Republicanism, religion, and Machiavelli's Savonarolan moment

Journal of the History of Ideas

Volumn 60, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 597-616

  Colish, Marcia L ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0043266485     PISSN: 00225037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3654110     Document Type: Article

References (407)

1. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
2. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
3. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
4. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
5. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
6. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
7. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
8. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
9. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
10. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
11. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
12. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
13. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
14. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
15. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
16. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
17. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
18. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
19. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
20. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B.
21. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
22. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
23. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
24. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
25. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
26. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
27. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
28. Supporters of these positions include Sydney Anglo, Machiavelli: A Dissection (New York, 1969), 72-73, 75-76, 85, 109-13, 118, 139-41, 264; Herbert Butterfield, The Statecraft of Machiavelli (New York, 1967), 15-36, 80-85; Ernst Cassirer, The Myth of the State (New Haven, 1973), ch. 12; Enrico Castelli, "Machiavellismo e cristianesimo," in Umanesimo e Machiavellismo (Padua, 1949), 8-16; idem, "Umanesimo e Machiavellismo," in ibid., 1-16; Francisco Javier Conde, El saber politico in Maquiavélo (Madrid, 1948); E. Harris Harbison, "Machiavelli's Prince and More's Utopia" in Facets of the Renaissance, ed. William H. Werkmeister (New York, 1963), 43; Hiram Hayden, The Counter-Renaissance (New York, 1950), 148-54; Mark Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli (Princeton, 1983), 62, 66-68, 204-18, 222, 227-28, 240, 245-55; Ernesto Landi, "Machiavelli," in Western Political Philosophers: A Background Book, ed. and tr. Maurice William Cranston (London, 1964), 37-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Necessity in the Beginning of Cities," in The Political Calculus: Essays on Machiavelli's Philosophy, ed. Anthony Parel (Toronto, 1972), 101, 117, 120-25; idem, "Party and Sect in Machiavelli's Florentine Histories," in Machiavelli and the Nature of Political Thought, ed. Martin Fleischer (New York, 1972), 209-66; idem, Taming the Prince: The Ambivalence of Modern Executive Power (Baltimore, 1993), 121-27, 134; Jacques Maritain, "The End of Machiavellianism," Review of Politics, 4 (1992), 1-33; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution: The Remaking of European Thought (New York, 1965), 107-11; Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d'État and Its Place in Modern History, tr. Douglas Scott (New York, 1965), 29-44; Leonardo Olschki, Machiavelli the Scientist (Berkeley, 1945), 21, 25, 28; Clifford Orwin, "Machiavelli's Unchristian Charity," American Political Science Review, 72 (1978), 1217-28; John Plamenatz, "Machiavelli," in Man and Society (New York, 1963), I: 8-9, 32-36, 41; Wayne A. Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men (Ithaca, 1988), 1-3, 17, 42, 98-100, 106-9, 111, 127-33, 145; Gerhard Ritter, The Corrupting Influence of Power, tr. F. W. Pick (Hadleigh, 1952), 17-43; Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 1978), I: 130-38, 145-48, 167, 183-86; Leo Strauss, "Machiavelli and Classical Literature," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 7-25; idem, Thoughts on Machiavelli (Seattle, 1969 [repr. of Glencoe, Ill., 1958 ed.]), passim; Pasquale Villari, The Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1968 [repr. of London, 1892 ed.]), I: 233; II: 84, 98-104, 110-13, 126, 228, 541-42, 549; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Concept of Virtù Reconsidered," Political Studies, 15 (1967), 169. The most recent and most virulent version of the claim that Machiavelli rejected all religions, pagan and Christian, is Vickie B. Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes: Religion, Human Liberty, and Politics Reformed (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), 3-117, 157-71.
