Regional integration among the unequal: A CGE model of NAFTA and the Central American republics

North American Journal of Economics and Finance

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 235-292

  Hinojosa Ojeda, Raúl A ^a   Robinson, Sherman ^b   De Paolis, Fernando ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Central America; Economic Integration; F14; F15; NAFTA; O54; Trade

Indexed keywords

EID: 0141608901     PISSN: 10629408     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1062-9408(99)00017-0     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Alston J.M., Carter C.A., Green R., Pick D. Whither Armington trade models? Am J Agr Econ. 72:(2):1989;455-467.
2. Armington P. A theory of demand for products distinguished by place of production. IMF Staff Papers. 16:(1):1969;159-178.
3. Balassa B. The Theory of Economic Integration. 1961;Richard D. Irwin, Homewood, IL.
4. Baldwin R.E. The growth effects of 1992. Economic Policy. 9:1989;247-281.
5. Ballestero, F., & Rodriguez, E. (1997). Central America: Towards a harmonized economic area. Integration and Trade 1(1) (Jan-April), 2-36.
6. Bean F.D., Edmonston B., Passel J.S. Undocumented Migration to the United States IRCA and the Experience of the 1980s . 1990;Urban Institute Press, Washington, DC.
7. Bhagwati, J. (1971). Trade diverting customs unions and welfare improvement: A clarification. Economic Journal 81, September.
8. Bitar S., Bradford C. Strategic Options for Latin America in the 1990s. 1992;OECD, Paris.
9. Blackman C.N. Tourism and other services in the Anglophone Caribbean. Maingot A.P. Small Country Development and International Labor Flows Experiences in the Caribbean . 1991;Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
10. Brooke A., Kendrick D., Meeraus A. GAMS A User's Guide . 1988;The Scientific Press, Redwood City, CA.
11. Brown, D. (1987). Tariffs, the terms of trade, and natural product differentiation. Journal of Policy Modeling 9, (Autumn), 503-526.
12. Brown D. The impact of a North American free trade area Applied general equilibrium models . Lustig N., Bosworth B., Lawrence R. North American Free Trade Assessing the Impact . 1992;The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC.
13. CEPAL (1991). Remesas y Economía Familiar en El Salvador, Guatemala y Nicaragua. 25 de junio de 1991.
14. CEPAL (1996). Las Exportaciones de Paises Pequenos en el Mercado de los Estados Unidos: Efectos del TLCAN y la Devaluacion Mexicana. Documento discutido en la Reunión de Expertos sobre la Competitividad Regional en Centroamérica. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. Mexico, D.F., (5 y 6 de diciembre).
15. CEPAL (1996). Estudio Comparativo de la Competitividad en Centroamérica: Un Posible Modelo de sus Determinantes. Documento discutido en la Reunión de Expertos sobre la Competitividad Regional en Centroamérica. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. Mexico, D.F., (5 y 6 de diciembre).
16. Chacholiades M. International Trade Theory and Policy. 1978;McGraw-Hill, Inc, New York.
17. Chichilnisky, G. (1992). Strategies for Trade Liberalization in the Americas. IDB/ECLAC Working Papers on Trade in the Western Hemisphere, # WP-TWH-30.
18. Clark D.P., Zarrilli S. Non-Tariff Measures and United States Imports of CBERA-eligible Products. 1993;UNCTAD, Geneva.
19. Coatsworth, J. H. (1994). Central America and the United States: The Clients and the Colossus. New York.
20. Cooper, C. A., & Massell, B. F. (1965). A new look at customs union theory. Economic Journal 75 (December).
21. Corden, W. M. (1972). Economies of scale and customs union theory. Journal of Political Economy 80 (March).
22. Cox D., Harris R. Trade liberalization and industrial organization Some estimates for Canada . Journal of Political Economy. 93:(1):1985;115-145.
23. Deaton A., Muelbauer J. Economics and Consumer Behavior. 1980;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
24. Devarajan S., Lewis J.D., Robinson S. Policy lessons from trade-focused, two-sector models. Journal of Policy Modeling. 12:1990;625-657.
