메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 189-217

The looking glass of facts: Collecting, rhetoric and citing the self in the experimental natural philosophy of Robert Boyle

(1)  Wintroub, Michael a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0043275555     PISSN: 00732753     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/007327539703500203     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (188)
  • 1
    • 84972629921 scopus 로고
    • Pump and circumstance: Robert Boyle's literary technology
    • On the importance of rhetoric for the developing genre of the experimental report in seventeenth-century England, see Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance: Robert Boyle's literary technology", in Social studies of science, xiv (1984), 481-520; Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the air pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the experimental life (Princeton, 1985); Brian Vickers, "The Royal Society and English prose style: A reassessment", in Rhetoric and the pursuit of truth: Language change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Los Angeles, 1985), 3-76; Robert Markley, "Robert Boyle on language: Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures", in O. M. Brack, Jr (ed.), Studies in eighteenth-century culture, xiv (1985), 159-71; Jan Golinski, "Robert Boyle: Scepticism and authority in seventeenth century chemical discourse", in A. E. Benjamin et al. (eds), The figural and the literal problems of language in the history of science and philosophy, 1630-1800 (Manchester, 1987), 58-82; Peter Dear, "Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments: Turning experience into science in the seventeenth century", in The literary structure of scientific argument (Philadelphia, 1991), 135-63; idem, "Totius in verba: Rhetoric and authority in the early Royal Society", Isis, lxxvi (1985), 145-61; and John T. Harwood, "Science writing and writing science: Boyle and rhetorical theory", in Michael Hunter (ed.), Robert Boyle reconsidered (Cambridge, 1994), and his excellent introduction to The early essays and ethics of Robert Boyle (Carbondale, 1991), pp. xv-lxix.
    • (1984) Social Studies of Science , vol.14 , pp. 481-520
    • Shapin, S.1
  • 2
    • 84924237903 scopus 로고
    • Princeton
    • On the importance of rhetoric for the developing genre of the experimental report in seventeenth-century England, see Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance: Robert Boyle's literary technology", in Social studies of science, xiv (1984), 481-520; Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the air pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the experimental life (Princeton, 1985); Brian Vickers, "The Royal Society and English prose style: A reassessment", in Rhetoric and the pursuit of truth: Language change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Los Angeles, 1985), 3-76; Robert Markley, "Robert Boyle on language: Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures", in O. M. Brack, Jr (ed.), Studies in eighteenth-century culture, xiv (1985), 159-71; Jan Golinski, "Robert Boyle: Scepticism and authority in seventeenth century chemical discourse", in A. E. Benjamin et al. (eds), The figural and the literal problems of language in the history of science and philosophy, 1630-1800 (Manchester, 1987), 58-82; Peter Dear, "Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments: Turning experience into science in the seventeenth century", in The literary structure of scientific argument (Philadelphia, 1991), 135-63; idem, "Totius in verba: Rhetoric and authority in the early Royal Society", Isis, lxxvi (1985), 145-61; and John T. Harwood, "Science writing and writing science: Boyle and rhetorical theory", in Michael Hunter (ed.), Robert Boyle reconsidered (Cambridge, 1994), and his excellent introduction to The early essays and ethics of Robert Boyle (Carbondale, 1991), pp. xv-lxix.
    • (1985) Leviathan and the Air Pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the Experimental Life
    • Shapin, S.1    Schaffer, S.2
  • 3
    • 84972629921 scopus 로고
    • The Royal Society and English prose style: A reassessment
    • Los Angeles
    • On the importance of rhetoric for the developing genre of the experimental report in seventeenth-century England, see Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance: Robert Boyle's literary technology", in Social studies of science, xiv (1984), 481-520; Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the air pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the experimental life (Princeton, 1985); Brian Vickers, "The Royal Society and English prose style: A reassessment", in Rhetoric and the pursuit of truth: Language change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Los Angeles, 1985), 3-76; Robert Markley, "Robert Boyle on language: Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures", in O. M. Brack, Jr (ed.), Studies in eighteenth-century culture, xiv (1985), 159-71; Jan Golinski, "Robert Boyle: Scepticism and authority in seventeenth century chemical discourse", in A. E. Benjamin et al. (eds), The figural and the literal problems of language in the history of science and philosophy, 1630-1800 (Manchester, 1987), 58-82; Peter Dear, "Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments: Turning experience into science in the seventeenth century", in The literary structure of scientific argument (Philadelphia, 1991), 135-63; idem, "Totius in verba: Rhetoric and authority in the early Royal Society", Isis, lxxvi (1985), 145-61; and John T. Harwood, "Science writing and writing science: Boyle and rhetorical theory", in Michael Hunter (ed.), Robert Boyle reconsidered (Cambridge, 1994), and his excellent introduction to The early essays and ethics of Robert Boyle (Carbondale, 1991), pp. xv-lxix.
    • (1985) Rhetoric and the Pursuit of Truth: Language Change in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries , pp. 3-76
    • Vickers, B.1
  • 4
    • 84972629921 scopus 로고
    • Robert Boyle on language: Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures"
    • O. M. Brack, Jr (ed.)
    • On the importance of rhetoric for the developing genre of the experimental report in seventeenth-century England, see Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance: Robert Boyle's literary technology", in Social studies of science, xiv (1984), 481-520; Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the air pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the experimental life (Princeton, 1985); Brian Vickers, "The Royal Society and English prose style: A reassessment", in Rhetoric and the pursuit of truth: Language change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Los Angeles, 1985), 3-76; Robert Markley, "Robert Boyle on language: Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures", in O. M. Brack, Jr (ed.), Studies in eighteenth-century culture, xiv (1985), 159-71; Jan Golinski, "Robert Boyle: Scepticism and authority in seventeenth century chemical discourse", in A. E. Benjamin et al. (eds), The figural and the literal problems of language in the history of science and philosophy, 1630-1800 (Manchester, 1987), 58-82; Peter Dear, "Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments: Turning experience into science in the seventeenth century", in The literary structure of scientific argument (Philadelphia, 1991), 135-63; idem, "Totius in verba: Rhetoric and authority in the early Royal Society", Isis, lxxvi (1985), 145-61; and John T. Harwood, "Science writing and writing science: Boyle and rhetorical theory", in Michael Hunter (ed.), Robert Boyle reconsidered (Cambridge, 1994), and his excellent introduction to The early essays and ethics of Robert Boyle (Carbondale, 1991), pp. xv-lxix.
    • (1985) Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture , vol.14 , pp. 159-171
    • Markley, R.1
  • 5
    • 84972629921 scopus 로고
    • Robert Boyle: Scepticism and authority in seventeenth century chemical discourse
    • A. E. Benjamin et al. (eds), Manchester
    • On the importance of rhetoric for the developing genre of the experimental report in seventeenth-century England, see Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance: Robert Boyle's literary technology", in Social studies of science, xiv (1984), 481-520; Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the air pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the experimental life (Princeton, 1985); Brian Vickers, "The Royal Society and English prose style: A reassessment", in Rhetoric and the pursuit of truth: Language change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Los Angeles, 1985), 3-76; Robert Markley, "Robert Boyle on language: Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures", in O. M. Brack, Jr (ed.), Studies in eighteenth-century culture, xiv (1985), 159-71; Jan Golinski, "Robert Boyle: Scepticism and authority in seventeenth century chemical discourse", in A. E. Benjamin et al. (eds), The figural and the literal problems of language in the history of science and philosophy, 1630-1800 (Manchester, 1987), 58-82; Peter Dear, "Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments: Turning experience into science in the seventeenth century", in The literary structure of scientific argument (Philadelphia, 1991), 135-63; idem, "Totius in verba: Rhetoric and authority in the early Royal Society", Isis, lxxvi (1985), 145-61; and John T. Harwood, "Science writing and writing science: Boyle and rhetorical theory", in Michael Hunter (ed.), Robert Boyle reconsidered (Cambridge, 1994), and his excellent introduction to The early essays and ethics of Robert Boyle (Carbondale, 1991), pp. xv-lxix.
    • (1987) The Figural and the Literal Problems of Language in the History of Science and Philosophy, 1630-1800 , pp. 58-82
    • Golinski, J.1
  • 6
    • 85012195365 scopus 로고
    • Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments: Turning experience into science in the seventeenth century
    • Philadelphia
    • On the importance of rhetoric for the developing genre of the experimental report in seventeenth-century England, see Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance: Robert Boyle's literary technology", in Social studies of science, xiv (1984), 481-520; Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the air pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the experimental life (Princeton, 1985); Brian Vickers, "The Royal Society and English prose style: A reassessment", in Rhetoric and the pursuit of truth: Language change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Los Angeles, 1985), 3-76; Robert Markley, "Robert Boyle on language: Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures", in O. M. Brack, Jr (ed.), Studies in eighteenth-century culture, xiv (1985), 159-71; Jan Golinski, "Robert Boyle: Scepticism and authority in seventeenth century chemical discourse", in A. E. Benjamin et al. (eds), The figural and the literal problems of language in the history of science and philosophy, 1630-1800 (Manchester, 1987), 58-82; Peter Dear, "Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments: Turning experience into science in the seventeenth century", in The literary structure of scientific argument (Philadelphia, 1991), 135-63; idem, "Totius in verba: Rhetoric and authority in the early Royal Society", Isis, lxxvi (1985), 145-61; and John T. Harwood, "Science writing and writing science: Boyle and rhetorical theory", in Michael Hunter (ed.), Robert Boyle reconsidered (Cambridge, 1994), and his excellent introduction to The early essays and ethics of Robert Boyle (Carbondale, 1991), pp. xv-lxix.
