966), I, 87-109; also Anthony Grafton, The Footnote: A Curious History (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), esp. 148-74.
48. Timothy D. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius (Cambridge, Mass., 1981), 141.
49. Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries,́ 93-108; and Diener, ́Johann Wigand 1523-1587,́ in Shapers of Religious Traditions, 19-38.
50. Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries,́ 93-108; and Diener, ́Johann Wigand 1523-1587,́ in Shapers of Religious Traditions, 19-38.
51. Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries,́ 541.
52. See Ann Moss, Printed Commonplace-Books and the Structuring of Renaissance Thought (Oxford, 1996).
53. Autograph in Herzog-August-Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel Cod. Guelf. 11.20, fol. 128-36.
54. Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries,́ 545: ́Distributio secundum locos communes haec habet incommoda -1. caret exemple sacrarum vel ecclesiasticarum narrationum -2. caret exemplo historicorum Ethnicorum -3. turbatur ordo rerum gestarum -4. Sequuntur distractiones, inversiones, anticipationes & confusiones temporum & annorum -5. Contradictio tituli.́
55. Ibid.: ́Narrationes historicae non debent esse coacervationes locorum communium, nee capita centonium esse debent.́
56. Methodus, in Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries,́ 542-43.
57. Baudouin to the Centuriators (13 June 1556), in Erbe, François Bauduin, 266: ́Nam id primum esse necesse intelligebam, ut quo iure quave conditione Ecclesia eius loci temporisque fuisset, recte intelligerem. Turn vero, ut ipsius Ecclesiae statum propius cognoscerem: quae religionis doctrina, quae caeremoniarum forma fuisset, considerabam, ut et in illius tamquam animam, et in corpus faciemque intuerer.́
58. Ibid.: ́Si qua(e) quaestiones motae, si quae ortae haereses, si qua propter ea concilia coacta essent: si cum Iudaeis, si cum Philosophis contentio fuisset, et quaenam fuisset, discebam. Postremo cum tyrannis et carnificibus coronas martyrum describebam.́
59. François Baudouin, De institutione historiae universae et eius cum providentia coniunctione IIPOΛEΓOMENΩN libri ii (Paris, 1561). Almost every detailed point in Baudouin's letters to the Centuriators can be found again in this work, the wording often verbatim. See Donald R. Kelley, ́Historia integra: François Baudouin and His Conception of History,́ JHI, 25 (1964), 35-57, and Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship, 116-58.
60. François Baudouin, De institutione historiae universae et eius cum providentia coniunctione IIPOΛEΓOMENΩN libri ii (Paris, 1561). Almost every detailed point in Baudouin's letters to the Centuriators can be found again in this work, the wording often verbatim. See Donald R. Kelley, ́Historia integra: François Baudouin and His Conception of History,́ JHI, 25 (1964), 35-57, and Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship, 116-58.
61. François Baudouin, De institutione historiae universae et eius cum providentia coniunctione IIPOΛEΓOMENΩN libri ii (Paris, 1561). Almost every detailed point in Baudouin's letters to the Centuriators can be found again in this work, the wording often verbatim. See Donald R. Kelley, ́Historia integra: François Baudouin and His Conception of History,́ JHI, 25 (1964), 35-57, and Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship, 116-58.
62. Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries,́ 550-51: ́Si volo colligere ad tertium librum ex historicis sic ago. Accipio aliquot arcus papyri, his inscribo caput, De loco & propagatione, idem facio in aliis capitibus, ut de persecutione, De doctrina, de haeresibus &c. Postea frango arcus in columnas, uni inscribo De loco & propagatione sub Traiano, alteri de loco et propagatione sub Hadriano, tertiae de loco & propagatione sub Antonino Pio, & sic deinceps, Si plures habeo imperatores colligendos, Deinde percurro Eusebium, Nicephorum aut alium quemlibet autorem & ex eo annoto, quidquid occurrit, quod ad caput de loco & propagatione pertinet sub suo Imperatore, percurro uno autore sumo alium, video an eadem cum priori, aut diversa aut plura aut clariora dicat.́
63. Baudouin to George Cassander (1 April 1558): ́Magnam video rerum molem atque silvam. Vereor ne informis materia sit,́ in Michael Erbe, ́François Bauduin und Georg Cassander. Dokumente einer Humanistenfreundschaft,́ Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance, 40 (1978), 543.