25. Devarajan, S., Lewis, J. D., & Robinson, S. (1991). From Stylized to Applied Models: Building Multisector CGE Models for Policy Analysis. Working Paper No. 616, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California at Berkeley.
26. Devarajan, S., & Rodrik, D. (1989). Trade liberalization in developing countries: Do imperfect competition and scale economies matter? American Economic Review 79(2) (May), 283-287.
27. Dickens W.T., Lang K. Why it matters what we trade A case for active policy . Tyson L., Dickens W., Zysman J. The Dynamics of Trade and Employment. 1988;Ballinger Publishing Co, Cambridge, MA.
28. Edwards S. Latin America A Decade After the Debt Crisis . 1993;World Bank, Washington, DC.
29. El-Agraa, A. M. (1989). The Theory and Measurement of International Economic Integration. New York: St. Martin's Press.
30. Escaith, H. (1997). The countries of the Central American common market and the challenges of a hemispheric free trade area: The extent of macroeconomic preparedness. Integration and Trade 1(1), (Jan-April), 37-59.
31. Escobar, A. (1998). Migración y Desarrollo en América del Norte y Centroamérica: Una Visión Sintética. Organización Internacional para las Migraciones y Comisión para América Latina y el Caribe.
32. Folke S., Fold N., Enevoldsen T. South-South Trade and Development. 1993;St. Martin's Press, New York.
33. Gehrels F. Customs union from a single-country viewpoint. Review of Economic Studies. 24:1956.
34. Girot, P. O. Soberanía, Fronteras y Pueblos Centroamericanos: Hacia Una Redefinición Para El Siglo XXI. Escuela de Geografía, Universidad de Costa Rica.
35. Goldin I., Knudsen O., van der Mensbrugghe D. Trade Liberalisation Global Economic Implications . 1993;OECD, Paris.
36. Green, R., & Alston, J. M. (1990). Elasticities in AIDS models. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 72(2) (May), 442-445.
37. Gunter F. Customs union theory Retrospect and prospect . Greenway D., Hyclak T., Thornton R. Economic Aspects of Regional Trading Arrangements. 1989;New York University Press, New York.
38. Gunter, F., & Meldrum, D. H. (1993). The Effects of Customs Union Formation On Non-member Countries' Welfare. Paper presented at the 1993 Southern Economic Association Conference, New Orleans, November 21.
39. Hanson, K., Robinson, S., & Tokarick, S. (1990). United States Adjustment in the 1990s: A CGE Analysis of Alternative Trade Strategies. Staff Report AGES9031, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC.
40. Harris, R. (1984). Applied general equilibrium analysis of small open economies with scale economies and imperfect competition. American Economic Review 74(5) (December), 1016-1032.
41. Hazlewood, A. (1987). Customs Unions. Entry in The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics. New York: Stockton Press.
42. Helpman E., Krugman P.R. Market Structure and Foreign Trade Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition, and the International Economy . 1985;MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
43. Hinojosa-Ojeda, R. (1993). North American Free Trade and Migration. Paper OCDE/GD(93)45, presented at the conference Migration and International Cooperation: Challenges for OECD Countries, Madrid, 29th-31st March, 1993.
44. Hinojosa-Ojeda, R., Lewis, J. D., & Robinson, S. (1994). Regional Integration in North America: NAFTA, Central America, and the Caribbean. Processed, May 1994.
45. Hinojosa-Ojeda, R., & McCleery, R. (1992). U.S.-Mexico interdependence, social pacts and policy perspectives: A computable general equilibrium approach. In Bustamante, J., Reynolds, C., & Hinojosa-Ojeda, R. (Eds.). U.S. Mexican Relations: Labor Market Interdependence. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1992.
46. Hinojosa-Ojeda, R., McCleery, R., & De Paolis, F. (1998). Economic Effects on NAFTA: Employment and Migration Modelling Results. A paper presented at the Seminar on Migration, Free Trade and Regional Integration in North America, organized by the OECD, Mexico, Canada, and the United States. Mexico City, (January 15-16).
47. Hinojosa-Ojeda, R., & Robinson, S. (1991). Alternative Scenarios of U.S.-Mexico Integration: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach. Working Paper No. 609, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley.