    • (1991) The Literary Structure of Scientific Argument , pp. 135-163
    • Dear, P.1
  • 7
    • 84972629921 scopus 로고
    • Totius in verba: Rhetoric and authority in the early Royal Society
    • On the importance of rhetoric for the developing genre of the experimental report in seventeenth-century England, see Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance: Robert Boyle's literary technology", in Social studies of science, xiv (1984), 481-520; Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the air pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the experimental life (Princeton, 1985); Brian Vickers, "The Royal Society and English prose style: A reassessment", in Rhetoric and the pursuit of truth: Language change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Los Angeles, 1985), 3-76; Robert Markley, "Robert Boyle on language: Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures", in O. M. Brack, Jr (ed.), Studies in eighteenth-century culture, xiv (1985), 159-71; Jan Golinski, "Robert Boyle: Scepticism and authority in seventeenth century chemical discourse", in A. E. Benjamin et al. (eds), The figural and the literal problems of language in the history of science and philosophy, 1630-1800 (Manchester, 1987), 58-82; Peter Dear, "Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments: Turning experience into science in the seventeenth century", in The literary structure of scientific argument (Philadelphia, 1991), 135-63; idem, "Totius in verba: Rhetoric and authority in the early Royal Society", Isis, lxxvi (1985), 145-61; and John T. Harwood, "Science writing and writing science: Boyle and rhetorical theory", in Michael Hunter (ed.), Robert Boyle reconsidered (Cambridge, 1994), and his excellent introduction to The early essays and ethics of Robert Boyle (Carbondale, 1991), pp. xv-lxix.
    • (1985) Isis , vol.76 , pp. 145-161
    • Dear, P.1
  • 8
    • 84972629921 scopus 로고
    • Science writing and writing science: Boyle and rhetorical theory
    • Michael Hunter (ed.), Cambridge
    • On the importance of rhetoric for the developing genre of the experimental report in seventeenth-century England, see Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance: Robert Boyle's literary technology", in Social studies of science, xiv (1984), 481-520; Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the air pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the experimental life (Princeton, 1985); Brian Vickers, "The Royal Society and English prose style: A reassessment", in Rhetoric and the pursuit of truth: Language change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Los Angeles, 1985), 3-76; Robert Markley, "Robert Boyle on language: Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures", in O. M. Brack, Jr (ed.), Studies in eighteenth-century culture, xiv (1985), 159-71; Jan Golinski, "Robert Boyle: Scepticism and authority in seventeenth century chemical discourse", in A. E. Benjamin et al. (eds), The figural and the literal problems of language in the history of science and philosophy, 1630-1800 (Manchester, 1987), 58-82; Peter Dear, "Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments: Turning experience into science in the seventeenth century", in The literary structure of scientific argument (Philadelphia, 1991), 135-63; idem, "Totius in verba: Rhetoric and authority in the early Royal Society", Isis, lxxvi (1985), 145-61; and John T. Harwood, "Science writing and writing science: Boyle and rhetorical theory", in Michael Hunter (ed.), Robert Boyle reconsidered (Cambridge, 1994), and his excellent introduction to The early essays and ethics of Robert Boyle (Carbondale, 1991), pp. xv-lxix.
    • (1994) Robert Boyle Reconsidered
    • Harwood, J.T.1
  • 9
    • 84972629921 scopus 로고
    • Carbondale
    • On the importance of rhetoric for the developing genre of the experimental report in seventeenth-century England, see Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance: Robert Boyle's literary technology", in Social studies of science, xiv (1984), 481-520; Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the air pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the experimental life (Princeton, 1985); Brian Vickers, "The Royal Society and English prose style: A reassessment", in Rhetoric and the pursuit of truth: Language change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Los Angeles, 1985), 3-76; Robert Markley, "Robert Boyle on language: Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures", in O. M. Brack, Jr (ed.), Studies in eighteenth-century culture, xiv (1985), 159-71; Jan Golinski, "Robert Boyle: Scepticism and authority in seventeenth century chemical discourse", in A. E. Benjamin et al. (eds), The figural and the literal problems of language in the history of science and philosophy, 1630-1800 (Manchester, 1987), 58-82; Peter Dear, "Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments: Turning experience into science in the seventeenth century", in The literary structure of scientific argument (Philadelphia, 1991), 135-63; idem, "Totius in verba: Rhetoric and authority in the early Royal Society", Isis, lxxvi (1985), 145-61; and John T. Harwood, "Science writing and writing science: Boyle and rhetorical theory", in Michael Hunter (ed.), Robert Boyle reconsidered (Cambridge, 1994), and his excellent introduction to The early essays and ethics of Robert Boyle (Carbondale, 1991), pp. xv-lxix.
    • (1991) The Early Essays and Ethics of Robert Boyle
  • 10
    • 0002496778 scopus 로고
    • Paris
    • Pierre Fontanier, Les figures du discours (Paris, 1968), 390, in Louis Marin, Portrait of the king (Minneapolis, 1988), 87.
    • (1968) Les Figures du Discours , pp. 390
    • Fontanier, P.1
  • 11
    • 0003941003 scopus 로고
    • Minneapolis
    • Pierre Fontanier, Les figures du discours (Paris, 1968), 390, in Louis Marin, Portrait of the king (Minneapolis, 1988), 87.
    • (1988) Portrait of the King , pp. 87
    • Marin, L.1
  • 12
    • 0003757606 scopus 로고
    • Chicago and London, should be consulted in this regard. Also see works cited in ref. 1, especially Shapin's "Pump and circumstance", and Dear's "Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments"
    • Steven Shapin's A social history of truth: Civility and science in seventeenth-century England (Chicago and London, 1994) should be consulted in this regard. Also see works cited in ref. 1, especially Shapin's "Pump and circumstance", and Dear's "Narratives, anecdotes, and experiments".
    • (1994) A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England
    • Shapin, S.1
  • 13
    • 0346669335 scopus 로고
    • Montrer et citer: La vérité de l'histoire
    • my translation
    • As cited in French by Carlo Ginzburg, "Montrer et citer: La vérité de l'histoire", Le débat, lvi (1989), 43-54, p. 45 (my translation).
    • (1989) Le Débat , vol.56 , pp. 43-54
    • Ginzburg, C.1
  • 14
  • 16
    • 0346038347 scopus 로고
    • Institutio oratoria
    • transl. by H. E. Butler Cambridge
    • Quintilian, Institutio oratoria, transl. by H. E. Butler (Cambridge, 1966), Book VIII: iii, 61-63.
    • (1966) Book VIII , vol.3 , pp. 61-63
    • Quintilian1
  • 19
    • 85033139319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montrer
    • Ibid. With regard to the history of the footnote from a different perspective see Anthony Grafton's excellent treatment, "The footnote from De Thou to Ranke", in History and theory, xxxiii (1994), 53-76.
    • Le Débat , pp. 53
    • Ginzburg1
  • 20
    • 0347929849 scopus 로고
    • The footnote from de Thou to Ranke
    • Ibid. With regard to the history of the footnote from a different perspective see Anthony Grafton's excellent treatment, "The footnote from De Thou to Ranke", in History and theory, xxxiii (1994), 53-76.
    • (1994) History and Theory , vol.33 , pp. 53-76
    • Grafton, A.1
  • 24
    • 0011531692 scopus 로고
    • Montaigne, Boyle, and the essay of experience
    • George Levine (ed.), Madison
    • Cited in James Paradis, "Montaigne, Boyle, and the essay of experience", in George Levine (ed.), One culture: Essays in science and literature (Madison, 1987), 59-91, p. 69.
    • (1987) One Culture: Essays in Science and Literature , pp. 59-91
    • Paradis, J.1
  • 25
    • 84945608699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5 vols, London
    • Boyle's comments are to be found in Thomas Birch (ed.), The works of the Honourable Robert Boyle (5 vols, London, 1772), i, 313. Also see Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 496; with regards to the "bad manners" of overly precise authorial citation, see Shapin's A social history of truth (ref. 3), 117; also see Richard Westfall's "Unpublished Boyle papers relating to scientific method, II", Annals of science, xii (1956), 103-17, especially pp. 113-16.
    • (1772) The Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle , vol.1 , pp. 313
    • Birch, T.1
  • 26
    • 84945608699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pump and circumstance
    • Boyle's comments are to be found in Thomas Birch (ed.), The works of the Honourable Robert Boyle (5 vols, London, 1772), i, 313. Also see Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 496; with regards to the "bad manners" of overly precise authorial citation, see Shapin's A social history of truth (ref. 3), 117; also see Richard Westfall's "Unpublished Boyle papers relating to scientific method, II", Annals of science, xii (1956), 103-17, especially pp. 113-16.
