Severity of atherosclerosis in parrots in relation to the intake of α-linolenic acid

Avian Diseases

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 566-577

  Bavelaar, F J ^a   Beynen, A C ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Breast muscle; Fatty acid composition; Parrots

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; AVES; PSITTACIDAE; PSITTACUS ERITHACUS;

EID: 0141460494     PISSN: 00052086     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1637/6052     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Ajuyah, A. O., R. T. Hardin, and J. S. Sim. Effect of dietary full-fat flax seed with and without antioxidant on the fatty acid composition of major lipid classes of chicken meats. Poult. Sci. 72:125-136. 1993.
2. Ajuhay, A. O., K. H. Lee, R. T. Hardin, and J. S. Sim. Changes in the yield and in the fatty acid composition of whole carcass and selected meat portions of broiler chickens fed full-fat oil seeds. Poult. Sci. 70:2304-2314. 1991.
3. Ajuyah, A. O., K. H. Lee, R. T. Hardin, and J. S. Sim. Influence of dietary full-fat seeds and oils on total lipid, cholesterol and fatty acid composition of broiler meats. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1011-1019. 1991.
4. Bavelaar, F. J., and A. C. Beynen. Mathematical relationship between dietary fatty acid composition and either melting point or fatty acid profile of adipose tissue in broilers. Meat Sci. 64:133-140. 2003.
5. Benade, A. J., J. E. Fincham, C. M. Smuts, M. T. Tung, D. Chalton, M. Kruger, M. J. Weight, A. K. Daubitzer, and H. Y. Tichelaar. Plasma low density lipoprotein composition in relation to atherosclerosis in nutritionally defined vervet monkeys. Atherosclerosis 74:157-168. 1988.
6. Beynen, A. C., R. J. J. Hermus, and J. G. A. J. Haurvast. A mathematical relationship between the fatty acid composition of the diet and that of the adipose tissue in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 33:81-85. 1980.
7. Bohorquez, F., and C. Stout. Aortic atherosclerosis in exotic avians. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 17:261-273. 1972.
8. Chanmugan, P., M. Boudreau, T. Boutte, R. S. Park, J. Hebert, L. Berrio, and D. H. Hwang. Incorporation of different types of n-3 fatty acids into tissue lipids of poultry. Poult. Sci. 71:516-521. 1992.
9. Cherian, G., and J. S. Sim. Effect of feeding full fat flax and canola seeds to laying hens on the fatty acid composition of eggs, embryos, and newly hatched chicks. Poult. Sci. 70:917-922. 1991.
10. Cherian, G., F. W. Wolfe, and J. S. Sim. Dietary oils with added tocopherols: effects on egg or tissue tocopherols, fatty acids and oxidative stability. Poult. Sci. 75:423-431. 1996.
11. Conference, Consensus. Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 253:2080-2086. 1985.
12. Connor, W. E. Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71:171S-175S. 2000.
13. Djoussé, L., J. S. Pankow, J. H. Eckfeldt, A. R. Folsom, P. N. Hopkins, M. A. Province, Y. Hong, and R. C. Ellison. Relationship between dietary linolenic acid and coronary heart disease in the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Family Heart. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 74:612-619. 2001.
14. Dorrestein, G. M., P. Zwart, G. H. A. Borst, F. G. Poelma, and M. N. Buitelaar. Ziekte- en doodsoorzaken van vogels. Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd. 102:437-447. 1977.
15. Fiennes, R. N. T. W. Atherosclerosis in wild animals. In: Comparative atherosclerosis. J. C. Roberts and R. Strauss, eds. Harper and Row, New York. pp. 113-126. 1965.
16. Finlayson, R., and V. Hirchinson, Experimental atheroma in budgerigars. Nature 192:369-370. 1961.
17. Folch, J., M. Lees, and G. H. Sloane Stanley. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226:497-509. 1957.
18. Fox, H. Arteriosclerosis in lower mammals and birds: its relation to the disease in man. In: Arteriosclerosis. E. V. Cowdry, ed. MacMillan Co., New York. pp. 153-193. 1933.
19. Griner, L. A. Pathology of zoo animals; a review of necropsies conducted over a 14-year period at the San Diego Zoo and San Diego Wild Animal Park. Zool. Soc. San Diego, San Diego. pp. 222-226. 1983.
20. Grünberg, W. Spontane Arteriosklerose beim Vogel. Bull. Soc. R. Zool. Anver. 34:21-48. 1964.
21. Grünberg, W. Arteriosklerose beim Wildtieren. Klin. Wochenschr. 43:479-488. 1966.
22. Grundy, S. M. Cholesterol and coronary heart disease: a new era. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 256:2849-2858. 1986.
23. Grundy, S. M., D. Bilheimer, H. Blackburn, W. V. Brown, P. O. Kwiterovich, Jr., F. Mattson, G. Schonfeld, and W. H. Weidman. Rationale of the diet-heart statement of the American Heart Association. Circulation 4:839A-851A. 1982.
24. Hammad, S. M., H. S. Siegel, and H. L. Marks. Total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and cholesterol distribution and lipoproteins as predictors of atherosclerosis in selected lines of Japanese quail. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 119:485-492. 1998.
