The socio-cultural embeddedness of individuals' ethical reasoning in organizations (cross-cultural ethics)

Journal of Business Ethics

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 1-14

  Thorne, Linda ^a   Saunders, Susan Bartholomew ^b  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cognitive developmental; Crossculture; Decision making; Ethical reasoning; Ethics

Indexed keywords

EID: 0141522974     PISSN: 01674544     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1012679026061     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Adler, N.: 1997, International Dimensions of Organisational Behavior, 3rd ed. (SouthWestern College Publishing, Cincinnati, OH).
2. Adler, N. and S. Bartholomew: 1992, 'Managing Globally Competent People', Academy of Management Executive.
3. Bartlett, C. and S. Ghoshal: 1989, Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution (Harvard Business School Press, Boston).
4. Becker, H. and D. Fritzche: 1987, 'Business Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Managers Attitudes', Journal of Business Ethics 6, 289-295.
5. Bhagat and McQuaid: 1982, 'The Role of Subjective Culture in Organisations: A Review and Directions for Future Research', Journal of Applied Psychology Monograph 67(5), 63.
6. Cohen, J., L. Pant and D. Sharp: 1992, 'Cultural and Socio-economic Constraints on International Codes of Ethics: Lessons from Accounting', Journal of Business Ethics (11), 687-700.
7. Desai, A. and T. Rittenburg: 1997, 'Global Ethics: An Integrative Framework for MNEs', Journal of Business Ethics 16, 791-800.
8. Donaldson, T.: 1989, The Ethics of International Business (Oxford University Press, New York).
9. Dubinsky, A., M. Jolson, M. Kotabe and C. Lim: 1991, 'A Cross-national Investigation of Industrial Salespeople's Ethical Perceptions', Journal of International Business Studies 22, 651-670.
10. Enderle, G.: 1997, 'Five Views on International Business Ethics: An Introduction', Business Ethics Quarterly 7(3), 1-5.
11. Ferrell, O. and L. Gresham: 1985, 'A Contingency Framework for Understanding Ethical Decision Making in Marketing', Journal of Marketing 3, 87-96.
12. Ford, R. and W. Richardson: 1994, 'Ethical Decision-Making: A Review of the Empirical Literature', Journal of Business Ethics 13, 205-221.
13. Gilligan, C.: 1982, In a Different Voice (Harvard University Press, Boston).
14. Hampden-Turner, C. and A. Trompenaars: 1993, The Seven Cultures of Capitalism (Currency: Doubleday, New York).
15. Hofstede, G.: 1980, Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values (Sage Publications, Beverly Hills CA).
16. Hofstede, G.: 1991, Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (McGraw Hill, London).
17. Hofstede, G. and M. Bond: 1988, 'The Confucius Connection: From Cultural Roots to Economic Growth', Organisational Dynamics 16(4), 4-21.
18. Hunt, S and S. Vitell: 1992. 'A General Theory of Marketing Ethics: A retrospective and Revision', in J. Quelch and C. Smith (eds.), Ethics in Marketing (Irwin, Chicago, IL).
19. Izraeli, D.: 1988, 'Ethical Beliefs and Behavior Among Managers: A Cross-cultural Perspective', Journal of Business Ethics 7, 263-271.
20. Jackson, K.: 1997, 'Globalizing Corporate Ethics Programs: Perils and Prospects', Journal of Business Ethics 16, 1227-1235.
21. Jackson, T. and M. Artola: 1997, 'Ethical Beliefs and Management Behavior: A Cross-Cultural Comparison', Journal of Business Ethics 16, 1163-1173.
22. Jacward, J. and C. Wan: 1986, 'Cross-Cultural Methods for the Study of Behavioral Decision Making', Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 17(2), 123-149.
23. Jones, T.: 1991, 'Ethical Decision-Making by Individuals in Organization: An Issue-contingent Model', Academy of Management Review 16(2), 366-395.
24. Katzenstein, P.: 1985, Small States in World Markets, Industrial Policy in Europe (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY)
25. Kohlberg, L.: 1979, The Meaning and Measurement of Moral Development (Clark University Press).
26. Kohlberg, L.: 1958, 'The Development of Modes of Moral Thinking and Choice in the Years Ten to Sixteen', Doctoral Dissertation, University of Chicago.
27. Kurtines, W. and E. Grief. 1974, 'The Development of Moral Thought: Review and Evaluation of Kohlberg's Approach', Psychological bulletin 81, 453-470.
28. Langlois, C. and B. Schlegelmilch: 1990, 'Do Corporate Codes of Ethics Reflect National Character? Evidence from Europe and the United States', Journal of International Business Studies 21, 519-539.
29. Lee, D. and M. Sirgy: 1999, 'The Effect of Moral Philosophy and Ethnocentrism on Quality-of-life Orientation in International Marketing: A Cross-cultural Comparison', Journal of Business Ethics 18, 73-89.
30. Lodge, G: 1990, Comparative Business-government Relations (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ).
31. Lu, L., G. Rose and J. Blodgett: 1999, 'The Effects of Cultural Dimensions on Ethical Decision Making in Marketing: An Exploratory Study', Journal of Business Ethics 18, 91-105.
32. Lysonski, C. and G. Gaidis: 1991, 'A Cross-cultural Comparison of the Ethics of Business Students', Journal of Business Ethics, 27-44.
