Role of aerosol variations in anthropogenic ozone depletion in the polar regions

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 101, Issue 17, 1996, Pages 22991-23006

  Portmann, R W ^a,b   Solomon, S ^a   Garcia, R R ^c   Thomason, L W ^d   Poole, L R ^d   McCormick, M P ^d  

^a NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; DEHYDRATION; DENITRIFICATION; OZONE DEPLETION; POLAR REGION; TEMPERATURE;

ANTARCTICA; ARCTIC;

EID: 0141551406     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96jd02608     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. 3 anticorrelation based on in situ ER-2 data, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,465-11,479, 1989.
2. Bojkov, R.D., V.E. Roletov, D.S. Balis, C.S. Zerefos, T.V. Kadygrova, and A.M. Shalamjandky, Further ozone decline during the northern hemisphere winter-spring of 1994-1995 and the new record low ozone over Siberia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2729-2732, 1995.
3. Brune, W.H., J.G. Anderson, D.W. Toohey, D.W. Fahey, S.R. Kawa, R.L. Jones, D.S. KcKenna, and L.R. Poole, The potential for ozone depletion in the Arctic polar stratosphere, Science, 252, 1260-1266, 1991.
4. 3 and water uptake by liquid particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2479-2482, 1994.
5. Chipperfield, M.P., and J.A. Pyle, Two-dimensional modeling of the Antarctic lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 875-878, 1988.
6. Crutzen, P.J., and F. Arnold, Nitric acid cloud formation in the cold Antarctic stratosphere: A major cause for the springtime "ozone hole." Nature, 324, 651-655, 1986.
7. 2 in "ozone hole" chemistry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1113-1116, 1992.
8. de Zafra, R.L., M. Jaramillo, A. Parrish, P. Solomon, R. Connor, and J. Barrett, High concentrations of chlorine monoxide at low altitudes in the Antarctic spring stratosphere: Diurnal variation, Nature, 328, 408-411, 1987.
9. Dye, J.E., D. Baumgardner, B.W. Gandrud, S.R. Chan, and B.L. Gary, Particle size distribution in Arctic polar stratospheric clouds, growth and freezing of sulfuric acid droplets, and implications for cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8015-8034, 1992.
10. Eckman, R.S., W.L. Grose, R.E. Turner, W.T. Blackshear, and J.M. Russell III, Stratospheric trace constituents simulated by a three-dimensional general circulation model: Comparison with UARS data, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13,951-13,966, 1995.
11. Fahey, D.W., D.M. Murphy, K.K. Kelly, M.K.W. Ko, M.H. Proffitt, C.S. Eubank, G.V. Ferry, M. Loewenstein, and K.R. Chan, Measurements of nitric oxide and total reactive nitrogen in the Antarctic stratosphere: Observations and chemical implications, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,665-16,681, 1989.
12. Fahey, D.W., K.K. Kelly, S.R. Kawa, A.F. Tuck, M. Loewenstein, K.R. Chan, and L.E. Heidt, Observations of denitrification and dehydration in the winter polar stratospheres, Nature, 344, 321-324, 1990.
13. x interaction, Nature, 315, 207-210, 1985.
14. Garcia, R.R., Parameterization of planetary wave breaking in the middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1405-1419, 1991.
15. Garcia, R.R., and S. Solomon, A possible relationship between interannual variability in Antarctic ozone and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 848-851, 1987.
16. Garcia, R.R., and S. Solomon, A new numerical model of the middle atmosphere, 2, Ozone and related species, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,937-12,951, 1994.
17. Garcia, R.R., F. Stordal, S. Solomon, and J.T. Kiehl, A new numerical model of the middle atmosphere, 1, Dynamics and transport of tropospheric source gases, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12,967-12,991, 1992.
18. Granier, C., and G. Brasseur, Impact of heterogeneous chemistry on model predictions of ozone changes, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 18,015-18,033, 1992.
19. 2O solutions at low temperatures, J. Phys. Chem., 92, 6167-6170, 1988.
20. 2 on frozen sulfuric acid, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22,931-22,936, 1993.
21. 2O, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 5728-5735, 1994.
22. Hanson, D.R., and A.R. Ravishankara, Heterogeneous chemistry of bromine species in sulfuric acid under stratospheric conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 385-388, 1995.
23. Hanson, D.R., A.R. Ravishankara, and S. Solomon, Heterogeneous reactions in sulfuric acid aerosols: A framework for model calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3615-3629, 1994.
24. Hitchman, M.H., M. McKay, and C.R. Trepte, A climatology of stratospheric aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,689-20,700, 1994.
25. Hofmann, D.J., Increase in the stratospheric background sulfuric acid aerosol mass in the past 10 years, Science, 248, 996-1000, 1990.
26. Hofmann, D.J., Aircraft sulphur emissions, Nature, 349, 659, 1991.
27. 2O for sulfuric acid aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2211-2214, 1992.
28. Hofmann, D.J., and S.J. Oltmans, Anomalous Antarctic ozone during 1992: Evidence for Pinatubo volcanic aerosol effects, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18,555-18,561, 1993.
29. Hofmann, D.J., J.W. Harder, S.R. Rolf, and J.M. Rosen, Balloon-borne observations of the development and vertical structure of the Antarctic ozone hole in 1986, Nature, 326, 59-62, 1987.