48. Hinojosa-Ojeda R., Robinson S. Labor issues in a North American free trade area. Lustig N., Bosworth B., Lawrence R. North American Free Trade Assessing the Impact . 1992;The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC.
49. Hinojosa-Ojeda, R., Robinson, S., & Wolff, G. (1992). The Impact of a North American Free Trade Agreement on California: A Summary of Key Research Findings. Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies, UCLA, Working Paper No. 3.
50. International Monetary Fund (1993). Direction of Trade Statistics. Washington, DC: IMF.
51. International Monetary Fund (1993). International Financial Statistics Yearbook 1993. Washington, DC: IMF.
52. Johnson H. Money, Trade and Economic Growth. 1962;Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
53. Katz L., Summers L. Can interindustry wage differentials justify strategic trade policy? Feenstra R. Trade Polices for International Competitiveness. 1989;University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
54. Kemp M.C. A Contribution to the General Equilibrium Theory of Preferential Trading. 1969;North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
55. Kilkenny, M. (1991). Computable General Equilibrium Modeling of Agricultural Policies: Documentation of the 30-Sectory FPGE GAMS Model of the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Staff Report No. AGES 9125.
56. Kilkenny M., Robinson S. Computable general equilibrium analysis of agricultural liberalization Factor mobility and macro closure . Journal of Policy Modeling. 12:1990;527-556.
57. Krauss, M. B. (1972). Recent developments in customs union theory: An interpretive survey. Journal of Economic Literature X (June).
58. Leibenstein, H. (1966). Allocative efficiency versus "X-Efficiency'. American Economic Review 56 (June).
59. Lipsey, R. G. (1957). The theory of customs unions: Trade diversion and welfare. Economica (June).
60. Lipsey, R. G. (1960). The theory of customs unions: A general survey. Economic Journal LXX (September).
61. Lipsey R.G. The Theory of Customs Unions A General Equilibrium Analysis . 1970;Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
62. Lozano, F. A. (1993). Bringing It Back Home: Remittances to Mexico from Migrant Workers in the United States. Monograph Series, 37, Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego.
63. Meade J.E. The Theory of Customs Unions. 1955;North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
64. de Melo, J., & Panagariya, A. (Eds). (1993). New Dimensions in Regional Integration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
65. de Melo, J., & Robinson, S. (1989). Product differentiation and the treatment of foreign trade in computable general equilibrium models of small economies. Journal of International Economics 27(12) (August), 47-67.
66. de Melo J., Robinson S. Productivity and externalities Models of export-led growth . Journal of International Trade and Economic Development. 1:(1):1992;41-68.
67. de Melo J., Tarr D. A General Equilibrium Analysis of U.S. Foreign Trade Policy. 1992;MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
68. Melvin, J. R. (1969). Comments on the theory of customs unions. Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies 36 (June).
69. Nogués, J. J., & Quintanilla, R. (1993). Latin America's integration. In de Melo, J., & Panagariya, A. (Eds.). (1993). New Dimensions in Regional Integration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
70. OECD (1990). Special issue: Modelling the effects of agricultural policies. OECD Economic Studies 13 (Winter, 1989-90).
71. Pantojas-García, E. (1993). Free Trade and U.S.-Caribbean Basin Relations: The Specter of the North American Free Trade Agreement. Monograph, Institute of Caribbean Studies, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, May, 1993.
72. Pelzman, J., & Schoepfle, G. K. (1992). U.S.-Caribbean economic relations. In Tirado de Alonso, I. (Ed.). (1992). Trade Issues in the Caribbean. Philadelphia: Gordon and Breach.
73. Peters, E. D. (1996). Tendencias Recientes en el Comercio de Centroamérica: Efectos de los aranceles de los Estados Unidos en el caso de los textiles y las prendas de vestir, 1990-1995. Documento discutido en la Reunión de Expertos sobre la Competitividad Regional en Centroamérica. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. Mexico, D. F., (5 y 6 de diciembre).