    • Social Studies of Science , pp. 496
    • Shapin1
  • 27
    • 84945608699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A social history of truth
    • Boyle's comments are to be found in Thomas Birch (ed.), The works of the Honourable Robert Boyle (5 vols, London, 1772), i, 313. Also see Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 496; with regards to the "bad manners" of overly precise authorial citation, see Shapin's A social history of truth (ref. 3), 117; also see Richard Westfall's "Unpublished Boyle papers relating to scientific method, II", Annals of science, xii (1956), 103-17, especially pp. 113-16.
    • Social Studies of Science , pp. 117
    • Shapin1
  • 28
    • 84945596532 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished Boyle papers relating to scientific method, II
    • Boyle's comments are to be found in Thomas Birch (ed.), The works of the Honourable Robert Boyle (5 vols, London, 1772), i, 313. Also see Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 496; with regards to the "bad manners" of overly precise authorial citation, see Shapin's A social history of truth (ref. 3), 117; also see Richard Westfall's "Unpublished Boyle papers relating to scientific method, II", Annals of science, xii (1956), 103-17, especially pp. 113-16.
    • (1956) Annals of Science , vol.12 , pp. 103-117
    • Westfall, R.1
  • 29
    • 79955307845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures
    • On the importance that Boyle placed on rhetoric and eloquence for the "... embellishments of our conceptions and ...the congruity of them to our design and method ...", see Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures, in Works (ref. 15), ii, 301; and also Harwood, "Science writing and writing science" (ref. 1), 44.
    • Works , vol.2 , pp. 301
  • 30
    • 85033137329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the importance that Boyle placed on rhetoric and eloquence for the "... embellishments of our conceptions and ...the congruity of them to our design and method ...", see Some considerations touching the style of the Holy Scriptures, in Works (ref. 15), ii, 301; and also Harwood, "Science writing and writing science" (ref. 1), 44.
    • Robert Boyle Reconsidered , pp. 44
    • Harwood1
  • 31
    • 85033134842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proëmial essay
    • Boyle, A proëmial essay, Works (ref. 15), i, 304-5.
    • Works , vol.1 , pp. 304-305
    • Boyle1
  • 32
    • 0347299742 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • See Norbert Elias, The history of manners: The civilizing process, i (New York, 1978), and also Jacques Revel, "The uses of civility", in Arthur Goldhammer (transl.), Roger Chartier (ed.), A history of private life: Passions of the Renaissance, iii (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 167-205. With regard to England see Frank Whigham, Ambition and privilege: The social tropes of Elizabethan courtesy theory (Berkeley, 1984); Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1); idem, "The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England", Isis, lxxix (1988), 373-404; idem, "'A scholar and a gentleman': The problematic identity of the scientific practitioner in early modern England", History of science, xxxix (1991), 279-327; idem, A social history of truth (ref. 3); Paulo Rossi's Francis Bacon: From magic to science (London, 1968), 58; Paul Siegal, "English humanism and the new Tudor aristocracy", Journal of the history of ideas, xiii (1952), 450-68, p. 466; and D. R. Woolf, "Erudition and the idea of history in Renaissance England", Renaissance quarterly, xl (1987), 11-48, p. 28.
    • (1978) The History of Manners: the Civilizing Process , vol.1
    • Elias, N.1
  • 33
    • 0347929881 scopus 로고
    • The uses of civility
    • Arthur Goldhammer (transl.), Roger Chartier (ed.), Cambridge, Mass.
    • See Norbert Elias, The history of manners: The civilizing process, i (New York, 1978), and also Jacques Revel, "The uses of civility", in Arthur Goldhammer (transl.), Roger Chartier (ed.), A history of private life: Passions of the Renaissance, iii (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 167-205. With regard to England see Frank Whigham, Ambition and privilege: The social tropes of Elizabethan courtesy theory (Berkeley, 1984); Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1); idem, "The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England", Isis, lxxix (1988), 373-404; idem, "'A scholar and a gentleman': The problematic identity of the scientific practitioner in early modern England", History of science, xxxix (1991), 279-327; idem, A social history of truth (ref. 3); Paulo Rossi's Francis Bacon: From magic to science (London, 1968), 58; Paul Siegal, "English humanism and the new Tudor aristocracy", Journal of the history of ideas, xiii (1952), 450-68, p. 466; and D. R. Woolf, "Erudition and the idea of history in Renaissance England", Renaissance quarterly, xl (1987), 11-48, p. 28.
    • (1989) A History of Private Life: Passions of the Renaissance , vol.3 , pp. 167-205
    • Revel, J.1
  • 34
    • 0039995945 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley
    • See Norbert Elias, The history of manners: The civilizing process, i (New York, 1978), and also Jacques Revel, "The uses of civility", in Arthur Goldhammer (transl.), Roger Chartier (ed.), A history of private life: Passions of the Renaissance, iii (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 167-205. With regard to England see Frank Whigham, Ambition and privilege: The social tropes of Elizabethan courtesy theory (Berkeley, 1984); Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1); idem, "The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England", Isis, lxxix (1988), 373-404; idem, "'A scholar and a gentleman': The problematic identity of the scientific practitioner in early modern England", History of science, xxxix (1991), 279-327; idem, A social history of truth (ref. 3); Paulo Rossi's Francis Bacon: From magic to science (London, 1968), 58; Paul Siegal, "English humanism and the new Tudor aristocracy", Journal of the history of ideas, xiii (1952), 450-68, p. 466; and D. R. Woolf, "Erudition and the idea of history in Renaissance England", Renaissance quarterly, xl (1987), 11-48, p. 28.
    • (1984) Ambition and Privilege: the Social Tropes of Elizabethan Courtesy Theory
    • Whigham, F.1
  • 35
    • 80054265045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pump and circumstance
    • See Norbert Elias, The history of manners: The civilizing process, i (New York, 1978), and also Jacques Revel, "The uses of civility", in Arthur Goldhammer (transl.), Roger Chartier (ed.), A history of private life: Passions of the Renaissance, iii (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 167-205. With regard to England see Frank Whigham, Ambition and privilege: The social tropes of Elizabethan courtesy theory (Berkeley, 1984); Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1); idem, "The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England", Isis, lxxix (1988), 373-404; idem, "'A scholar and a gentleman': The problematic identity of the scientific practitioner in early modern England", History of science, xxxix (1991), 279-327; idem, A social history of truth (ref. 3); Paulo Rossi's Francis Bacon: From magic to science (London, 1968), 58; Paul Siegal, "English humanism and the new Tudor aristocracy", Journal of the history of ideas, xiii (1952), 450-68, p. 466; and D. R. Woolf, "Erudition and the idea of history in Renaissance England", Renaissance quarterly, xl (1987), 11-48, p. 28.
    • Social Studies of Science
    • Shapin, S.1
  • 36
    • 0000316679 scopus 로고
    • The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England
    • See Norbert Elias, The history of manners: The civilizing process, i (New York, 1978), and also Jacques Revel, "The uses of civility", in Arthur Goldhammer (transl.), Roger Chartier (ed.), A history of private life: Passions of the Renaissance, iii (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 167-205. With regard to England see Frank Whigham, Ambition and privilege: The social tropes of Elizabethan courtesy theory (Berkeley, 1984); Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1); idem, "The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England", Isis, lxxix (1988), 373-404; idem, "'A scholar and a gentleman': The problematic identity of the scientific practitioner in early modern England", History of science, xxxix (1991), 279-327; idem, A social history of truth (ref. 3); Paulo Rossi's Francis Bacon: From magic to science (London, 1968), 58; Paul Siegal, "English humanism and the new Tudor aristocracy", Journal of the history of ideas, xiii (1952), 450-68, p. 466; and D. R. Woolf, "Erudition and the idea of history in Renaissance England", Renaissance quarterly, xl (1987), 11-48, p. 28.
    • (1988) Isis , vol.79 , pp. 373-404
    • Shapin, S.1
  • 37
    • 84965736342 scopus 로고
    • 'A scholar and a gentleman': The problematic identity of the scientific practitioner in early modern England
    • See Norbert Elias, The history of manners: The civilizing process, i (New York, 1978), and also Jacques Revel, "The uses of civility", in Arthur Goldhammer (transl.), Roger Chartier (ed.), A history of private life: Passions of the Renaissance, iii (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 167-205. With regard to England see Frank Whigham, Ambition and privilege: The social tropes of Elizabethan courtesy theory (Berkeley, 1984); Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1); idem, "The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England", Isis, lxxix (1988), 373-404; idem, "'A scholar and a gentleman': The problematic identity of the scientific practitioner in early modern England", History of science, xxxix (1991), 279-327; idem, A social history of truth (ref. 3); Paulo Rossi's Francis Bacon: From magic to science (London, 1968), 58; Paul Siegal, "English humanism and the new Tudor aristocracy", Journal of the history of ideas, xiii (1952), 450-68, p. 466; and D. R. Woolf, "Erudition and the idea of history in Renaissance England", Renaissance quarterly, xl (1987), 11-48, p. 28.