30. Hofmann, D., T. Deshler, F. Arnold, and H. Schlager, Balloon observations of nitric acid aerosol formation in the Arctic stratosphere, II, Aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1279-1282, 1990.
31. Jiang, Y., Y.L. Yung, R.W. Zurek, and G.L. Manney, Decadal evolution of the Antarctic ozone hole, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8985-8999, 1996.
32. Jones, R.L., et al., Lagrangian photochemical modeling studies of the 1987 Antarctic spring vortex, 1, Comparison with AAOE observations, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,529-11,558, 1989.
33. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modelling, in Evaluation 11, NASA panel for data evaluation, JPL Publ. 94-26, Pasadena, Calif., 1994.
34. Lait, L.R., M.R. Schoeberl, and P.A. Newman, Quasi-biennial modulation of the Antarctic ozone depletion, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,559-11,571, 1989.
35. Le Texier, H., S. Solomon, and R.R. Garcia, The role of molecular hydrogen and methane oxidation in the water vapor budget of the stratosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 114, 281-295, 1988.
36. London, J., Radiative energy sources and sinks in the stratosphere and mesosphere, in Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Atmospheric Ozone, edited by M. Nicolet, and A.C. Aikin, pp. 703-721, U.S. Dep. of Transp., Washington, D. C., 1980.
37. Manney, G.L., L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, M.L. Santee, W.C. Read, D.A. Flower, R.F. Jarnot, and R.W. Zurek, Arctic ozone depletion observed by UARS MLS during the 1994-95 winter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 85-88, 1996.
38. McCormick, M.P., C.R. Trepte, and M.C. Pitts, Persistence of polar stratospheric clouds in the southern polar region, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,241-11,251, 1989.
39. 2 by the self-reaction of the ClO radical, J. Phys. Chem., 91, 433-436, 1987.
40. Murphy, D.M., and A.R. Ravishankara, Temperature averages and rates of stratospheric reactions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2471-2474, 1994.
41. Pitari, G., G. Visconti, and M. Verdecchia, Global ozone depletion and the Antarctic ozone hole, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8075-8082, 1992.
42. Handel, W.J., Global Atmospheric Circulation Statistics, 1000-1 mb, 256 pp., NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-366+STR, Inf. Serv. Off., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., 1992.
43. Ravishankara, A.R., and D.R. Hanson, Differences in the reactivity of type 1 polar stratospheric clouds depending on their phase, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3885-3890, 1996.
44. 3, and aerosol by the UARS CLAES experiment between January 1992 and April 1993, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2877-2902, 1994.
45. Rodriguez, J.M., M.K.W. Ko, and N.D. Sze, The role of chlorine chemistry in Antarctic ozone loss: Implications of new kinetic data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 255-258, 1990.
46. Salawitch, R.J., et al., Chemical loss of ozone in the Arctic polar vortex in the winter of 1991-92, Science, 261, 1146-1149, 1993.
47. 3, Science, 267, 849-852, 1995.
48. Schlager, H., F. Arnold, D. Hofmann, and T. Deshler, Balloon observations of nitric acid aerosol formation in the Arctic stratosphere, I, Gaseous nitric acid, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1275-1278, 1990.
49. Solomon, S., R.R. Garcia, F.S. Rowland, and D.J. Wuebbles, On the depletion of Antarctic ozone, Nature, 321, 755-758, 1986.
50. Solomon, S., R.W. Portmann, R.R. Garcia, L.W. Thomason, L.R. Poole, and M.P. McCormick, The role of aerosol variations in anthropogenic ozone depletion at northern midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6713-6727, 1996.
51. Stefanutti, L., M. Morandi, M.D. Guasta, S. Godin, and C. David, Unusual PSCs observed by LIDAR in Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2377-2380, 1995.
52. Stolarski, R.S., A.J. Krueger, M.R. Schoeberl, R.D. Peters, P.A. Newman, and J.C. Alpert, Nimbus 7 SBUV/TOMS measurements of the springtime Antarctic zone decrease, Nature, 322, 808-811, 1986.
53. 2O amorphous solid solutions with a variable composition in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9071-9078, 1996.
54. Tabazadeh, A., O.B. Toon, and P. Hamill, Freezing behavior of stratospheric sulfate aerosols inferred from trajectory studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 13, 1995.
55. Thomason, L.W., L.R. Poole, and T. Deshler, A global climatology of stratospheric aerosol surface area density as deduced from SAGE II: 1984-1994, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 1996.
56. Tolbert, M.A., Sulfate aerosols and polar stratospheric cloud formation, Science, 264, 527-528, 1994.
57. Tolbert, M.A., M.J. Rossi, R. Malhotra, and D.M. Golden, Reaction of chlorine nitrate with hydrogen chloride and water at Antarctic stratospheric temperatures, Science, 238, 1258-1260, 1987.
58. 3 and HCl in the winter polar stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1284-1287, 1986.
59. Vomel, H., S.J. Oltmans, D.J. Hofmann, T. Deshler, and J.M. Rosen, The evolution of the dehydration in the Antarctic stratospheric vortex, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13,919-13,926, 1995.
60. World Meteorological Organization/United Nations Environment Programme (WMO/UNEP), Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1994, WMO Rep. 37, Geneva, 1994.
61. 2O ice in the Antarctic stratosphere: implications for ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2442-2450, 1988.