Turbulence and mixing in Holmboe waves

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 694-711

  Smyth, W D ^a   Winters, K B ^b  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; SHEAR FLOW; TURBULENT FLOW; WATER WAVES;

HOLMBOE WAVES;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

INTERNAL WAVE; NUMERICAL MODEL; SHEAR FLOW; TURBULENT MIXING;

EID: 0141637399     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)33<694:TAMIHW>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Andreotti, B., 1997: Studying Burgers models to investigate the physical meaning of the alignments statistically observed in turbulence. Phys. Fluids, 9A, 735-742.
2. Baines, P., and H. Mitsudera, 1994: On the mechanism of shear flow instabilities. J. Fluid Mech., 276, 327-342.
3. Batchelor, G. K., 1959: Small-scale variation of convected quantities like temperature in turbulent fluid. J. Fluid Mech., 5, 113-133.
4. Batchelor, G. K., 1967: An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, 615 pp.
5. Browand, F., and C. Winant, 1973: Laboratory observations of shear instability in a stratified fluid. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 5, 67-77.
6. Caulfield, C., 1994: Multiple linear instability of layered stratified shear flow. J. Fluid Mech., 258, 255-285.
7. Caulfield, C., and W. Peltier, 1994: Three-dimensionalization of the stratified mixing layer. Phys. Fluids, 6A, 3803-3805.
8. Caulfield, C., and W. Peltier, 2000: Anatomy of the mixing transition in homogeneous and stratified free shear layers. J. Fluid Mech., 413, 1-47.
9. Cortesi, A., G. Yadigaroglu, and S. Banerjee. 1998: Numerical investigation of the formation of three-dimensional structures in stably-stratified mixing layers. Phys. Fluids, 10A, 1449-1473.
10. Cortesi, A., B. Smith, C. Yadigaroglu, and S. Banerjee, 1999: Numerical investigation of the entrainment and mixing processes in neutral and stably-stratified mixing layers. Phys. Fluids, 11A, 162-185.
11. DeSilva, I., H. Fernando, F. Eaton, and D. Hebert, 1996: Evolution of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in nature and laboratory. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 143, 217-231.
12. Farmer, D., and J. Smith, 1980: Tidal interaction of stratified flow with a sill in Knight Inlet. Deep-Sea Res., 27, 239-254.
13. Farmer, D., and L. Armi, 1999: Stratified flow over topography: The role of small-scale entrainment and mixing in flow establishment. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 455A, 3221-3258.
14. Gregg, M. C., 1987: Diapycnal mixing in the thermocline: A review. J. Geophys. Res., 92 (C5). 5249 5286.
15. Haigh, S., and G. Lawrence, 1999: Symmetric and nonsymmetric Holmboe instabilities in an inviscid flow. Phys. Fluids, 11, 1459-1468.
16. Hazel, P., 1972: Numerical studies of the stability of inviscid parallel shear flows. J. Fluid Mech., 51, 39-62.
17. Head, M., and P. Bandyopadhyay, 1981: New aspects of turbulent boundary layer structure. J. Fluid Mech., 107, 297-338.
18. Hebert, D., J. Moum, C. Paulson, and D. Caldwell, 1992: Turbulence and internal waves at the equator. Part II: Details of a single event. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1346-1356.
19. Hogg, A. M., and G. Ivey, 2002: The Kelvin-Helmholtz to Holmboe instability transition in stratified exchange flows. J. Fluid Mech., in press.
20. Holmboe, J., 1962: On the behaviour of symmetric waves in stratified shear layers. Geophys. Publ., 24, 67-113.
21. Howard, L., 1961: Note on a paper of John W. Miles. J. Fluid Mech., 10, 509-512.
22. Jimenez, J., 1992: Kinematic alignment effects in turbulent flows. Phys. Fluids, 4A, 652-654.
23. Jimenez, J., and A. A. Wray, 1998: On the characteristics of vortex filaments in isotropic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 373, 255-285.
24. Klaassen. G., and W. Peltier, 1985a: The evolution of finite-amplitude Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in two spatial dimensions. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1321-1339.
25. Klaassen, G., and W. Peltier, 1985b: The onset of turbulence in finite-amplitude Kelvin-Helmholtz billows. J. Fluid Mech., 155, 1-35.
26. Klaassen, G., and W. Peltier, 1989: The role of transverse secondary instabilities in the evolution of free shear layers. J. Fluid Mech., 202, 367-402.
27. Klaassen, G., and W. Peltier, 1991: The influence of stratification on secondary instability in free shear layers. J. Fluid Mech., 227, 71-106.