    • (1991) History of Science , vol.39 , pp. 279-327
    • Shapin, S.1
  • 38
    • 85033138600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A social history of truth
    • See Norbert Elias, The history of manners: The civilizing process, i (New York, 1978), and also Jacques Revel, "The uses of civility", in Arthur Goldhammer (transl.), Roger Chartier (ed.), A history of private life: Passions of the Renaissance, iii (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 167-205. With regard to England see Frank Whigham, Ambition and privilege: The social tropes of Elizabethan courtesy theory (Berkeley, 1984); Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1); idem, "The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England", Isis, lxxix (1988), 373-404; idem, "'A scholar and a gentleman': The problematic identity of the scientific practitioner in early modern England", History of science, xxxix (1991), 279-327; idem, A social history of truth (ref. 3); Paulo Rossi's Francis Bacon: From magic to science (London, 1968), 58; Paul Siegal, "English humanism and the new Tudor aristocracy", Journal of the history of ideas, xiii (1952), 450-68, p. 466; and D. R. Woolf, "Erudition and the idea of history in Renaissance England", Renaissance quarterly, xl (1987), 11-48, p. 28.
    • Social Studies of Science
    • Shapin, S.1
  • 39
    • 0003483467 scopus 로고
    • London
    • See Norbert Elias, The history of manners: The civilizing process, i (New York, 1978), and also Jacques Revel, "The uses of civility", in Arthur Goldhammer (transl.), Roger Chartier (ed.), A history of private life: Passions of the Renaissance, iii (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 167-205. With regard to England see Frank Whigham, Ambition and privilege: The social tropes of Elizabethan courtesy theory (Berkeley, 1984); Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1); idem, "The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England", Isis, lxxix (1988), 373-404; idem, "'A scholar and a gentleman': The problematic identity of the scientific practitioner in early modern England", History of science, xxxix (1991), 279-327; idem, A social history of truth (ref. 3); Paulo Rossi's Francis Bacon: From magic to science (London, 1968), 58; Paul Siegal, "English humanism and the new Tudor aristocracy", Journal of the history of ideas, xiii (1952), 450-68, p. 466; and D. R. Woolf, "Erudition and the idea of history in Renaissance England", Renaissance quarterly, xl (1987), 11-48, p. 28.
    • (1968) Francis Bacon: From Magic to Science , pp. 58
    • Rossi, P.1
  • 40
    • 0347299765 scopus 로고
    • English humanism and the new Tudor aristocracy
    • See Norbert Elias, The history of manners: The civilizing process, i (New York, 1978), and also Jacques Revel, "The uses of civility", in Arthur Goldhammer (transl.), Roger Chartier (ed.), A history of private life: Passions of the Renaissance, iii (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 167-205. With regard to England see Frank Whigham, Ambition and privilege: The social tropes of Elizabethan courtesy theory (Berkeley, 1984); Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1); idem, "The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England", Isis, lxxix (1988), 373-404; idem, "'A scholar and a gentleman': The problematic identity of the scientific practitioner in early modern England", History of science, xxxix (1991), 279-327; idem, A social history of truth (ref. 3); Paulo Rossi's Francis Bacon: From magic to science (London, 1968), 58; Paul Siegal, "English humanism and the new Tudor aristocracy", Journal of the history of ideas, xiii (1952), 450-68, p. 466; and D. R. Woolf, "Erudition and the idea of history in Renaissance England", Renaissance quarterly, xl (1987), 11-48, p. 28.
    • (1952) Journal of the History of Ideas , vol.13 , pp. 450-468
    • Siegal, P.1
  • 41
    • 0346669244 scopus 로고
    • Erudition and the idea of history in Renaissance England
    • See Norbert Elias, The history of manners: The civilizing process, i (New York, 1978), and also Jacques Revel, "The uses of civility", in Arthur Goldhammer (transl.), Roger Chartier (ed.), A history of private life: Passions of the Renaissance, iii (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 167-205. With regard to England see Frank Whigham, Ambition and privilege: The social tropes of Elizabethan courtesy theory (Berkeley, 1984); Steven Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1); idem, "The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England", Isis, lxxix (1988), 373-404; idem, "'A scholar and a gentleman': The problematic identity of the scientific practitioner in early modern England", History of science, xxxix (1991), 279-327; idem, A social history of truth (ref. 3); Paulo Rossi's Francis Bacon: From magic to science (London, 1968), 58; Paul Siegal, "English humanism and the new Tudor aristocracy", Journal of the history of ideas, xiii (1952), 450-68, p. 466; and D. R. Woolf, "Erudition and the idea of history in Renaissance England", Renaissance quarterly, xl (1987), 11-48, p. 28.
    • (1987) Renaissance Quarterly , vol.40 , pp. 11-48
    • Woolf, D.R.1
  • 50
    • 85033138600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social history of truth
    • Obadiah Walker, Of education, especially of young gentlemen (Oxford, 1673), 237, cited in Shapin's Social history of truth (ref. 3), 117.
    • Social Studies of Science , pp. 117
    • Shapin1
  • 53
    • 85033138600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A social history of truth
    • On the relationship between probabilism and civil conversation see Shapin, A social history of truth (ref. 3), 117-19, 124-5, and "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 494-7.
    • Social Studies of Science , pp. 117-119
    • Shapin1
  • 54
    • 85033157939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pump and circumstance
    • On the relationship between probabilism and civil conversation see Shapin, A social history of truth (ref. 3), 117-19, 124-5, and "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 494-7.
    • Social Studies of Science , pp. 494-497
  • 55
    • 0009959230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baltimore, especially chap. 2, "The evidence of the senses: Secularization and epistemological crisis"
    • See, for example, Michael McKeon, The origins of the English novel, 1600-1740 (Baltimore, 1987), especially chap. 2, "The evidence of the senses: Secularization and epistemological crisis".
    • (1987) The Origins of the English Novel, 1600-1740
    • McKeon, M.1
  • 57
    • 0000955718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiquette, interdependence, and sociability in seventeenth-century science
    • Winter
    • Recently there have been a number of excellent studies which have explored the relationship between the courtly imperatives of civilité and the development of early modern experimental natural philosophy and natural history. In addition to works previously cited by Steven Shapin, see especially Mario Biagioli, "Etiquette, interdependence, and sociability in seventeenth-century science", in Critical inquiry, xxii (Winter, 1996), 193-238; idem, "Scientific revolution, social bricolage, and etiquette", in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), The Scientific Revolution in national context (Cambridge, 1992), 11-54; Lorraine Daston, "Baconian facts, academic civility, and the prehistory of objectivity", in Allan Megill (ed.), Rethinking objectivity (Durham, N.C., 1994), 37-63; Paula Findlen, "Controlling the experiment: Rhetoric, court patronage and the experimental method of Francesco Redi", History of science, xxxi (1993), 35-64; idem, Possessing nature: Museums, collecting, and scientific culture in early modern Italy (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1994); Jay Tribby, "Body/building: Living the museum life in early modern Europe", Rhetorica, x (1992), 139-63; and idem, "Cooking (with) Clio: Eloquence and experiment in seventeenth-century Florence", in Journal of the history of ideas. lii (1991), 417-39.
    • (1996) Critical Inquiry , vol.22 , pp. 193-238
    • Biagioli, M.1
  • 58
    • 0000955718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific revolution, social bricolage, and etiquette
    • R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), Cambridge
    • Recently there have been a number of excellent studies which have explored the relationship between the courtly imperatives of civilité and the development of early modern experimental natural philosophy and natural history. In addition to works previously cited by Steven Shapin, see especially Mario Biagioli, "Etiquette, interdependence, and sociability in seventeenth-century science", in Critical inquiry, xxii (Winter, 1996), 193-238; idem, "Scientific revolution, social bricolage, and etiquette", in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), The Scientific Revolution in national context (Cambridge, 1992), 11-54; Lorraine Daston, "Baconian facts, academic civility, and the prehistory of objectivity", in Allan Megill (ed.), Rethinking objectivity (Durham, N.C., 1994), 37-63; Paula Findlen, "Controlling the experiment: Rhetoric, court patronage and the experimental method of Francesco Redi", History of science, xxxi (1993), 35-64; idem, Possessing nature: Museums, collecting, and scientific culture in early modern Italy (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1994); Jay Tribby, "Body/building: Living the museum life in early modern Europe", Rhetorica, x (1992), 139-63; and idem, "Cooking (with) Clio: Eloquence and experiment in seventeenth-century Florence", in Journal of the history of ideas. lii (1991), 417-39.
    • (1992) The Scientific Revolution in National Context , pp. 11-54
    • Shapin, S.1    Biagioli, M.2
  • 59
    • 0000955718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baconian facts, academic civility, and the prehistory of objectivity
    • Allan Megill (ed.), Durham, N.C.
