Merchants of Death: Media Violence and American Empire

Harvard Educational Review

Volumn 73, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 285-308

  Trend, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0141462673     PISSN: 00178055     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17763/haer.73.3.p3666k82135627qm     Document Type: Review

References (88)

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4. See José Arroyo, "Introduction," In Action/Spectacle Cinema, ed. José Arroyo (London: BFI, 2000), vii-xvi.
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7. Murdock, "Reservoirs of Dogma," 160.
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13. McDermott, "N.W.A. and the Album that Changed the World," 32.
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15. American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry's Joint Statement, n.p.
16. American Psychological Association, as cited in Is Media Violence a Problem? ed. James D. Torr (San Diego: Greenhaven, 2000), 6
17. American Psychological Association, Is Media Violence a Problem?, 7
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22. Arroyo, Action/Spectacle Cinema, vii-xiv.
23. James Tore, ed., Is Media Violence a Problem? (San Diego: Greenhaven, 2002); Barker and Petley, III Effects; fib Fowles, The Case for Television Violence (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999); Jane Healy, Endangered Minds, Why Our Children Don't Think (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990); Joanne Cantor, Mommy I'm Scared: How TV and Movies Frighten Children and What We Can Do to Protect Them (New York: Harvest, 1998).
24. James Tore, ed., Is Media Violence a Problem? (San Diego: Greenhaven, 2002); Barker and Petley, III Effects; fib Fowles, The Case for Television Violence (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999); Jane Healy, Endangered Minds, Why Our Children Don't Think (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990); Joanne Cantor, Mommy I'm Scared: How TV and Movies Frighten Children and What We Can Do to Protect Them (New York: Harvest, 1998).
25. James Tore, ed., Is Media Violence a Problem? (San Diego: Greenhaven, 2002); Barker and Petley, III Effects; fib Fowles, The Case for Television Violence (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999); Jane Healy, Endangered Minds, Why Our Children Don't Think (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990); Joanne Cantor, Mommy I'm Scared: How TV and Movies Frighten Children and What We Can Do to Protect Them (New York: Harvest, 1998).
26. James Tore, ed., Is Media Violence a Problem? (San Diego: Greenhaven, 2002); Barker and Petley, III Effects; fib Fowles, The Case for Television Violence (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999); Jane Healy, Endangered Minds, Why Our Children Don't Think (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990); Joanne Cantor, Mommy I'm Scared: How TV and Movies Frighten Children and What We Can Do to Protect Them (New York: Harvest, 1998).
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32. Potter, On Media Violence.
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34. Gerbner, "Growing Up with the Cultivation Process," 44
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36. U.C. Santa Barbara, Center for Communication and Social Policy, NTVS, n.p.
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43. Freedman, Media Violence. It's important to note that much of the research for Freedman's book was provided by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), one of the advocacy groups for the entertainment industry. Freedman addresses this issue at length in the introduction of his book, asserting that for some years prior to his involvement with the MPAA he had been publicly identified as a critic of what he terms the "causal hypothesis" (the belief that violence media trigger aggressive behavior) evidenced by a major meta-analysis of "effects" research he authored, which appeared in Psychological Bulletin. In fact, the Psychological Bulletin paper articulates many of the ideas subsequently expanded with MPAA support and rendered into book form.
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57. Zillman, "The Psychology of the Appeal," 196-199.
58. Zillman, "The Psychology of the Appeal," 216
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69. Prince, Screening Violence, 7. The Production Code was a set of regulations that stringently limited depictions of sex and violence in movies made from 1930 through 1966. Revised to allow producers to be more responsive to contemporary tastes and interests, its content stipulations were replaced in 1968 with the G-M-R-X rating system.
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73. McLarty, "Alien/Nation," 354-355.
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76. Slotkin, "American Psycho/sis," 11.
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88. Cited in Walter LeFeber, "The Weight of American Empire," Washington Post (October 6, 2002), B1.