Health effects of exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)

Occupational Medicine

Volumn 53, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 357-362

  Heron, Richard J L ^a   Pickering, F C ^b  

^a ASTRAZENECA   (United Kingdom)

^b SANOFI   (France)

Author keywords

Active pharmaceutical ingredient; Acute phamacological effects; Broncho constriction; Epidemiology; Health effects; Morbidity; Mortality; Occupational disease; Respiratory sensitization; Skin sensitization; Steroids

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CARMUSTINE; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CHLORMETHINE; CIMETIDINE; COLECALCIFEROL; CORTICOSTEROID; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; ESTROGEN DERIVATIVE; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; GESTAGEN; GLIBENCLAMIDE; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; LEVONORGESTREL; LISINOPRIL; METHYLDOPA; MITOMYCIN C; OPIATE DERIVATIVE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PROGESTERONE; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; RANITIDINE; SALBUTAMOL; SEX HORMONE; STEROID; UNINDEXED DRUG;

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE; BRONCHOSPASM; CONTROL STRATEGY; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG SENSITIZATION; GYNECOMASTIA; HUMAN; INDUSTRIAL WORKER; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDLINE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; OCCUPATIONAL SKIN DISEASE; OCCUPATIONAL TOXICOLOGY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTECTION; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN SENSITIZATION;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; DERMATITIS, OCCUPATIONAL; DRUG INDUSTRY; HORMONES; HUMANS; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS;