    • Recently there have been a number of excellent studies which have explored the relationship between the courtly imperatives of civilité and the development of early modern experimental natural philosophy and natural history. In addition to works previously cited by Steven Shapin, see especially Mario Biagioli, "Etiquette, interdependence, and sociability in seventeenth-century science", in Critical inquiry, xxii (Winter, 1996), 193-238; idem, "Scientific revolution, social bricolage, and etiquette", in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), The Scientific Revolution in national context (Cambridge, 1992), 11-54; Lorraine Daston, "Baconian facts, academic civility, and the prehistory of objectivity", in Allan Megill (ed.), Rethinking objectivity (Durham, N.C., 1994), 37-63; Paula Findlen, "Controlling the experiment: Rhetoric, court patronage and the experimental method of Francesco Redi", History of science, xxxi (1993), 35-64; idem, Possessing nature: Museums, collecting, and scientific culture in early modern Italy (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1994); Jay Tribby, "Body/building: Living the museum life in early modern Europe", Rhetorica, x (1992), 139-63; and idem, "Cooking (with) Clio: Eloquence and experiment in seventeenth-century Florence", in Journal of the history of ideas. lii (1991), 417-39.
    • (1994) Rethinking Objectivity , pp. 37-63
    • Daston, L.1
  • 60
    • 0027552322 scopus 로고
    • Controlling the experiment: Rhetoric, court patronage and the experimental method of Francesco Redi
    • Recently there have been a number of excellent studies which have explored the relationship between the courtly imperatives of civilité and the development of early modern experimental natural philosophy and natural history. In addition to works previously cited by Steven Shapin, see especially Mario Biagioli, "Etiquette, interdependence, and sociability in seventeenth-century science", in Critical inquiry, xxii (Winter, 1996), 193-238; idem, "Scientific revolution, social bricolage, and etiquette", in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), The Scientific Revolution in national context (Cambridge, 1992), 11-54; Lorraine Daston, "Baconian facts, academic civility, and the prehistory of objectivity", in Allan Megill (ed.), Rethinking objectivity (Durham, N.C., 1994), 37-63; Paula Findlen, "Controlling the experiment: Rhetoric, court patronage and the experimental method of Francesco Redi", History of science, xxxi (1993), 35-64; idem, Possessing nature: Museums, collecting, and scientific culture in early modern Italy (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1994); Jay Tribby, "Body/building: Living the museum life in early modern Europe", Rhetorica, x (1992), 139-63; and idem, "Cooking (with) Clio: Eloquence and experiment in seventeenth-century Florence", in Journal of the history of ideas. lii (1991), 417-39.
    • (1993) History of Science , vol.31 , pp. 35-64
    • Findlen, P.1
  • 61
    • 0000955718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berkeley, Los Angeles and London
    • Recently there have been a number of excellent studies which have explored the relationship between the courtly imperatives of civilité and the development of early modern experimental natural philosophy and natural history. In addition to works previously cited by Steven Shapin, see especially Mario Biagioli, "Etiquette, interdependence, and sociability in seventeenth-century science", in Critical inquiry, xxii (Winter, 1996), 193-238; idem, "Scientific revolution, social bricolage, and etiquette", in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), The Scientific Revolution in national context (Cambridge, 1992), 11-54; Lorraine Daston, "Baconian facts, academic civility, and the prehistory of objectivity", in Allan Megill (ed.), Rethinking objectivity (Durham, N.C., 1994), 37-63; Paula Findlen, "Controlling the experiment: Rhetoric, court patronage and the experimental method of Francesco Redi", History of science, xxxi (1993), 35-64; idem, Possessing nature: Museums, collecting, and scientific culture in early modern Italy (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1994); Jay Tribby, "Body/building: Living the museum life in early modern Europe", Rhetorica, x (1992), 139-63; and idem, "Cooking (with) Clio: Eloquence and experiment in seventeenth-century Florence", in Journal of the history of ideas. lii (1991), 417-39.
    • (1994) Possessing Nature: Museums, Collecting, and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy
    • Findlen, P.1
  • 62
    • 84968162637 scopus 로고
    • Body/building: Living the museum life in early modern Europe
    • Recently there have been a number of excellent studies which have explored the relationship between the courtly imperatives of civilité and the development of early modern experimental natural philosophy and natural history. In addition to works previously cited by Steven Shapin, see especially Mario Biagioli, "Etiquette, interdependence, and sociability in seventeenth-century science", in Critical inquiry, xxii (Winter, 1996), 193-238; idem, "Scientific revolution, social bricolage, and etiquette", in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), The Scientific Revolution in national context (Cambridge, 1992), 11-54; Lorraine Daston, "Baconian facts, academic civility, and the prehistory of objectivity", in Allan Megill (ed.), Rethinking objectivity (Durham, N.C., 1994), 37-63; Paula Findlen, "Controlling the experiment: Rhetoric, court patronage and the experimental method of Francesco Redi", History of science, xxxi (1993), 35-64; idem, Possessing nature: Museums, collecting, and scientific culture in early modern Italy (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1994); Jay Tribby, "Body/building: Living the museum life in early modern Europe", Rhetorica, x (1992), 139-63; and idem, "Cooking (with) Clio: Eloquence and experiment in seventeenth-century Florence", in Journal of the history of ideas. lii (1991), 417-39.
    • (1992) Rhetorica , vol.10 , pp. 139-163
    • Tribby, J.1
  • 63
    • 0026195737 scopus 로고
    • Cooking (with) Clio: Eloquence and experiment in seventeenth-century Florence
    • Recently there have been a number of excellent studies which have explored the relationship between the courtly imperatives of civilité and the development of early modern experimental natural philosophy and natural history. In addition to works previously cited by Steven Shapin, see especially Mario Biagioli, "Etiquette, interdependence, and sociability in seventeenth-century science", in Critical inquiry, xxii (Winter, 1996), 193-238; idem, "Scientific revolution, social bricolage, and etiquette", in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), The Scientific Revolution in national context (Cambridge, 1992), 11-54; Lorraine Daston, "Baconian facts, academic civility, and the prehistory of objectivity", in Allan Megill (ed.), Rethinking objectivity (Durham, N.C., 1994), 37-63; Paula Findlen, "Controlling the experiment: Rhetoric, court patronage and the experimental method of Francesco Redi", History of science, xxxi (1993), 35-64; idem, Possessing nature: Museums, collecting, and scientific culture in early modern Italy (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1994); Jay Tribby, "Body/building: Living the museum life in early modern Europe", Rhetorica, x (1992), 139-63; and idem, "Cooking (with) Clio: Eloquence and experiment in seventeenth-century Florence", in Journal of the history of ideas. lii (1991), 417-39.
    • (1991) Journal of the History of Ideas , vol.52 , pp. 417-439
    • Tribby, J.1
  • 65
    • 0346857958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London, (my emphasis is added on "weight" and "matter")
    • Peacham, Henry the Younger, The complete gentleman (London, 1634), 42-43 (my emphasis is added on "weight" and "matter").
    • (1634) The Complete Gentleman , pp. 42-43
    • Peacham, H.1
  • 67
    • 0347299790 scopus 로고
    • London, Parliament refused to fund this scheme; it was resubmitted several years later by Kynaston's friend and patron, Arundel, but there is no evidence that these plans were ever implemented
    • Francis Kynaston, The constitutions of the Musaeum Minervae (London, 1636), 4-5. Parliament refused to fund this scheme; it was resubmitted several years later by Kynaston's friend and patron, Arundel, but there is no evidence that these plans were ever implemented.
    • (1636) The Constitutions of the Musaeum Minervae , pp. 4-5
    • Kynaston, F.1
  • 72
    • 79959035364 scopus 로고
    • A 'College' for the Royal Society: The abortive plan of 1667-8
    • Woodbridge
    • In Thomas Birch (ed.),The history of the Royal Society of London, for improving knowledge from its first rise, ii (London, 1756), for example, 243. Also see in this regard Michael Hunter's "A 'College' for the Royal Society: The abortive plan of 1667-8", in his Establishing the new science (Woodbridge, 1989), 156-84.
    • (1989) Establishing the New Science , pp. 156-184
    • Hunter, M.1
  • 73
    • 0042113680 scopus 로고
    • The English virtuoso in the seventeenth century
    • See the classic articles by W. E. Houghton, "The English virtuoso in the seventeenth century", in the Journal of the history of ideas, iii (1942), 51-73, 190-219; also see Shapin's '"A scholar and a gentleman'" (ref. 18).
    • (1942) Journal of the History of Ideas , vol.3 , pp. 51-73
    • Houghton, W.E.1
  • 74
    • 85033126871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scholar and a gentleman
    • See the classic articles by W. E. Houghton, "The English virtuoso in the seventeenth century", in the Journal of the history of ideas, iii (1942), 51-73, 190-219; also see Shapin's '"A scholar and a gentleman'" (ref. 18).
    • Social Studies of Science
    • Shapin1
  • 75
    • 85033145644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Madison and London, 1965-86
    • Regarding the purchase of this collection see the letter from Henry Oldenburg to Boyle dated 27 January 1666 in A. Rupert Hall and Marie Boas Hall (eds), The correspondence of Henry Oldenburg (Madison and London, 1965-86), iii, 32, cited in Hunter, op. cit. (ref. 39), 127. For more details on the Royal Society's collection see Hunter's excellent treatment, "Between cabinet of curiosities and research collection: The history of the Royal Society's 'Repository'", found in the same collection, pp. 123-55; the citation for Evelyn is on p. 128.
