Glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia;Hipótese glutamatérgica da esquizofrenia

Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 177-183

  Bressan, Rodrigo A ^a,b,c   Pilowsky, Lyn S ^b  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c Section of Neurochemical Imaging   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Dopamine; Glutamate; NMDA receptors; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

2 AMINO 5 PHOSPHONOVALERIC ACID; 2 AMINO 7 PHOSPHONOHEPTANOIC ACID; 4 (3 PHOSPHONOALLYL) 2 PIPERAZINECARBOXYLIC ACID; 4 PHOSPHONOMETHYLPIPECOLIC ACID; 5,5' DITHIOBIS(2 NITROBENZOIC ACID); AMPA RECEPTOR; APTIGANEL; ASPARTIC ACID; CYCLOSERINE; DEXTRO SERINE; DIZOCILPINE; DOPAMINE; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR AGONIST; GLUTAMIC ACID; HALOPERIDOL; HOMOCYSTEINE; IFENPRODIL; KAINIC ACID RECEPTOR; MDL 105572; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; QUINOLINIC ACID; SEROTONIN AGONIST; SPERMIDINE; SPERMINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PSYCHOPATHY; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 0141570806     PISSN: 15164446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462003000300011     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Kapur S, Seeman P. Does fast dissociation from the dopamine d(2) receptor explain the action of atypical antipsychotics? A new hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:360-9.
2. Deakin JF, Simpson MD. A two-process theory of schizophrenia: evidence from studies in post-mortem brain. J Psychiatr Res 1997;31:277-95.
3. Deakin JF, Slater P, Simpson MD, Gilchrist AC, Skan WJ, Royston MC, et al. Frontal cortical and left temporal glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia. J Neurochem 1989;52:1781-6.
4. Bliss TV, Collingridge GL. A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature 1993;361:31-9.
5. Cotman CW, Kahle JS, Miller SE, Ulas J, Bridges RJ. Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress. In: Borroni E, Kupfer DJ, eds. New York: Raven Press Ltd; 1995.
6. Dingledine R, Borges K, Bowie D, Traynelis SF. The glutamate receptor ion channels. Pharmacol Rev 1999;51:7-61.
7. Kim JS, Kornhuber HH, Schmid-Burgk W, Holzmuller B. Low cerebrospinal fluid glutamate in schizophrenic patients and a new hypothesis on schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 1980;20:379-82.
8. Macciardi F, Lucca A, Catalano M, Marino C, Zanardi R, Smeraldi E. Amino acid patterns in schizophrenia: some new findings. Psychiatry Res 1990;32:63-70.
9. Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Hagenfeldt L, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA. Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br J Psychiatry 1985;147:276-82.
10. Gattaz WF, Gattaz D, Beckmann H. Glutamate in schizophrenics and healthy controls. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 1982;231:221-5.
11. Perry TL. Normal cerebrospinal fluid and brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia do not support the hypothesis of glutamatergic neuronal dysfunction. Neurosci Lett 1982;28:81-5.
12. Korpi ER, Kaufmann CA, Mamela KM, Weinberger DR. Cerebrospinal fluid amino acid concentrations in chronic schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1987;20:337-45.
13. Luby ED, Cohen BD, Rosembum P, Gottlieb JS, Kelley R. Study of a new schizophrenomimetic drug, Sernyl. Arch Neurology Psychiatry 1959;81:363-9.
14. Lodge D, Anis NA. Effects of phencyclidine on excitatory amino acid activation of spinal interneurones in the cat. Eur J Pharmacol 1982;77:203-4.
15. Javitt DC, Zukin SR. Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:1301-8.
16. Olney JW, Farber NB. NMDA antagonists as neurotherapeutic drugs, psychotogens, neurotoxins, and research tools for studying schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacol 1995;13:335-45.
17. Krystal JH, Karper LP, Seibyl JP, Freeman GK, Delaney R, Bremner JD, et al. Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:199-214.
18. Newcomer JW, Farber NB, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Selke G, Melson AK, Hershey T, et al. Ketamine-induced NMDA receptor hypofunction as a model of memory impairment and psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacol 1999;20:106-18.