25. Harris, W. S., and W. L. Isley. Clinical trial evidence for the cardioprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 3:174-179. 2001.
26. Hu, F. B., M. J. Stampfer, J. E. Manson, E. B. Rimm, A. Wolk, G. A. Colditz, C. H. Hennekes, and W. C. Willet. Dietary intake of alpha-linolinic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69:890-897. 1999.
27. Hunter, D. J., E. B. Rimm, F. M. Sacks, M. J. Stampfer, G. A. Colditz, L. B. Litin, and W. C. Willet. Comparison of measures of fatty acid intake by sub-cutaneous fat aspirate, food frequency questionnaire and the diet records in a free-living population of US men. Am. J. Epidemiol. 135:418-427. 1992.
28. Johnson, J. H., D. N. Phalen, V. H. Kondik, T. Tippit, and D. L. Graham. Atherosclerosis in psittacine birds. Proc. 13th Annual Conference of Assoc. Avian Vet. pp. 87-93. 1992.
29. Katan, M. B., W. A. Staveren, P. Deurenberg, J. Barendse-Van Leeuwen, C. Germing-Nouwen, A. Soffers, J. Berkel, and A. C. Beynen. Linoleic and trans-unsaturated fatty acid content of adipose tissue biopsies as objective indicators of the dietary habits of individuals. Progr. Lipid Res. 25:193-195. 1986.
30. Kempeneers, P. Atherosclerose bij de papegaai. Ph.D. Thesis. Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 1987.
31. Kloeze, J., U. M. Houtsmuller, and R. O. Vles. Influence of dietary fat mixtures on platelet adhesiveness, atherosclerosis and plasma cholesterol content in rabbits. J. Atheroscler. Res. 9:319-334. 1969.
32. Lin, C. F., J. I. Gray, A. Asghar, D. J. Buckley, A. M. Booren, and C. J. Flegal. Effects of dietary oils and alpha-tocopherol supplementation on lipid composition and stability of broiler meat. J. Food Sci., 54:1457-1469. 1989.
33. Lin, D. S., W. E. Connor, and C. W. Spenler. Are dietary saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids deposited to the same extent in adipose tissue of rabbit? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 58:174-179. 1993.
34. Lopez-Ferrer, S., M. D. Baucells, A. C. Barroeta, and M. A. Grashorn. N-3 enrichment of chicken meat using fish oil: alternative subsititution with rapeseed and linseed oils. Poult. Sci. 78:356-366. 1999.
35. Metcalfe, L. D., A. A. Schmitz, and J. R. Pelka. Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gaschromatographic analysis. Anal. Chem. 318:514-515. 1966.
36. Olomu, J. M. Influence of dietary flaxseed oil on the performance, muscle protein deposition aand fatty acid composition of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 70:1403-1411. 1991.
37. O'neill, L. M., K. Galvin, P. A. Morrissey, and D. J. Buckley. Comparison of effects of dietary olive oil, tallow and vitamin E on the quality of broiler meat and meat products. Br. Poult. Sci. 39:365-371. 1998.
38. Phalen, D. N., H. B. Hays, L. J. Filippich, S. Silverman, and M. Walker. Heart failure in a macaw with atherosclerosis in the aorta and brachiocephalic arteries. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 209:1435-1440. 1996.
39. Ratcliffe, H. L. Arterial lesions of zoo birds: responses to environmental factors. Acta Zool. Pathol. Antverp. 39:3-26. 1966.
40. Riemersma, R., D. A. Wood, S. Butler, R. A. Elton, M. Oliver, M. Salo, T. Nikkari, E. Vartiainen, P. Puska, F. Gey, P. Rubba, M. Mancini, and F. Fidanza. Linoleic acid content in adipose tissue and coronary heart disease. Br. Med. J. 292:1423-1427. 1986.
41. Roberts, T. L., D. A. Wood, R. A. Riemersma, P. J. Gallagher, and F. C. Lampe. Linoleic acid and risk of sudden cardiac death, Br. Heart J. 70:524-529. 1993.
42. Rudel, L. L., J. S. Parks, and J. K. Sawyer. Compared with dietary monounsaturated and saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat protects African green monkeys from coronary artery atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 15:2101-2110. 1995.
43. Sheehy, P. J. A., P. A. Morrissey, and A. Flynn. Influence of heated vegetable oils and alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on alpha-tocopheryl, fatty acids and lipid peroxidation in chicken muscle. Br. Poult. Sci. 34:367-381. 1993.
44. Van Niel, M. H. F., and A. C. Beynen. The intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids by cats is reflected in their adipose tissue. Vet. Q. 19:150-153. 1997.
45. Veen, W. A. Animal and vegetable fats in milk replacers for veal calves. Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernaehr. Futtermittelkd. 30:1-19. 1972.
46. Walisundera, M. N., M. N. Ratnayake, and R. G. Ackmanss. Effect of redfish meal enriched diets on the taste and n-3 PUFA of 42-day old broiler chickens. J. Sci. Food Agric. 49:59-74. 1989.
47. Weber, P. C., and A. Leaf. Cardiovascular effects of omega-3 fatty acids. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 66:218-232. 1991.
48. Wolkoff, K. Uber die Atherosklerose beim Papagei. Virchows Arch. 256:751-758. 1925.