    • The Correspondence of Henry Oldenburg , vol.3 , pp. 32
    • Rupert Hall, A.1    Hall, M.B.2
  • 76
    • 0003709578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regarding the purchase of this collection see the letter from Henry Oldenburg to Boyle dated 27 January 1666 in A. Rupert Hall and Marie Boas Hall (eds), The correspondence of Henry Oldenburg (Madison and London, 1965-86), iii, 32, cited in Hunter, op. cit. (ref. 39), 127. For more details on the Royal Society's collection see Hunter's excellent treatment, "Between cabinet of curiosities and research collection: The history of the Royal Society's 'Repository'", found in the same collection, pp. 123-55; the citation for Evelyn is on p. 128.
    • Establishing the New Science , pp. 127
    • Hunter1
  • 77
    • 0041822470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • the citation for Evelyn is on p. 128
    • Regarding the purchase of this collection see the letter from Henry Oldenburg to Boyle dated 27 January 1666 in A. Rupert Hall and Marie Boas Hall (eds), The correspondence of Henry Oldenburg (Madison and London, 1965-86), iii, 32, cited in Hunter, op. cit. (ref. 39), 127. For more details on the Royal Society's collection see Hunter's excellent treatment, "Between cabinet of curiosities and research collection: The history of the Royal Society's 'Repository'", found in the same collection, pp. 123-55; the citation for Evelyn is on p. 128.
    • Between Cabinet of Curiosities and Research Collection: The History of the Royal Society's 'Repository' , pp. 123-155
    • Hunter1
  • 78
    • 85033141732 scopus 로고
    • A discourse of earthquakes
    • Richard Waller (ed.), originally published in London, 1705; facsimile with introduction by T. M. Brown, London
    • Robert Hooke, "A discourse of earthquakes", in Richard Waller (ed.), The posthumous works of Robert Hooke (originally published in London, 1705; facsimile with introduction by T. M. Brown, London, 1971), 338.
    • (1971) The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke , pp. 338
    • Hooke, R.1
  • 80
    • 0040568649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regarding the role that collections played in animating civil conversation in the early modern period see ref. 32 above, and in particular, Findlen's Possessing nature, especially pp. 97-150, and Tribby's "Body/building".
    • Possessing Nature , pp. 97-150
    • Findlen1
  • 81
    • 85033126957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regarding the role that collections played in animating civil conversation in the early modern period see ref. 32 above, and in particular, Findlen's Possessing nature, especially pp. 97-150, and Tribby's "Body/building".
    • Body/Building
    • Tribby1
  • 83
    • 0003914547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sprat, History of the Royal Society (ref. 28), 113. In this regard, Tony Davis comments that John Wilkins's project aimed at the "abolition of the distinction between words and things". See his "The Ark in flames: Science, language and education in seventeenth-century England", in A. E. Benjamin, G. N. Cantor and J. R. R. Christie (eds), The figural and the literal (Manchester, 1987), 83-102, p. 87.
    • History of the Royal Society , pp. 113
    • Sprat1
  • 84
    • 21244473552 scopus 로고
    • The Ark in flames: Science, language and education in seventeenth-century England
    • A. E. Benjamin, G. N. Cantor and J. R. R. Christie (eds), Manchester
    • Sprat, History of the Royal Society (ref. 28), 113. In this regard, Tony Davis comments that John Wilkins's project aimed at the "abolition of the distinction between words and things". See his "The Ark in flames: Science, language and education in seventeenth-century England", in A. E. Benjamin, G. N. Cantor and J. R. R. Christie (eds), The figural and the literal (Manchester, 1987), 83-102, p. 87.
    • (1987) The Figural and the Literal , pp. 83-102
  • 87
    • 0346229963 scopus 로고
    • New Haven and London
    • On Arundel and his collection see David Howarth, Lord Arundel and his circle (New Haven and London, 1985), and also Graham Parry, The Golden Age restor'd: The culture of the Stuart court, 1603-42 (Manchester, 1981), 108-36.
    • (1985) Lord Arundel and His Circle
    • Howarth, D.1
  • 89
    • 0003712751 scopus 로고
    • Baltimore
    • On the relationship between practices of collecting and identity formation see ref. 32, and also Susan Stewart, On longing: Narratives of the miniature, the gigantic, the souvenir, the collection (Baltimore, 1984), 157-8; James Clifford, "Objects and selves -An afterward", in George Stocking Jr (ed.), Objects and others: Essays on museums and material culture (Madison, 1985), 236-46. In this sense, as Pierre Bourdieu suggests, collecting, as a kind of aesthetic consumption of goods, can be compared to other forms of commodity consumption insofar as it serves to distinguish and demarcate an individual's tastes and dispositions as being those of a particular class or group; see, for example. Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste, transl. by Richard Nice (Cambridge, Mass., 1984).
    • (1984) On Longing: Narratives of the Miniature, the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection , pp. 157-158
    • Stewart, S.1
  • 90
    • 0002702225 scopus 로고
    • Objects and selves -An afterward
    • George Stocking Jr (ed.), Madison
    • On the relationship between practices of collecting and identity formation see ref. 32, and also Susan Stewart, On longing: Narratives of the miniature, the gigantic, the souvenir, the collection (Baltimore, 1984), 157-8; James Clifford, "Objects and selves -An afterward", in George Stocking Jr (ed.), Objects and others: Essays on museums and material culture (Madison, 1985), 236-46. In this sense, as Pierre Bourdieu suggests, collecting, as a kind of aesthetic consumption of goods, can be compared to other forms of commodity consumption insofar as it serves to distinguish and demarcate an individual's tastes and dispositions as being those of a particular class or group; see, for example. Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste, transl. by Richard Nice (Cambridge, Mass., 1984).
    • (1985) Objects and Others: Essays on Museums and Material Culture , pp. 236-246
    • Clifford, J.1
  • 91
    • 34248594035 scopus 로고
    • transl. by Richard Nice Cambridge, Mass.
    • On the relationship between practices of collecting and identity formation see ref. 32, and also Susan Stewart, On longing: Narratives of the miniature, the gigantic, the souvenir, the collection (Baltimore, 1984), 157-8; James Clifford, "Objects and selves -An afterward", in George Stocking Jr (ed.), Objects and others: Essays on museums and material culture (Madison, 1985), 236-46. In this sense, as Pierre Bourdieu suggests, collecting, as a kind of aesthetic consumption of goods, can be compared to other forms of commodity consumption insofar as it serves to distinguish and demarcate an individual's tastes and dispositions as being those of a particular class or group; see, for example. Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste, transl. by Richard Nice (Cambridge, Mass., 1984).
    • (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste
  • 93
    • 0347299844 scopus 로고
    • transl. by Craig Thompson New York
    • Desidarius Erasmus, Ten colloquies, transl. by Craig Thompson (New York, 1986), 135.
    • (1986) Ten Colloquies , pp. 135
    • Erasmus, D.1
  • 96
  • 97
    • 85033157258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., 173; on the importance of the metaphor of the hunt for early modern science, see William Eamon, Science on the secrets of nature: Books of secrets in medieval and early modern culture (Princeton, 1994), 269-300.
    • Ten Colloquies , pp. 173
  • 101
    • 85033126871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scholar and a gentleman
    • See, for example, Shapin's "'A scholar and a gentleman'" (ref. 18), 283, and Harwood's "Science writing and writing science" (ref. 1), 45. It is perhaps worth noting that the word virtuoso was first introduced into the English language by Henry Peacham; see The complete gentleman (ref. 34), 105.
    • Social Studies of Science , pp. 283
    • Shapin1
  • 102
    • 85033137329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See, for example, Shapin's "'A scholar and a gentleman'" (ref. 18), 283, and Harwood's "Science writing and writing science" (ref. 1), 45. It is perhaps worth noting that the word virtuoso was first introduced into the English language by Henry Peacham; see The complete gentleman (ref. 34), 105.
    • Robert Boyle Reconsidered , pp. 45
    • Harwood1
  • 103
    • 0346857958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See, for example, Shapin's "'A scholar and a gentleman'" (ref. 18), 283, and Harwood's "Science writing and writing science" (ref. 1), 45. It is perhaps worth noting that the word virtuoso was first introduced into the English language by Henry Peacham; see The complete gentleman (ref. 34), 105.
    • The Complete Gentleman , pp. 105
    • Peacham, H.1
  • 104
    • 84920173215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ref. 15
    • Letter from John Beale to Robert Boyle, dated 8 August 1666, Boyle, Works (ref. 15), vi, 413.