19. Hetem LA, Danion JM, Diemunsch P, Brandt C. Effect of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine on memory and conscious awareness in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacol (Berl) 2000;152:283-8.
20. Itil T, Keskiner A, Kiremitci N, Holden JM. Effect of phencyclidine in chronic schizophrenics. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 1967;12:209-12.
21. Lahti AC, Koffel B, LaPorte D, Tamminga CA. Subanesthetic doses of ketamine stimulate psychosis in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 1995;13:9-19.
22. Malhotra AK, Pinals DA, Adler CM, Elman I, Clifton A, Pickar D, Breier A. Ketamine-induced exacerbation of psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment in neuroleptic-free schizophrenics. Neuropsychopharmacology 1997;17:141-50.
23. Mohn AR, Gainetdinov RR, Caron MG, Koller BH. Mice with reduced NMDA receptor expression display behaviors related to schizophrenia. Cell 1999;98:427-36.
24. Moghaddam B, Adams B, Verma A, Daly D. Activation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by ketamine: a novel step in the pathway from NMDA receptor blockade to dopaminergic and cognitive disruptions associated with the prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 1997;17:2921-7.
25. Moghaddam B, Adams BW. Reversal of phencyclidine effects by a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist in rats. Science 1998;281:1349-52.
26. Anand A, Charney DS, Oren DA, Berman RM, Hu XS, Cappiello A, Krystal JH. Attenuation of the neuropsychiatric effects of ketamine with lamotrigine: support for hyperglutamatergic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:270-6.
27. Heresco-Levy U. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-based treatment approaches in schizophrenia: the first decade. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2000;3:243-58.
28. Bressan RA, Pilowsky LS. Imaging the glutamatergic system in vivo relevance to schizophrenia. Eur J Nucl Med 2000;27:1723-31.
29. Tsai G, Yang P, Chung LC, Lange N, Coyle JT. D-serine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:1081-9.
30. Goff DC, Tsai G, Levitt J, Amico E, Manoach D, Schoenfeld DA, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine added to conventional neuroleptics in patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:21-7.
31. Heresco-Levy U, Javitt DC, Ermilov M, Mordel C, Silipo G, Lichtenstein M. Efficacy of high-dose glycine in the treatment of enduring negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:29-36.
32. Heresco-Levy U, Ermilov M, Shimoni J, Shapira B, Silipo G, Javitt DC. Placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine added to conventional neuroleptics, olanzapine, or risperidone in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:480-2.
33. Potkin SG, Jin Y, Bunney BG, Costa J, Gulasekaram B. Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:145-7.
34. Tsai GE, Yang P, Chung LC, Tsai CW, Coyle JT. D-serine added to clozapine for the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:1822-5.
35. Nordstrom AL, Farde L, Wiesel FA, Forslund K, Pauli S, Halldin C, Uppfeldt G. Central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in relation to antipsychotic drug effects: a double-blind PET study of schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 1993;33:227-35.
36. Kapur S, Barsoum SC, Seeman P. Dopamine D(2) receptor blockade by haloperidol. (3)H-raclopride reveals much higher occupancy than EEDQ. Neuropsychopharmacol 2000;23:595-8.
37. Pilowsky LS, Costa DC, EII PJ, Murray RM, Verhoeff NP, Kerwin RW. Antipsychotic medication, D2 dopamine receptor blockade and clinical response: a 1231 IBZM SPET (single photon emission tomography) study. Psychol Med 1993;23:791-7.
38. Farde L, Nordstrom AL. PET analysis indicates atypical central dopamine receptor occupancy in clozapine-treated patients. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1992;30-33.
39. Pilowsky LS, Costa DC, Ell PJ, Murray RM, Verhoeff NP, Kerwin RW. Clozapine, single photon emission tomography, and the D2 dopamine receptor blockade hypothesis of schizophrenia. Lancet 1992;340:199-202.
40. Laruelle M, Abi-Dargham A, van Dyck CH, Gil R, D'Souza CD, Erdos J, et al. Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in drug-free schizophrenic subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93:9235-40.