74. Portes A., Guarnizo L.E. Tropical capitalists U.S.-bound immigration and small-enterprise development in the Dominican Republic . Díaz-Briquets S., Weintraub S. Migration, Remittances, and Small Business Development. 1991;Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
75. Pyatt, G., & Round, J. I. (Eds.). (1985). Social Accounting Matrices: A Basis for Planning. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
76. Robert, C. (1997). Unfair Trade in Central America: The New Regulation, the GATT, and the Regional Integration Process. Integration and Trade 1(1), (Jan-April), 60-78.
77. Robinson, S., Burfisher, M. E., Hinojosa-Ojeda, R., & Thierfelder, K. E. (1993). Agricultural policies and migration in a U.S.-Mexico free trade area. Journal of Policy Modeling 15(5 & 6) (October-December).
78. Robinson, S., Soule, M., & Weyerbrock, S. (1991). Import Demand Functions, Trade Volume, and Terms-of-Trade Effects in Multi-Country Trade Models. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California at Berkeley.
79. Robson P. The Economies of International Integration. 1987;George Allen & Unwin Publishers, Boston, MA.
80. Rodriguez, E. (1994). Central America: Common market, trade liberalization, and trade agreements. In Bouzas, R., & Ros, J. (Eds.). Economic Integration in the Western Hemisphere. Notre Dame, Indiana.
81. Rosenthal, G. (1997). Preliminary Overview of the Economy of Latin America and the Caribbean - 1997. Presented at the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean headquarters in Santiago, Chile, December 17.
82. Saborio, S. (1992). U.S.-Central America Free Trade. In Saborio, S. (Ed.). The Premise and the Promise: Free Trade in the Americas. Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council.
83. Saborio, S. (1992). Centroamérica en los años noventa: el reto de la apertura. In Bouzas, R., & Lustig, N. (1992). Liberalización Comercial e Integración Regional: De NAFTA a MERCOSUR. Buenos Aires: Grupo Editor Latinoamericano.
84. Schoepfle, G., & Pérez López, J. (1992). Export-oriented assembly operations in the Caribbean. In Tirado de Alonso, I. (Ed.). (1992). Trade Issues in the Caribbean. Philadelphia: Gordon and Breach.
85. Schoepfle, G., & Pérez López, J. (1990). Export-Oriented Assembly Operations in Mexico and the Caribbean Basin. Working Paper #16, Commission for the Study of International Migration and Cooperative Economic Development, Washington, DC.
86. Scitovsky T. Economic Theory and Western European Integration. 1958;Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
87. Shoven, J. B., & Whalley, J. (1984). Applied general equilibrium models of taxation and international trade. Journal of Economic Literature 22(3) (September), 1007-1051.
88. U.S. Chamber of Commerce (1992). A Guide to the North American Free Trade Agreement: What it Means for U.S. Business. Washington, DC: U.S. Chamber of Commerce.
89. U.S. Department of Commerce (1993). U.S. Direct Investment Abroad. Washington, DC.
90. U.S. Department of Commerce (1993). Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. Washington, DC.
91. U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (1992). Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1991. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
92. USITC (1992). Potential Effects of a North American Free Trade Agreement on Apparel Investment in CBERA Countries. Washington, DC: USITC Publication 2541.
93. Vanek J. International Trade Theory and Economic Policy . 1962;Richard D. Irwin, Inc, Homewood, IL.
94. Venables A.J. Trade and trade policy with imperfect competition The case of identical products and free entry . Journal of International Economics. 19:1985;1-20.
95. Viner J. The Customs Union Issue. 1950;Carnegie Endowment for Internation Peace, New York.
96. Whalley J. Trade Liberalization Among Major World Trading Areas. 1985;MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
97. World Development Report 1997. 1997;World Bank, Washington, DC.
98. World Tourism Organization (1997). Yearbook of Tourism Statistics. Madrid, Spain.
99. Don't shoot the messenger; granting Mexico-like trading status to Central American and Caribbean nations. Information Access Company and Apparel Industry Magazine. No. 9, Vol. 58; pp. 4. September, 1997. Downloaded from LEXIS®-NEXIS® Academic Universe, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.
100. Zubieta, C. (1998). Trade-Americas: FTAA A Counterweight to NAFTA for Central America. Inter Press Service. Guatemala, April 17. Downloaded from LEXIS®-NEXIS® Academic Universe, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.