    • Works , vol.6 , pp. 413
  • 105
    • 85033140044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Excepting, of course, works by Boyle, and those by the late seventeenth-century religious reformer, John Owen, of which there were also ten. See Harwood, The early essays (ref. 1), which lists the contents of what Harwood originally identified as Boyle's library, pp. 252-81. Recent evidence, brought to light by Michael Hunter, has challenged Harwood's identification of this booklist with Boyle's library; rather it seems to have belonged to Boyle's servant and executor John Warr, see Hunter's microfilm edition of the Boyle Papers, Letters and papers of Robert Boyle (1992). Nevertheless, many of the books on this list were kept in rooms at Boyle's home. And indeed, Warr both lived and worked closely with Boyle for some twenty years. Thus, though one cannot directly link this booklist to Boyle's library, it remains a valuable source of evidence for understanding the intellectual milieu within which Boyle lived and worked. I would like to thank an anonymous referee for History of science for calling my attention to Hunter's comments regarding this booklist; I would also like to thank John Harwood for generously sharing his thoughts with me regarding the current status of his original claims about it.
    • The Early Essays
    • Harwood1
  • 107
    • 84957015231 scopus 로고
    • Oxford, Cave notes that "... one of the particular senses of copia is 'treasure-chest', 'hoard', or 'store' (thesaurus)"
    • Terrence Cave, The cornucopian text: Problems of writing in the French Renaissance (Oxford, 1979), 5-6. Cave notes that "... one of the particular senses of copia is 'treasure-chest', 'hoard', or 'store' (thesaurus)".
    • (1979) The Cornucopian Text: Problems of Writing in the French Renaissance , pp. 5-6
    • Cave, T.1
  • 108
    • 0347929843 scopus 로고
    • Barrow as a scholar
    • Mordechai Feingold (ed.), Cambridge
    • On the Kunstprosa in early modern England see, for example, Anthony Grafton, "Barrow as a scholar", in Mordechai Feingold (ed.), Before Newton: The life and times of Isaac Barrow (Cambridge, 1990), 291-302, especially pp. 296-7.
    • (1990) Before Newton: The Life and Times of Isaac Barrow , pp. 291-302
    • Grafton, A.1
  • 109
    • 84882204204 scopus 로고
    • ed. by Craig R. Thompson, transl. and annotated by Betty Knott, Toronto
    • Desiderius Erasmus, Collected works of Erasmus, ed. by Craig R. Thompson, transl. and annotated by Betty Knott, xxiv (Toronto, 1978), 295.
    • (1978) Collected Works of Erasmus , vol.24 , pp. 295
    • Erasmus, D.1
  • 110
    • 0011574609 scopus 로고
    • Humanist methods of natural philosophy: The commonplace book
    • According to Ann Blair, the commonplace book was "... a crucial tool for storing and retrieving the increasingly unwieldy quantity of textual and personal knowledge that guaranteed copiousness in speech and writing". Indeed, she concludes that "[t]he commonplace book thus spread as widely in Renaissance Europe as the Erasmian ideal of eloquence through copia rerum or abundance of material". Ann Blair, "Humanist methods of natural philosophy: The commonplace book". Journal of the history of ideas, liii (1992), 541-51, p. 542. Though Boyle's early treatises are not, in the strict sense, commonplace books, they were - as Shapin points out with regard to similar ethical texts - "... fundamentally structured through the rearrangement and resituation of the contexts of personal commonplace books". See Steven Shapin, "Personal development and intellectual biography: The case of Robert Boyle", The British journal for the history of science, xxvi (1993), 335-45, quotation on p. 340.
    • (1992) Journal of the History of Ideas , vol.53 , pp. 541-551
    • Blair, A.1
  • 111
    • 0002253063 scopus 로고
    • Personal development and intellectual biography: The case of Robert Boyle
    • quotation on p. 340
    • According to Ann Blair, the commonplace book was "... a crucial tool for storing and retrieving the increasingly unwieldy quantity of textual and personal knowledge that guaranteed copiousness in speech and writing". Indeed, she concludes that "[t]he commonplace book thus spread as widely in Renaissance Europe as the Erasmian ideal of eloquence through copia rerum or abundance of material". Ann Blair, "Humanist methods of natural philosophy: The commonplace book". Journal of the history of ideas, liii (1992), 541-51, p. 542. Though Boyle's early treatises are not, in the strict sense, commonplace books, they were - as Shapin points out with regard to similar ethical texts - "... fundamentally structured through the rearrangement and resituation of the contexts of personal commonplace books". See Steven Shapin, "Personal development and intellectual biography: The case of Robert Boyle", The British journal for the history of science, xxvi (1993), 335-45, quotation on p. 340.
    • (1993) The British Journal for the History of Science , vol.26 , pp. 335-345
    • Shapin, S.1
  • 114
    • 84900834889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boyle, Works (ref. 15), ii, 340.
    • Works , vol.2 , pp. 340
    • Boyle1
  • 117
    • 0003934483 scopus 로고
    • ed. by Arthur Johnston Oxford
    • Francis Bacon, The advancement of learning, ed. by Arthur Johnston (Oxford, 1974), 129-30, cited in Blair, "Humanist methods" (ref. 66), 550.
    • (1974) The Advancement of Learning , pp. 129-130
    • Bacon, F.1
  • 118
    • 0347299803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ref. 66
    • Francis Bacon, The advancement of learning, ed. by Arthur Johnston (Oxford, 1974), 129-30, cited in Blair, "Humanist methods" (ref. 66), 550.
    • Humanist Methods , pp. 550
    • Blair1
  • 120
    • 84873540875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ref. 50
    • See, for example, Stewart, On longing (ref. 50), 155-6.
    • On Longing , pp. 155-156
    • Stewart1
  • 121
    • 85033130708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The act of showing, of display, as a means of status distinction, implies a parallel transformation in ways of seeing; the theatre of correct manners, dress and speech demands not only that the actor be seen by an audience, but that he too observes - measures, dissects and evaluates -the manners and motives of those around him. See refs 18 and 32 above.
  • 125
    • 0002379686 scopus 로고
    • Reviews on artifact and experiment
    • Lorraine Daston, "Reviews on artifact and experiment", Isis, lxxix (1988), 452-67, p. 460. Also see Giuseppe Olmi, "Science - honour - metaphor: Italian cabinets of curiosities in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries", in Oliver Impey and Arthur MacGregor (eds), The origins of museums: The cabinet of curiosities in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe (Oxford, 1985), 5-16, and Krzysztof Pomian, Collectors and curiosities: Paris and Venice, 1500-1800, transl. by Elizabeth Wiles-Portier (Cambridge, 1990), especially chap. 1, "Between the invisible and the visible: The collection".
    • (1988) Isis , vol.79 , pp. 452-467
    • Daston, L.1
  • 126
    • 0347299806 scopus 로고
    • Science - Honour - Metaphor: Italian cabinets of curiosities in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
    • Oliver Impey and Arthur MacGregor (eds), Oxford
    • Lorraine Daston, "Reviews on artifact and experiment", Isis, lxxix (1988), 452-67, p. 460. Also see Giuseppe Olmi, "Science - honour - metaphor: Italian cabinets of curiosities in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries", in Oliver Impey and Arthur MacGregor (eds), The origins of museums: The cabinet of curiosities in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe (Oxford, 1985), 5-16, and Krzysztof Pomian, Collectors and curiosities: Paris and Venice, 1500-1800, transl. by Elizabeth Wiles-Portier (Cambridge, 1990), especially chap. 1, "Between the invisible and the visible: The collection".
    • (1985) The Origins of Museums: The Cabinet of Curiosities in Sixteenth- And Seventeenth-century Europe , pp. 5-16
    • Olmi, G.1
  • 127
    • 0004106633 scopus 로고
    • transl. by Elizabeth Wiles-Portier Cambridge, especially chap. 1, "Between the invisible and the visible: The collection"
    • Lorraine Daston, "Reviews on artifact and experiment", Isis, lxxix (1988), 452-67, p. 460. Also see Giuseppe Olmi, "Science - honour - metaphor: Italian cabinets of curiosities in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries", in Oliver Impey and Arthur MacGregor (eds), The origins of museums: The cabinet of curiosities in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe (Oxford, 1985), 5-16, and Krzysztof Pomian, Collectors and curiosities: Paris and Venice, 1500-1800, transl. by Elizabeth Wiles-Portier (Cambridge, 1990), especially chap. 1, "Between the invisible and the visible: The collection".
    • (1990) Collectors and Curiosities: Paris and Venice, 1500-1800
    • Pomian, K.1
  • 129
    • 85033126957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ref. 32
    • Tribby makes a similar point with regards to the homologies existing between "the display of collected objects in a museum and the display of the civil body in early modern Europe...", and the ways in which "a courtier could use a museum to raise his profile and distinguish himself from his contemporaries ...". See Tribby, "Body/building" (ref. 32), 152-3.
    • Body/Building , pp. 152-153
    • Tribby1
  • 131
  • 132
    • 85033144143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., 578.
    • De Copia , pp. 578
  • 133
    • 85033139899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., 579.
    • De Copia , pp. 579
  • 134
    • 85033139899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • my emphasis
    • Ibid., 579, my emphasis.
    • De Copia , pp. 579
  • 135
    • 85033152080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., 582.
    • De Copia , pp. 582
  • 136
    • 85033149522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., 559.