29. 3), 27-113; idem, Machiavelli, tr. Gioconda Savini (New York, 1967), 3-4, 18-21, 26-27, 30-33, 36; idem, "The Christian Roots of Machiavelli's Moral Pessimism," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 26-37; see also Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "The Poetry of Power: Machiavelli's Literary Vision," ibid., 38-62; Silvia Ruffo Fiore, "Machiavelli and Reinhold Niebuhr: Politics and Christian Pragmatism," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 127-36; Michele Federico Sciacca, "La concezione dell'uomo nel pensiero di Machiavelli," Cultura e scuola, 33-34 (1970), 60-71.
30. 3), 27-113; idem, Machiavelli, tr. Gioconda Savini (New York, 1967), 3-4, 18-21, 26-27, 30-33, 36; idem, "The Christian Roots of Machiavelli's Moral Pessimism," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 26-37; see also Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "The Poetry of Power: Machiavelli's Literary Vision," ibid., 38-62; Silvia Ruffo Fiore, "Machiavelli and Reinhold Niebuhr: Politics and Christian Pragmatism," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 127-36; Michele Federico Sciacca, "La concezione dell'uomo nel pensiero di Machiavelli," Cultura e scuola, 33-34 (1970), 60-71.
31. 3), 27-113; idem, Machiavelli, tr. Gioconda Savini (New York, 1967), 3-4, 18-21, 26-27, 30-33, 36; idem, "The Christian Roots of Machiavelli's Moral Pessimism," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 26-37; see also Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "The Poetry of Power: Machiavelli's Literary Vision," ibid., 38-62; Silvia Ruffo Fiore, "Machiavelli and Reinhold Niebuhr: Politics and Christian Pragmatism," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 127-36; Michele Federico Sciacca, "La concezione dell'uomo nel pensiero di Machiavelli," Cultura e scuola, 33-34 (1970), 60-71.
32. 3), 27-113; idem, Machiavelli, tr. Gioconda Savini (New York, 1967), 3-4, 18-21, 26-27, 30-33, 36; idem, "The Christian Roots of Machiavelli's Moral Pessimism," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 26-37; see also Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "The Poetry of Power: Machiavelli's Literary Vision," ibid., 38-62; Silvia Ruffo Fiore, "Machiavelli and Reinhold Niebuhr: Politics and Christian Pragmatism," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 127-36; Michele Federico Sciacca, "La concezione dell'uomo nel pensiero di Machiavelli," Cultura e scuola, 33-34 (1970), 60-71.
33. 3), 27-113; idem, Machiavelli, tr. Gioconda Savini (New York, 1967), 3-4, 18-21, 26-27, 30-33, 36; idem, "The Christian Roots of Machiavelli's Moral Pessimism," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 26-37; see also Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "The Poetry of Power: Machiavelli's Literary Vision," ibid., 38-62; Silvia Ruffo Fiore, "Machiavelli and Reinhold Niebuhr: Politics and Christian Pragmatism," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 127-36; Michele Federico Sciacca, "La concezione dell'uomo nel pensiero di Machiavelli," Cultura e scuola, 33-34 (1970), 60-71.
34. 3), 27-113; idem, Machiavelli, tr. Gioconda Savini (New York, 1967), 3-4, 18-21, 26-27, 30-33, 36; idem, "The Christian Roots of Machiavelli's Moral Pessimism," Review of National Literatures, 1 (1970), 26-37; see also Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "The Poetry of Power: Machiavelli's Literary Vision," ibid., 38-62; Silvia Ruffo Fiore, "Machiavelli and Reinhold Niebuhr: Politics and Christian Pragmatism," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 127-36; Michele Federico Sciacca, "La concezione dell'uomo nel pensiero di Machiavelli," Cultura e scuola, 33-34 (1970), 60-71.
35. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
36. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
37. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
38. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
39. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
40. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
41. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
42. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
43. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
44. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
45. Isaiah Berlin, "The Originality of Machiavelli," in Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas (Oxford, 1991), 25-79; Ruben Calderon
46. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
47. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
48. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
49. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
50. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
51. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
52. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
53. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
54. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
55. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
56. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
57. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
58. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
59. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
60. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
61. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
62. 2), 133-34; Bernard Guillemain, Machiavel: L'Anthropologie politique (Geneva, 1977), 326-37, 374; J. R. Hale, Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy (London, 1961), 12-13, 16,73, 195; Hulliung, Citizen Machiavelli, 94; Werner Kaegi, "Vom Glauben Machiavel lis," in Historische Meditationen (Zürich, 1942), 89-117; Alikis Kontos, "Success and Knowledge in Machiavelli," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 91-93; Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy (Ithaca, 1979), passim, and Taming the Prince, 126-27, 134; Garrett Mattingly, "Changing Attitudes toward the State in the Renaissance," in Werkmeister (ed.), Facets of the Renaissance, 34, 36; Joseph Anthony Mazzeo, "Hell vs. Hell: From Dante to Machiavelli," Symposium, 14 (1963), 245-67, and Renaissance and Revolution, 107-11; Michael McCanles, The Discourse of the Prince (Malibu, 1983), 28, 54-56, 60-63, 90; Leonhard von Muralt, Machiavellis Staatsgedanke (Basel, 1945), 34-66, 83-97; Emile Namer, Machiavel (Paris, 1961), 116-27; Luigi Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli (Bologna, 1971), 30-33, 59-60, 64-65, 118, 150-53; J. Samuel Preus, "Machiavelli's Functional Analysis of Religion: Content and Object," JHI, 40 (1979), 171-90 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Giuliano Procacci, "La crisi politica italiana in Machiavelli," in Problemi dell'unamesimo, ed. Maria Bruscia, Ugo Dotti, and Gianfranco Mariani (Rome, 1972), 157-61; David C. Rapoport, "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant," Western Political Quarterly, 32 (1979), 123-43; Augustin Renaudet, Machiavel (Paris, 1942), 10, 11,85-87, 175, 179-85; Quentin Skinner, Machiavelli (New York, 1982), 61-64; Alberto Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," Studi storici, 10 (1969), 709-48; Richard C. Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), 336-38, 526, 529; Neal Wood, "Machiavelli's Humanism of Action," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 34-35, 38-39, 47-48, 54.
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65. 7), 15-18, 396-98; Silvia Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli (Boston, 1982), 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90; Gennaro Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli: Storia del suo pensiero politico (Bologna, 1980), 93-95, 107, 115, 197-205, 422-27, 429, 512-16, 600; Tenenti, "La re-ligione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-28, 730-35, 737-46.
66. 7), 15-18, 396-98; Silvia Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli (Boston, 1982), 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90; Gennaro Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli: Storia del suo pensiero politico (Bologna, 1980), 93-95, 107, 115, 197-205, 422-27, 429, 512-16, 600; Tenenti, "La re-ligione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-28, 730-35, 737-46.
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68. 7), 15-18, 396-98; Silvia Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli (Boston, 1982), 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90; Gennaro Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli: Storia del suo pensiero politico (Bologna, 1980), 93-95, 107, 115, 197-205, 422-27, 429, 512-16, 600; Tenenti, "La re-ligione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-28, 730-35, 737-46.
69. 7), 15-18, 396-98; Silvia Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli (Boston, 1982), 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90; Gennaro Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli: Storia del suo pensiero politico (Bologna, 1980), 93-95, 107, 115, 197-205, 422-27, 429, 512-16, 600; Tenenti, "La re-ligione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-28, 730-35, 737-46.
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73. 7), 15-18, 396-98; Silvia Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli (Boston, 1982), 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90; Gennaro Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli: Storia del suo pensiero politico (Bologna, 1980), 93-95, 107, 115, 197-205, 422-27, 429, 512-16, 600; Tenenti, "La re-ligione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-28, 730-35, 737-46.
74. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
75. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
76. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
77. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
78. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
79. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
80. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
81. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
82. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
83. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
84. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
85. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
86. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
87. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
88. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
89. Jack D'Amico, "Machiavelli and Memory," Modern Language Quarterly, 50 (1989), 118-20; Sebastian De Grazia, Machiavelli in Hell (Princeton, 1984), and "Machiavelli's Biblical Accuracy: A Note of Rectification," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 5 (1981), 141-45; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 159; John H. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies since 1969," JHI, 37 (1976), 364-68; Timothy J. Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness: The Political Advantage of Christianity in the Thought of Machiavelli," Renaissance and Reformation, n.s., 8 (1984), 266-71 (my thanks to John M. Headley for this reference); Anthony Parel, "Introduction: Machiavelli's Method and His Interpeters," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 5-7; John Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù" in ibid., 169-70, 172-73, 175-76, 177; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975), 170-72, 190-93, 202, 214-15; Russell Price, "The Senses of Virtù in Machiavelli," European Studies Review, 3 (1973), 316-18; idem, "The Theme of Gloria in Machiavelli," Renaissance Quarterly, 30 (1977), 589-94, 597-98, 600, 602-5, 610-15, 629-30; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 37, 43-48, 70-72, 87, 89-90, and " 'Upon Eagles' Wings': The Sacral Nature of Machiavelli's New Prince," Rivista di studi italiani, 3 (1985), 1-10; Victor A. Santi, "Religion and Politics in Machiavelli," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 17-24; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 724-27, 730-39, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 80-81.
90. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
91. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
92. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
93. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
94. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
95. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
96. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
97. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
98. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
99. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
100. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
101. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
102. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
103. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High
104. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
105. Among those commentators who see the Exhortation as hypocritical, frivolous, or ironic are Giovanni Cattani, La vita religiosa nella Esortazione alla penitenza e nella Mandragola de Niccolò Machiavelli (Faenza, 1973), 7-9, 15-16, 20-23, 26-27; Andrea Ciliotta-Rubeny, "A Question of Piety: Machiavelli's Treatment of Christianity in the Exhortation to Penitence" in Piety and Humanity: Essays on Religion and Early Modern Political Philosophy, ed. Douglas Kries (Lanham, Md., 1997), 11-44; Harvey C. Mansfield, "Strauss's Machiavelli," Political Theory, 3 (1975), 375; Peter Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance (Princeton, 1998), 281-82. Most others take the work seriously, although there is no consensus on whether Machiavelli delivered the sermon during Lent in 1495 to signify his entry into the Confraternitè della Pietà or toward the end of his life; Ronald F. E. Weissman, "Sacred Eloquence: Humanist Preaching and Lay Piety in Renaissance Florence," in Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imagination in the Quattrocento, ed. Timothy Verdon and John Henderson (Syracuse, 1990), 252, 257 thinks that Machiavelli preached the sermon before a different confraternity, that of the Magi. See Anthony Parel, "Machiavelli minore," in Parel (ed.), The Political Calculus, 186-208; see also Lukes, "To Bamboozle with Goodness," 267; Robert M. Adams, intro. to his tr. of Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York, 1977), 123-26; Allan Gilbert, intro. to his tr. of An Exhortation to Penitence in Niccolò Machiavelli, Chief Works and Others (Durham, 1965), I: 170-71; Guillemain, Machiavel, 30; Paul E. Norton, "Machiavelli's Road to Paradise: The 'Exhortation to Penitence,' " History of Political Thought, 4 (1983), 31 -42; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 176; J. G. A. Pocock, "Prophet and Inquisitor, Or, a Church Built on Bayonets Cannot Stand: A Comment on Mansfield's 'Strauss's Machiavelli,' " Political Theory, 3 (1975), 395; Ridolfi, Vita, 396; Armando Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli (Azzale, 1994), 55-56. On Machiavelli's alleged deathbed confession see Giuliano Procacci, Machiavelli nella cultura europea dell 'età moderna (Bari, 1995), 424-31.