EID: 0141618344     PISSN: 09627480     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqg115     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Teichmann RF, Fleming-Fallon L, Brandt-Rauf PW. Health effects on Workers in the pharmaceutical industry: a review. J Soc Occup Med 1988;38:55-57.
2. Huyart A. La prévention du risque toxique lié à la fabrication des médicaments. Recueil des pratiques développées dans 6 entreprises, Mémoire de stage. Paris: Caisse régionale d'Assurance maladie d'Ile-de-France, Prévention des risques professionnels, Unité hygiène industrielle et pathologie professionnelle, 1997.
3. Albert F, Bassani R, Coen D, Vismara A. Hypoglycaemia by inhalation. Lancet 1993;342:47-48.
4. Baxter PJ, Samuel AM, Aw TC, Cocker J. Exposure to quinalbarbitone sodium in pharmaceutical workers. Br Medy J (Clin Res Ed) 1986;292:660-661.
5. Jibani M, Hodges NH. Prolonged hypercalcaemia after industrial exposure to vitamin D3. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985;290:748-749.
6. Scarff RW, Smith CP Proliferative and other lesions of the male breast in stilboestrol workers Br J Surg 1942;29:393-396.
7. Suciu I, Lazar V, Visinecu I, et al. A propos de certaines modifications neuro-endocriniennes provoquées par la fabrication de l'acétoxyprogestérone. Arch Mal Prof 1973;34:137-142.
8. Harrington JM, Stein GF, Rivera RO, de Morales AV. The occupational hazards of formulating oral contraceptives - a survey of plant employees. Arch Environ Health 1978;33:12-15.
9. Shmunes E, David JB. Urinary monitoring for diethylstilbestrol in male chemical workers. J Occup Med 1981;23:179-182.
10. Mills JL, Jeffreys JL, Stolley PD. Effects of occupational exposure to estrogen and progesterones and how to detect them. J Occup Med 1984;26:269-272.
11. Taskinen H, Lindbohm ML, Hemminki K. Spontaneous abortions among women working in the pharmaceutical industry. Br J Ind Med 1986;43:199-205.
12. Shamy MY, Soliman OE, Osman HA, el-Gazzar RM. Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to contraceptive drugs. Ind Health 1996;34:267-277.
13. Newton RW, Browning MC, Iqbal J, Piercy N, Adamson DG. Adrenocortical suppression in workers employed in manufacturing synthetic glucocorticosteroids: solutions to a problem. Br J Ind Med 1982;39:179-182.
14. Pezzarossa A, Angiolini A, Cimicchi MC, D'Amato L, Valenti G, Gnudi A. Adrenal suppression after long-term exposure to occupational steroids followed by rapid recovery. Lancet 1987;1:515 [Letter].
15. Moroni P, Pierini F, Cazzaniga R, Nava C, Fortuna R, Petazzi A. Osserviazioni su una casistica di lavoratori professionalmente esposti a corticos eroidi [Observations on a case load of workers occupationally exposed to corticosteroids]. Med Lav 1988;79:142-149.
16. Sessink PJ, Friemel NS, Anzion RB, Bos RP. Biological and environmental monitoring of occupational exposure of pharmaceutical plant workers to methotrexate. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1994;65:401-403.
17. Sessink PJ, Timmersmans JL, Anzion RB, Bos RP. Assessment of occupational exposure of pharmaceutical plant workers to 5-fluorouracil. Determination of alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine in urine. J Occup Med 1994;36:79-83.
18. Davies RJ, Hendrick DJ, Pepys J. Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents: ampicillin, benzyl penicillin, 6 amino penicillanic acid and related substances. Clin Allergy 1974;4:227-247.
19. Coutts II, Dally MB, Taylor AJ, Pickering CA, Horsfield N. Asthma in workers manufacturing cephalosporins. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981;10283:950.
20. Colten HR, Polakoff PL, Weinstein SF, Strieder DJ. Immediate hypersensitivity to hog trypsin resulting from industrial exposure. N Engl J Med 1975;292:1050-1053.
21. Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;73:574-577.
22. Wiessmann FJ, Baur X. Occupational lung disease following long-term inhalation of pancreatic extracts. Eur J Respir Dis 1985;66:13-20.
23. Pauwels R, Devos M, Callens L, van der Straeten M. Respiratory hazards from proteolytic enzymes. Lancet 1978;1:669.
24. Coutts IL, Lozewicz S, Dally MB, Newman-Taylor AJ, Burge PS, Flind AC, Rogers DJ. Respiratory symptoms related to work in a factory manufacturing cimetidine tablets. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984;288:1418
25. Deschamps F, Lavaud F, Prevost A, Perdu D. Occupational origin of ACE inhibitor cough. J Occup Environ Med 1995;37:664-665.
26. Harries MG, Taylor AN, Wooden J, MacAuslan A. Bronchial asthma due to alpha-methyldopa. Br Med J 1979;1:1461
27. Agius RM, Davison AG, Hawkins ER, Newman Taylor AJ. Occupational asthma in salbutamol process workers. Occup Environ Med 1994;51:397-399.
28. Agius R. Opiate inhalation and occupational asthma. Br Med J 1989;298:323.
29. Biagini RE, Bernstein DM, Klincewicz SL, Mittman R, Bernstein IL, Henningsen GM. Evaluation of cutaneous responses and lung function from exposure to opiate compounds among ethicalnarcotics-manufacturing workers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;89:108-118.
30. Gorski P, Ulinski S. Effect of occupational exposure to opiates on the respiratory system. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 1996;9:245-253.
31. Biagini RE, Klincewicz SL, Henningsen GM, et al. Antibodies to morphine in workers exposed to opiates at a narcotics manufacturing facility and evidence for similar antibodies in heroin abusers. Life Sci 1990;47:897-908.
32. Ryan PJJ, Rycroft RJG, Aston IR. Allergic contact dermatitis from occupational exposure to ranitidine hydrochloride. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48:67-68.
33. Hung Dz, Deng JF, Tsai WJ. Dermatitis caused by dimethyl cyanocarbonimidodithioate. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1992;30:351-358.
34. Vilaplana J, Romaguera C. Allergic contact dermatitis due to lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. Contact Dermatitis 2001;44:39.
35. Veelken H, Sklar JL, Wood GS. Detection of low-level tumour cells in allergic contact dermatitis induced by mechlorethamine in patients with mycosis fungoides. J Invest Dermatol 1996;106:635-638.
36. Reddy VB, Ramsay D, Garcia JA, Kamino H. Atypical cutaneous changes after topical treatment with nitrogen mustard in patients with mycosis fungoides. Am J Dermatopathol 1996;18:19-23.
37. Gomez Torrijos E, Borja J, Galindo PA, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis from mitomycin C. Allergy 1997;52:687.
38. Thomson KF, Sheehan-Dare RA, Wilkinson SM. Allergic contact dermatitis from topical carmustine. Contact Dermatitis 2000;42:112.
39. Goon ATJ, McFadden JP, McCann M, Royds C, Rycroft RJG. Allergic contact dermatitis from melphalan and chlorambucil: cross-sensitivity or cosensitization? Contact Dermatitis 2000;47:309.
40. Notani PN, Shah P, Jayant K, Balakrishnan V. Occupation and cancers of the lung and bladder: a case-control study in Bombay. Int J Epidemiol 1993;22:185-191.
41. Heinemann K, Willich SN, Heinemann LA, DoMinh T, Mohner M, Heuchert GE. Occupational exposure and liver cancer in women: results of the Multicentre International Liver Tumour Study (MILTS). Occup Med (Lond) 2000;50:422-429.
42. Baker CC, Russell RA, Roder DM, Esterman AJ. A nine year retrospective mortality study of workers in a British pharmaceutical company. J Soc Occup Med 1986;36:95-98.
43. Harrington JM, Goldblatt P. Census based mortality study of pharmaceutical industry workers. Br J Ind Med 1986;43:206-211.
44. Edling C, Friis L, Mikoczy Z, Hagmar L, Lindfors P. Cancer incidence among pharmaceutical workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1995;21:116-123.
45. Hansen J, Olsen JH, Larsen AI. Cancer morbidity among employees in a Danish pharmaceutical plant. Int J Epidemiol 1994;23:891-898.
46. Binks SP. Occupational toxocology and the control of exposure to pharmaceutical agents at work. Occup Med (Lond) 2003;53:363-370.