64. Erbe, François Bauduin, 267: ́Neque tarnen tam obscura Caroli magni tempora sunt, quin quid iis factum sit, coniicere possimus. Postea vero minus etiam laboramus. Nam etsi multa cumulata sint et in deterius multa prolapsa: tarnen nulla valde insignis mutatio fuit ad haec usque nostra tempora: et Antichristi Machometisque regnum multos habet suae historiae testes minime suspectos.́
65. r.
66. Flacius gets the idea of the 7000 pious men from I Kings 19:18 and Romans 11:4. Cf. (Rom. 11: 4-6): ́But what is God's reply to him? 'I have kept for myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.' So too at the present time there is a remnant, chosen by grace. But if it is by grace, it is no longer on the basis of works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace.́
67. Erbe, François Bauduin, 263-64: ́Nam quid olim factum sit, non modo incerta plerumque est divinatio, sed etiam est obscura, et non raro nulla memoria. Cumque veterum scriptorum veluti consignata testimonia legerem, cogitabam quid Prudentes de testibus et eorum fide olim responderint. Testibus (inquiunt) non testimoniis credendum esse: perpendendam quoque esse fidem testimonii, quod integrae frontis homo dixerit. Illud vero imprimis me male habebat, multos et larvatos, et mirabiliter lectos testes, sed falsos occurrere. Nihil certe ab historia praesertim sacra magis alienum esse debet quam fabula: nihil tarnen magis est illi affine.́
68. Erbe, François Bauduin, 264: ́Imprimis itaque iudicavi, quantum fieri posset, videndum esse, ut testium delectus haberetur, et testimoniorum: ut et quid diceretur, et quis diceret, animadverterem. Deinde an is auctor esset, qui esse diceretur.́ See R. W. Serjeantson, ́Testimony and Proof in Early Modern England,́ Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 30 (1999), 195-236.
69. Erbe, François Bauduin, 264: ́Imprimis itaque iudicavi, quantum fieri posset, videndum esse, ut testium delectus haberetur, et testimoniorum: ut et quid diceretur, et quis diceret, animadverterem. Deinde an is auctor esset, qui esse diceretur.́ See R. W. Serjeantson, ́Testimony and Proof in Early Modern England,́ Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 30 (1999), 195-236.
70. 44 Erbe, François Bauduin, 264-65: ́Non temere est profecto, quod tandiu visa sit earum admonitio necessaria. Sed bene habet: veterem Ecclesiam hasce impiorum hominum insidias pervidisse; et omnem propterea adhibuisse, quae adhiberi poterat, curam atque cautionem, ut nostrae religionis libros veros a falsis authenticos et, ut appellantur, canonicos ab apocryphis, sacrosanctos abs prophanis discernerent.́
71. Ibid. : ́Quid dicam tarnen, ipsum Platinam, Sabellicum, Volaterranum, Polydorum, et similes viros alioqui doctos, ex tam putidis figmentis veterem illius aetatis Ecclesiam describere?́
72. Tov̌ ayíov 'IovσTívov φlλoσóφov kaì μaρTv}ρos Zήvά kaì ∑∈ρήvώ ... ex Bibliotheca Regia (Lyon, 1551), and Beati Iustini Philosophi & martyris opera omnia (Paris, 1554).
73. 47 Erbe, François Bauduin, 265: ́Legatus libelli άπokρíσ∈ωs occurrent somnia monachorum de noctumis pollutionibus, de oleo baptismi, et similibus nugis. An haec Iustini sunt? an eorum temporum?́
74. Richard A. Lipsius, Die Apokryphen Apostelgeschichten und Apostellegenden (Braunschweig, 1883-87), I, 117-78.
75. Wolfgang Lazius (ed.), Hoc opere continentur. Liber de passione Domini nostri Jesu Christi....Abdiae, Babyloniae episcopi & apostolorum discipuli, De historia certaminis apostolici libri decem (Basel, 1552).
76. Erbe, François Bauduin, 265: ́Aniles sunt fabulae.́
77. Ecclesiastica historia, Century II, 205.
78. Ecclesiastica historia, Century I (part 2), 567, ́Abdiae nugas ... ut aniles et Apostolo indignans, reiicimus.́ Cf. ibid., 565, 574-75.
79. Ecclesiastica historia, Century I (part 2), 567, ́Abdiae nugas ... ut aniles et Apostolo indignans, reiicimus.́ Cf. ibid., 565, 574-75.