41. Breier A, Su TP, Saunders R, Carson RE, Kolachana BS, de Bartolomeis A, et al. Schizophrenia is associated with elevated amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine concentrations: evidence from a novel positron emission tomography method. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997;94:2569-74.
42. Abi-Dargham A, Gil R, Krystal J, Baldwin RM, Seibyl JP, Bowers M, et al. Increased striatal dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: confirmation in a second cohort. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:761-7.
43. Laruelle M, Abi-Dargham A, Gil R, Kegeles L, Innis R. Increased dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: relationship to illness phases. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46:56-72.
44. Moore H, West AR, Grace AA. The regulation of forebrain dopamine transmission: relevance to the pathophysiology and psychopathology of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46:40-55.
45. Deutch AY, Roth RH. The determinants of stress-induced activation of the prefrontal cortical dopamine system. Prog Brain Res 1990;85:367-402.
46. Abercrombie ED, Keefe KA, DiFrischia DS, Zigmond MJ. Differential effect of stress on in vivo dopamine release in striatum, nucleus accumbens, and medial frontal cortex. J Neurochem 1989;52:1655-8.
47. Moghaddam B. Stress activation of glutamate neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex: implications for dopamine-associated psychiatric disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2002;51:775-87.
48. Weinberger DR, Egan MF, Bertolino A, Callicott JH, Mattay VS, Lipska BK, et al. Prefrontal neurons and the genetics of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2001;50:825-44.
49. Bertolino A, Knable MB, Saunders RC, Callicott JH, Kolachana B, Mattay VS, et al. The relationship between dorsolateral prefrontal N-acetylaspartate measures and striatal dopamine activity in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:660-67.
50. Meyer-Lindenberg A, Miletich RS, Kohn PD, Esposito G, Carson RE, Quarantelli M, et al. Reduced prefrontal activity predicts exaggerated striatal dopaminergic function in schizophrenia. Nat Neurosci 2002;5:267-71.
51. Hartvig P, Valtysson J, Antoni G, Westerberg G, Langstrom B, Ratti ME, Oye I. Brain kinetics of (R)- and (S)-[N-methyl-11C]ketamine in the rhesus monkey studied by positron emission tomography (PET). Nucl Med Biol 1994;21:927-34.
52. Ametamey SM, Bruehlmeier M, Kneifel S, Kokic M, Honer M, Arigoni M, et al. PET studies of 18F-memantine in healthy volunteers. Nucl Med Biol 2002;29:227-31.
53. 123I]-CNS1261, a novel SPET ligand for the NMDA receptor ion channel. Schizophrenia Res 2001;49:191.
54. Breier A, Adler CM, Weisenfeld N, Su TP, Elman I, Picken L, Malhotra AK, Pickar D. Effects of NMDA antagonism on striatal dopamine release in healthy subjects: application of a novel PET approach. Synapse 1998;29:142-7.
55. Smith GS, Schloesser R, Brodie JD, Dewey SL, Logan J, Vitkun SA, et al. Glutamate modulation of dopamine measured in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) and 11C-raclopride in normal human subjects. Neuropsychopharmacol 1998;18:18-25.
56. Vollenweider FX, Vontobel P, Oye I, Hell D, Leenders KL. Effects of (S)-ketamine on striatal dopamine: a [11C]raclopride PET study of a model psychosis in humans. J Psychiatr Res 2000;34:35-43.
57. Adler CM, Malhotra AK, Elman I, Carson RE, Pickar D, Breier A. Effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine on striatal dopamine release in esquizofrenia. Schizophrenia Res 1999;36:299.
58. Miller DW, Abercrombie ED. Effects of MK-801 on spontaneous and amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in striatum measured with in vivo microdialysis in awake rats. Brain Res Bull 1996;40:57-62.
59. Kegeles LS, Abi-Dargham A, Zea-Ponce Y, Rodenhiser-Hill J, Mann JJ, Van Heertum RL, et al. Modulation of amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release by ketamine in humans: implications for schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2000;48:627-40.