    • De Copia , pp. 559
  • 137
    • 85033146936 scopus 로고
    • De civilitate: De civilitate morum puerilium
    • Erika Rummel (ed.), Toronto
    • Indeed, for Erasmus, such intellectual virtue was definitive of nobility. As he said: "... everyone who cultivates the mind in liberal studies must be taken to be noble. Let others paint lions, eagles, bulls, or leopards on their escutcheons; those who can display 'devices' of the intellect commensurate with their grasp of liberal arts have a truer nobility." See his De civilitate: De civilitate morum puerilium, in Erika Rummel (ed.), The Erasmus reader (Toronto, 1990), 102.
    • (1990) The Erasmus Reader , pp. 102
  • 142
    • 85033152569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutio
    • ref. 7
    • Quintilian, Institutio (ref. 7), Book IV: ii, 64. Also see Ginzburg, "Montrer" (ref. 4), 46.
    • Book IV , vol.2 , pp. 64
    • Quintilian1
  • 143
    • 85033145969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montrer
    • Quintilian, Institutio (ref. 7), Book IV: ii, 64. Also see Ginzburg, "Montrer" (ref. 4), 46.
    • Le Débat , pp. 46
    • Ginzburg1
  • 144
    • 85033139893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ref. 62
    • Howell, Logic (ref. 62), 127-8. Also see, for example, Friedrich Nietzsche, The genealogy of morals, transl. by Francis Golffing (New York, 1956), 160, regarding what Nietzsche called "the pathos of nobility and distance".
    • Logic , pp. 127-128
    • Howell1
  • 145
    • 0004239391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • transl. by Francis Golffing New York, 1956, regarding what Nietzsche called "the pathos of nobility and distance"
    • Howell, Logic (ref. 62), 127-8. Also see, for example, Friedrich Nietzsche, The genealogy of morals, transl. by Francis Golffing (New York, 1956), 160, regarding what Nietzsche called "the pathos of nobility and distance".
    • The Genealogy of Morals , pp. 160
    • Nietzsche, F.1
  • 146
    • 85033131034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ref. 92
    • Sherry, Treatise (ref. 92), 25.
    • Treatise , pp. 25
    • Sherry1
  • 148
    • 85033139893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • re. 62
    • Peacham's analysis borrows extensively from Sherry's Treatise, to the extent that he directly copies certain passages; see Howell, Logic (re. 62), 135.
    • Logic , pp. 135
    • Howell1
  • 152
    • 85033131034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ref. 92
    • Sherry, Treatise (ref. 92), 66.
    • Treatise , pp. 66
    • Sherry1
  • 153
  • 156
    • 85033145969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montrer
    • Ginzburg, "Montrer" (ref. 4), see p. 46, also see Cave, Cornucopian (ref. 63), 28.
    • Le Débat , pp. 46
    • Ginzburg1
  • 157
    • 85033145044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ref. 63
    • Ginzburg, "Montrer" (ref. 4), see p. 46, also see Cave, Cornucopian (ref. 63), 28.
    • Cornucopian , pp. 28
    • Cave1
  • 158
    • 80054265045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pump and circumstance
    • Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 491. John Harwood associates the idea of virtual witnessing with Hooke's strategies for verbal and visual enargeia, see his "Rhetoric and graphics in Micrographia", in M. Hunter and S. Schaffer (eds), Robert Hooke: New studies (Woodbridge, 1989), 119-47, especially pp. 135-47.
    • Social Studies of Science , pp. 491
    • Shapin1
  • 159
    • 0011496439 scopus 로고
    • Rhetoric and graphics in Micrographia
    • M. Hunter and S. Schaffer (eds), Woodbridge
    • Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 491. John Harwood associates the idea of virtual witnessing with Hooke's strategies for verbal and visual enargeia, see his "Rhetoric and graphics in Micrographia", in M. Hunter and S. Schaffer (eds), Robert Hooke: New studies (Woodbridge, 1989), 119-47, especially pp. 135-47.
    • (1989) Robert Hooke: New Studies , pp. 119-147
  • 160
    • 80054265045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pump and circumstance
    • See Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 492-3, and Boyle's A proëmial essay (ref. 15), 302.
    • Social Studies of Science , pp. 492-493
    • Shapin1
  • 161
    • 85033146505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ref. 15
    • See Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 492-3, and Boyle's A proëmial essay (ref. 15), 302.
    • Boyle's a Proëmial Essay , pp. 302
  • 162
    • 85033143040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boyle, Works (ref. 15), i, 2; also see Boyle's A proëmial essay (ref. 15), 305, and Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 493.
    • Works , vol.1 , pp. 2
    • Boyle1
  • 163
    • 85033127945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boyle, Works (ref. 15), i, 2; also see Boyle's A proëmial essay (ref. 15), 305, and Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 493.
    • A Proëmial Essay , pp. 305
    • Boyle1
  • 164
    • 80054265045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pump and circumstance
    • Boyle, Works (ref. 15), i, 2; also see Boyle's A proëmial essay (ref. 15), 305, and Shapin, "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1), 493.
    • Social Studies of Science , pp. 493
    • Shapin1
  • 165
    • 85033150857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boyle, Works (ref. 15), i, 246.
    • Works , vol.1 , pp. 246
    • Boyle1
  • 166
    • 0346857958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Peacham, The complete gentleman (ref. 34), 24, and Brathwaite, The English gentleman (ref. 33), 83-84.
    • The Complete Gentleman , pp. 24
    • Peacham1
  • 167
    • 0347929841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Peacham, The complete gentleman (ref. 34), 24, and Brathwaite, The English gentleman (ref. 33), 83-84.
    • The English Gentleman , pp. 83-84
    • Brathwaite1
  • 174
    • 0347929850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boyle, Some considerations (ref. 16), 256; also see Markley, "Robert Boyle on language" (ref. 1), 162.
    • Some Considerations , pp. 256
    • Boyle1
  • 176
    • 0346038312 scopus 로고
    • Enargeia: Erasmus and the rhetoric of presence in the sixteenth century
    • Terrence Cave, "Enargeia: Erasmus and the rhetoric of presence in the sixteenth century", in L'Esprit créateur, xvi (1976), 5-19, p. 10.
    • (1976) L'Esprit Créateur , vol.16 , pp. 5-19
    • Cave, T.1
  • 179
    • 85033141632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boyle, Works (ref. 15), i, 126; also see Markley, "Robert Boyle on language" (ref. 1), 167.
    • Works , vol.1 , pp. 126
    • Boyle1
  • 183
    • 85033129623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • As Shapin has pointed out, despite the supposedly public character of experimental natural philosophy, in practice, accessibility to experimental trials was extremely limited. Thus, insofar as he sought to affirm the credibility of experimentally produced matters of fact by appeal to a public court of like-minded gentlemanly natural philosophers, Boyle had no choice but to rely upon what he considered a fundamentally flawed medium - that of language. See "Pump and circumstance" (ref. 1).
  • 184
    • 0004049387 scopus 로고
    • Chicago and London
    • This strategy, of course, had a long tradition in devotional tracts dedicated to image-assisted meditation. As David Freedberg notes, "[b]y concentrating on physical images, the natural inclination of the mind to wander is kept in check, and we ascend with increasing intensity to the spiritual and emotional essence of that which is represented in material form before our eyes...". See his The power of images: Studies in the history and theory of response (Chicago and London, 1989), 162. With regard to Boyle's use of similitude and metaphor as aids to seeing, remembering and meditating upon the physical world for spiritual ends, see Harwood's "Science writing and writing science" (ref. 1), 87.
    • (1989) The Power of Images: Studies in the History and Theory of Response , pp. 162
  • 185
    • 85033134451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science writing and writing science
    • This strategy, of course, had a long tradition in devotional tracts dedicated to image-assisted meditation. As David Freedberg notes, "[b]y concentrating on physical images, the natural inclination of the mind to wander is kept in check, and we ascend with increasing intensity to the spiritual and emotional essence of that which is represented in material form before our eyes...". See his The power of images: Studies in the history and theory of response (Chicago and London, 1989), 162. With regard to Boyle's use of similitude and metaphor as aids to seeing, remembering and meditating upon the physical world for spiritual ends, see Harwood's "Science writing and writing science" (ref. 1), 87.
    • Robert Boyle Reconsidered , pp. 87
    • Harwood1
  • 186
    • 85033144343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early essays
    • the parenthetical additions to Boyle's manuscript (included in Harwood's text) have been omitted here
    • Harwood, The early essays (ref. 1), 196; the parenthetical additions to Boyle's manuscript (included in Harwood's text) have been omitted here.
    • Robert Boyle Reconsidered , pp. 196
    • Harwood1
  • 187
    • 84920486791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idleness and solitude were among the principle causes of the "Waking Dreame[s]" and "Sinfull Thoughts" characteristic of raving. The rigorous pursuit of a civil calling was, Boyle advocated, "a souveraigne Preservative agenst Idleness (that mother of Vices) and an excellent preuention [against] 〈of〉 a world of Idle, Melancholick and exorbitant thoughts, and unwarrantable actions". Ibid., 85.
    • The Early Essays , pp. 85
  • 188
    • 0041775477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boyle, Works (ref. 15), ii, 5.
    • Works , vol.2 , pp. 5
    • Boyle1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.