33. Macdonald, G.: 2000, 'Cross-cultural Methodological Issues in Ethical Research', Journal of Business Ethics 27(1/2), 89-104.
34. McDonald, G. and P. Kan: 1997. 'Ethical Perceptions of Expatriate and Local Managers in Hong Kong', Journal of Business Ethics 15, 973-996.
35. Meyer, J. and B. Rowan: 1977, 'Formal Structure of Organizations as Myth and Ceremony', American Journal of Sociology 83, 340-363.
36. Moon, C. and P. Woolliams: 2000, 'Managing Cross Cultural Business Ethics', Journal of Business Ethics 27, 105-115.
37. Murphy, P.: 1999, 'Character and Virtue Ethics in International Marketing: An Agenda for Managers, Researchers and Educators', Journal of Business Ethics 18, 107-124.
38. Nakano, C.: 1997, 'A Survey Study on Japanese Managers' Views of Business Ethics', Journal of Business Ethics 16, 1737-1751.
39. Nisan, M. and L. Kohlberg: 1982, 'Universality and Cross-cultural Variation in Moral Development: A Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Study in Turkey', Child Development 53, 359-369.
40. Payne, J., R. Raiborn and B. Askvik: 1997, 'A Global Code of Business Ethics', Journal of Business Ethics, 1737-1751.
41. Prahalad, C. and Y. Doz: 1987, The Multinational Mission: Balancing Local Demands and Global Vision (The Free Press, New York).
42. Ralston, D.: 1992, 'Eastern Values: A Comparison of Managers in the United States, Hong-Kong and the People's Republic of China', Journal of Applied Psychology 77(5), 664-671.
43. Rawls, J.: 1971, A Theory of Justice (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).
44. Rest, J.: 1994, 'Background Theory and Research', in J. Rest and D. Narvaez (eds.), Moral Development in the Professions (Erlbaum and Associates).
45. Rest, J.: 1979, Development in Judging Moral Issues (University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN).
46. Rest, J.: 1983, 'Morality', in J. Flavell and E. Markman (eds.), Manual of Child Psychology: Cognitive Development, Vol. III (Wiley, New York), pp. 556-629.
47. Rest, J., S. Thoma, Y. Moon and I. Getz: 1986, 'Different Cultures, Sexes, and Religions', in J. Rest (eds.), Moral Developments: Advances in Theory and Research (Praeger, New York).
48. Robertson, D. and W. Ross: 1995, 'Decision-Making Processes on Ethical Issues', Business Ethics Quarterly 5(2), 213-241.
49. Rotter, J.: 1966, 'Generalized Expectancies for Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement', Psychological Monographs, 609.
50. Schlegelmilch, B. B. and D.C. Robertson: 1995, 'The Influence of Country and Industry on Ethical Perceptions of Senior Executives in the US and Europe', Journal of International Business Studies 26, 859-881.
51. Schwartz, S.: 1992, 'Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries', in M. Zanna (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 25 (Academic, Orlando, FL), pp. 1-65.
52. Sen, A.: 1997, 'Economics, Business Principles and Moral Sentiments', Business Ethics Quarterly 7(3), 5-17.
53. Simpson, E.: 1974, 'Moral Development Research: A Case of Scientific Cultural Bias', Human Development 17(2), 81-106.
54. Smith, A.: 1759; republished 1975, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, edited by D. D. Raphael and A. L. Macfie (Clarendon Press, Oxford).
55. Smith, A.: 1776; republished 1976, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, edited by R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner (Oxford, Clarendon Press), pp. 26-27.
56. Snarey, J.: 1985, 'Cross-cultural Universality of Social-Moral Development: A Critical Review of Kohlbergian Research', Psychological Bulletin 97, 202-232.
57. Thompson, J.: 1997, 'Ethical Dissonance in Trans-Cultural Management: That's Not How We Play the Game Here!' The Academy of Management Proceedings, 199-203.
58. Trevino, L. and Victor: 1992, 'Peer Reporting of Unethical Behavior: A Social Context Perspective', Academy of Management Review.
59. Trevino, L.: 1986, 'Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: A Person-situation Interactionist Model', Academy of Management Review 11, 601-617.
60. Tse, D., K. Lee, I. Vertinski and D. Wehrung: 1988, 'Does Culture Matter? A Cross-Cultural Study of Executives Choice, Decisiveness, and Risk Adjustment in International Marketing,' Journal of Marketing 52 (October), 81-95.
61. Tsui, J. and F. Gul: 1996, 'Auditors' Behavior in an Audit Conflict Situation: A Research Note on the Role of Locus of Control and Ethical Reasoning', Accounting, Organizations and Society 21(1) (January), 41-54.
62. Victor, B. and J. Cullen: 1988, 'The Organizational Bases of Ethical Work Climates', Administrative Sciences Quarterly 33, 101-125.
63. Vitell, S., S. Nwachukwu and J. Barnes: 1993, 'The Effects of Culture on Ethical Decision-Making: An Application of Hofstede's Typology', Journal of Business Ethics 12, 753-760.
64. Westney, E.: 1995, 'Organizational Theory Perspectives and International Business', in Brian Toyne and Doug Nigh (eds.), International Business Inquiry: An Emerging Vision (University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, South Carolina).
65. Yao, E.: 1987. 'Cultivating Guanzi with Chinese Partners', Business Marketing 72, 62-66.