28. Koop, C., and F. Browand, 1979: Instability and turbulence in a stratified layer with shear. J. Fluid Mech., 93, 135-159.
29. Lawrence, G., F. Browand, and L. Redekopp, 1991: Stability of a sheared density interface. Phys. Fluids, 3A, 2360-2370.
30. Lawrence, G., S. Haigh, and Z. Zhu, 1998: In search of Holmboe's instability, Physical Processes in Lakes and Oceans, J. Imberger, Ed., Amer. Geophys. Union, 295-304.
31. Lin, S., and G. Corcos, 1984: The mixing layer: Deterministic models of a turbulent flow. Part 3: The effect of plane strain on the dynamics of streamwise vortices. J. Fluid Mech., 141, 139-187.
32. Miles, J., 1961: On the stability of heterogeneous shear flows. J. Fluid Mech., 10, 496-508.
33. Moin, P ., and K. Mahesh, 1998: Direct numerical simulation: A tool in turbulence research. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 30, 539-578.
34. Moum, J., 1996: Energy-containing scales of turbulence in the ocean thermocline. J. Geophys. Res., 101 (C6), 14 095-14 109.
35. Patnaik, P., F. Sherman, and G. Corcos, 1976: A numerical simulation of Kelvin-Helmholtz waves of finite amplitude. J. Fluid Mech., 73, 215-240.
36. Pouliquen, S., J. Chomaz, and P. Huerre, 1994: Propagating Holmboe waves at the interface between two immiscible fluids. J. Fluid Mech., 266, 277-302.
37. Scinocca, J., 1995: The mixing of mass and momentum by Kelvin-Helmholtz billows. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2509-2530,
38. Seim, H., and M. Gregg, 1994: Detailed observations of a naturally-occurring shear instability. J. Geophys. Res., 99 (C5), 10 049-10 073.
39. Smyth, W., 1999: Dissipation range geometry and scalar spectra in sheared, stratified turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 401, 209-242.
40. Smyth, W., and W. Peltier, 1989: The transition between Kelvin-Helmholtz and Holmboe instability: An investigation of the overreflection hypothesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3698-3720.
41. Smyth, W., and W. Peltier, 1990: Three-dimensional primary instabilities of a stratified, dissipative, parallel flow. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 52, 249-261.
42. Smyth, W., and W. Peltier, 1991: Instability and transition in Kelvin-Helmholtz and Holmboe waves. J. Fluid Mech., 228, 387-415.
43. Smyth, W., and W. Peltier, 1994: Three-dimensionalization of barotropic vortices on the f-plane. J. Fluid Mech., 265, 25-64.
44. Smyth, W., and J. Moum, 2000a: Anisotropy of turbulence in stably stratified mixing layers. Phys. Fluids, 12, 1343-1362.
45. Smyth, W., and J. Moum, 2000b: Length scales of turbulence in stably stratified mixing layers. Phys. Fluids, 12, 1327-1342.
46. Smyth, W., G. Klaassen, and W. R. Peltier, 1988: Finite amplitude Holmboe waves. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 43, 181-222.
47. Smyth, W., J. Moum, and D. Caldwell, 2001: The efficiency of mixing in turbulent patches: Inferences from direct simulations and microstructure observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr, 31, 1969-1992.
48. Staquet, C., 2000: Mixing in a stably stratified shear layer: Two-and three-dimensional numerical experiments. Fluid. Dyn. Res., 27, 367-404.
49. Strang, E., and H. Fernando, 2001: Entrainment and mixing in stratified shear flows. J. Fluid Mech., 428, 349-386.
50. Thorpe, S., 1973: Turbulence in stably stratified fluids: A review of laboratory experiments. Bound-Layer Meteor., 5, 95.
51. Thorpe, S., 1985: Laboratory observations of secondary structures in Kelvin-Helmholtz billows and consequences for ocean mixing. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 34, 175-199.
52. Thorpe, S., 1987: Transition phenomena and the development of turbulence in stratified fluids. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5231-5245.
53. Winters, K., and E. A. D'Asaro, 1996: Diascalar flux and the rate of fluid mixing. J. Fluid Mech., 317, 179-193.
54. Winters, K., P. Lombard, J. Riley, and E. A. D'Asaro, 1995: Available potential energy and mixing in density-stratified fluids. J. Fluid Mech., 289, 115-128.
55. Yonemitsu, N., G. Swaters, N. Rajaratnam, and G. Lawrence, 1996: Shear instabilities in arrested salt-wedge flows. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 24, 173-182.
56. Yoshida, S., M. Ohtani, S. Nishida, and P. Linden, 1998: Mixing processes in a highly stratified river. Physical Processes in Lakes and Oceans, J. Imberger, Ed., Amer. Geophys. Union , 389-400.
57. Zhu, D., and G. Lawrence, 2001: Holmboe's instability in exchange flows. J. Fluid Mech., 429, 391-409.