80. Whereas Flacius enumerated 37 points directly on the holograph copy of Baudouin's letter, the epitome has 42 rules; the specific rule regarding Justin and Abdias was not enumerated by Flacius on Baudouin's holograph, but he did draw a long red stroke in the margin on these points.
81. r, transcribed in Diener, ́The Magdeburg Centuries,́ 562. Diener asserts that the piece should be assigned the date of the previous document, 19 April 1556, but it is also possible that it was written after that date and indeed after the reception of Baudouin's first letter. The ́Regulae Balduiní immediately follows this document in the codex.
82. Erbe, François Bauduin, 266: ́Imo vero occurrerunt πoλλoĺ k'αγαθoí de quibus vetus illud dicere soleo. Aut hoc testium satis est, aut nescio quid sit satis.́
83. Julian H. Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth-Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law and History, 116-36.
84. Flacius was aware of the controversy over Peter's time in Rome. For a 1550 publication he had translated a 1520 tract by Ulrich Velenus, now known as Petrum Roman non venisse. See Olson, Survival, 197-200.
85. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum(Berlin) VI, entry 567. Justin or his source had misread the inscription as SIMONI DEO SANCTO, when in fact it was SEMONI SANCO DEO. See Eusebius, The History of the Church, tr. G. A. Williamson, rev. and ed. Andrew Louth (London, 1989), 417.
86. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum(Berlin) VI, entry 567. Justin or his source had misread the inscription as SIMONI DEO SANCTO, when in fact it was SEMONI SANCO DEO. See Eusebius, The History of the Church, tr. G. A. Williamson, rev. and ed. Andrew Louth (London, 1989), 417.
87. Baudouin to the Centuriators, 20 September 1556, in Erbe, François Bauduin, 274-75: ́Fortasse et singulorum veterum Patrum errores singulos, qui in Ecclesiam alioqui non pervaserint, semper enumerare no erit necesse, cum historia sit universitatis magis quam hominum singulorum.́
88. Baudouin, Ad edicta veterum principum Rom. de Christianis (Basel, 1557), 3-4: ́Nam etsi iam V vins Magdeburgensibus qui historiae Ecclesiae conscribendae provinciam susceperunt, curam hanc lubenter reliquerim, et exposito illis meo, quod rogabant, consilio, aliis me scriptionibus dediderim: tarnen quicquid illud est, quod antea de illis legibus annotaveram, cum aliis communicate non recusavi.́
89. See Erika Rummel, The Confessionalization of Humanism in Reformation Germany (Oxford, 2000), 144-49.
90. See Olson, Survival, 330-32.
91. In Flacius's biblical hermeneutics, the idea (the Protestant Schriftprinzip) is that the bible as a whole is a unity based on right doctrine. The analogy here is that church history as a whole has a unity as well, the integra idea, which provides a basis for historical interpretation. See Sebastian Franck, Chronica: Zeitbuch oder Geschichtsbibell (1536).
92. Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method, tr. Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall (New York, 19892); Oliver Scholz, Verstehen und Rationalität: Untersuchungen zu den Grundlagen von Hermeneutik und Sprachphilosophie (Frankfurt am Main, 1999); Werner Alexander, Hermeneutica Generalis: Zur Konzeption und Entwicklung der allgemeinen Verstehenslehre im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert (Stuttgart, 1993); and Reimund Sdzuj, Historische Studien zur Interpretations-methodologie der frühen Neuzeit (Würzburg, 1997).
93. Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method, tr. Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall (New York, 19892); Oliver Scholz, Verstehen und Rationalität: Untersuchungen zu den Grundlagen von Hermeneutik und Sprachphilosophie (Frankfurt am Main, 1999); Werner Alexander, Hermeneutica Generalis: Zur Konzeption und Entwicklung der allgemeinen Verstehenslehre im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert (Stuttgart, 1993); and Reimund Sdzuj, Historische Studien zur Interpretations-methodologie der frühen Neuzeit (Würzburg, 1997).
94. Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method, tr. Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall (New York, 19892); Oliver Scholz, Verstehen und Rationalität: Untersuchungen zu den Grundlagen von Hermeneutik und Sprachphilosophie (Frankfurt am Main, 1999); Werner Alexander, Hermeneutica Generalis: Zur Konzeption und Entwicklung der allgemeinen Verstehenslehre im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert (Stuttgart, 1993); and Reimund Sdzuj, Historische Studien zur Interpretations-methodologie der frühen Neuzeit (Würzburg, 1997).
95. Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method, tr. Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall (New York, 19892); Oliver Scholz, Verstehen und Rationalität: Untersuchungen zu den Grundlagen von Hermeneutik und Sprachphilosophie (Frankfurt am Main, 1999); Werner Alexander, Hermeneutica Generalis: Zur Konzeption und Entwicklung der allgemeinen Verstehenslehre im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert (Stuttgart, 1993); and Reimund Sdzuj, Historische Studien zur Interpretations-methodologie der frühen Neuzeit (Würzburg, 1997).
96. See Kathy Eden, Hermeneutics and the Rhetorical Tradition: Chapters in the Ancient Legacy and Its Humanist Reception (New Haven, Conn., 1997); lan Maclean, Interpretation and Meaning in the Renaissance: The Case of Law (Cambridge, 1992); Marina Frasca-Spada and Nick Jardine (eds.), Books and the Sciences in History (Cambridge, 2000); and Guido Canziani and Yves Charles Zarka (eds.), L 'Interpretazione nei secoli XVI e XVII (Milan, 1993).
97. See Kathy Eden, Hermeneutics and the Rhetorical Tradition: Chapters in the Ancient Legacy and Its Humanist Reception (New Haven, Conn., 1997); lan Maclean, Interpretation and Meaning in the Renaissance: The Case of Law (Cambridge, 1992); Marina Frasca-Spada and Nick Jardine (eds.), Books and the Sciences in History (Cambridge, 2000); and Guido Canziani and Yves Charles Zarka (eds.), L 'Interpretazione nei secoli XVI e XVII (Milan, 1993).
98. See Kathy Eden, Hermeneutics and the Rhetorical Tradition: Chapters in the Ancient Legacy and Its Humanist Reception (New Haven, Conn., 1997); lan Maclean, Interpretation and Meaning in the Renaissance: The Case of Law (Cambridge, 1992); Marina Frasca-Spada and Nick Jardine (eds.), Books and the Sciences in History (Cambridge, 2000); and Guido Canziani and Yves Charles Zarka (eds.), L 'Interpretazione nei secoli XVI e XVII (Milan, 1993).
99. See Kathy Eden, Hermeneutics and the Rhetorical Tradition: Chapters in the Ancient Legacy and Its Humanist Reception (New Haven, Conn., 1997); lan Maclean, Interpretation and Meaning in the Renaissance: The Case of Law (Cambridge, 1992); Marina Frasca-Spada and Nick Jardine (eds.), Books and the Sciences in History (Cambridge, 2000); and Guido Canziani and Yves Charles Zarka (eds.), L 'Interpretazione nei secoli XVI e XVII (Milan, 1993).
100. Kelley, ́Historia integrá (1964), elaborated in his Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (1970), and more recently in ́Humanism and History,́ in Renaissance Humanism, ed. Albert Rabil (Philadelphia, 1988), III, 236-70; and ́The Theory of History,́ in The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, eds. Charles B. Schmitt and Quentin Skinner (Cambridge, 1988), 746-62.
101. Kelley, ́Historia integrá (1964), elaborated in his Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (1970), and more recently in ́Humanism and History,́ in Renaissance Humanism, ed. Albert Rabil (Philadelphia, 1988), III, 236-70; and ́The Theory of History,́ in The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, eds. Charles B. Schmitt and Quentin Skinner (Cambridge, 1988), 746-62.
102. Kelley, ́Historia integrá (1964), elaborated in his Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (1970), and more recently in ́Humanism and History,́ in Renaissance Humanism, ed. Albert Rabil (Philadelphia, 1988), III, 236-70; and ́The Theory of History,́ in The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, eds. Charles B. Schmitt and Quentin Skinner (Cambridge, 1988), 746-62.
103. Kelley, ́Historia integrá (1964), elaborated in his Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship (1970), and more recently in ́Humanism and History,́ in Renaissance Humanism, ed. Albert Rabil (Philadelphia, 1988), III, 236-70; and ́The Theory of History,́ in The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, eds. Charles B. Schmitt and Quentin Skinner (Cambridge, 1988), 746-62.
104. See Marie-Dominique Couzinet, Histoire et méthode à la Renaissance: une lecture de la Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem de Jean Bodin (Paris, 1996), and Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature: Jean Bodin and Renaissance Science (Princeton, 1997).
105. See Marie-Dominique Couzinet, Histoire et méthode à la Renaissance: une lecture de la Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem de Jean Bodin (Paris, 1996), and Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature: Jean Bodin and Renaissance Science (Princeton, 1997).
106. Gadamer, Truth and Method, 328.