106. See Frederick H. Russell, The Just War in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, 1975); also Roland H. Bainton, Christian Attitudes toward War and Peace: A Historical Survey and Critical Re-evaluation (New York, 1960), 101-26, 143-47; H. E. J. Cowdrey, "The Genesis of the Crusades: The Springs of Western Ideas about Holy War," in The Holy War, ed. Thomas Patrick Murphy (Columbus, 1976), 9-32; Neal Wood, intro. to his tr. of Niccoló Machiavelli, The Art of War (Indianapolis, 1965), xxiv-xxv; and the contributors to "Militia Christi" e crocciata nei secoli XI-XIII (Milan, 1992).
107. See Frederick H. Russell, The Just War in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, 1975); also Roland H. Bainton, Christian Attitudes toward War and Peace: A Historical Survey and Critical Re-evaluation (New York, 1960), 101-26, 143-47; H. E. J. Cowdrey, "The Genesis of the Crusades: The Springs of Western Ideas about Holy War," in The Holy War, ed. Thomas Patrick Murphy (Columbus, 1976), 9-32; Neal Wood, intro. to his tr. of Niccoló Machiavelli, The Art of War (Indianapolis, 1965), xxiv-xxv; and the contributors to "Militia Christi" e crocciata nei secoli XI-XIII (Milan, 1992).
108. See Frederick H. Russell, The Just War in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, 1975); also Roland H. Bainton, Christian Attitudes toward War and Peace: A Historical Survey and Critical Re-evaluation (New York, 1960), 101-26, 143-47; H. E. J. Cowdrey, "The Genesis of the Crusades: The Springs of Western Ideas about Holy War," in The Holy War, ed. Thomas Patrick Murphy (Columbus, 1976), 9-32; Neal Wood, intro. to his tr. of Niccoló Machiavelli, The Art of War (Indianapolis, 1965), xxiv-xxv; and the contributors to "Militia Christi" e crocciata nei secoli XI-XIII (Milan, 1992).
109. See Frederick H. Russell, The Just War in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, 1975); also Roland H. Bainton, Christian Attitudes toward War and Peace: A Historical Survey and Critical Re-evaluation (New York, 1960), 101-26, 143-47; H. E. J. Cowdrey, "The Genesis of the Crusades: The Springs of Western Ideas about Holy War," in The Holy War, ed. Thomas Patrick Murphy (Columbus, 1976), 9-32; Neal Wood, intro. to his tr. of Niccoló Machiavelli, The Art of War (Indianapolis, 1965), xxiv-xxv; and the contributors to "Militia Christi" e crocciata nei secoli XI-XIII (Milan, 1992).
110. See Frederick H. Russell, The Just War in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, 1975); also Roland H. Bainton, Christian Attitudes toward War and Peace: A Historical Survey and Critical Re-evaluation (New York, 1960), 101-26, 143-47; H. E. J. Cowdrey, "The Genesis of the Crusades: The Springs of Western Ideas about Holy War," in The Holy War, ed. Thomas Patrick Murphy (Columbus, 1976), 9-32; Neal Wood, intro. to his tr. of Niccoló Machiavelli, The Art of War (Indianapolis, 1965), xxiv-xxv; and the contributors to "Militia Christi" e crocciata nei secoli XI-XIII (Milan, 1992).
111. Christoph T. Maier, Preaching the Crusades: Mendicant Friars and the Cross in the Thirteenth Century (Cambridge, 1995).
112. Karen Armstrong, Holy War (London, 1988), 340-42; Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Rise of Christian Europe (New York, 1965), 101, 128-30.
113. Karen Armstrong, Holy War (London, 1988), 340-42; Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Rise of Christian Europe (New York, 1965), 101, 128-30.
114. Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History (New Haven, 1987), 238-42.
115. Niccolò Machiavelli, Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio 2.2, in Tutte le opere, ed. Mario Martelli (Florence, 1971), 149-50; tr. Gilbert, in Chief Works, I: 331. When translations of Machiavelli's works quoted are given, Gilbert's translation will be used unless otherwise noted.
116. Niccolò Machiavelli, Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio 2.2, in Tutte le opere, ed. Mario Martelli (Florence, 1971), 149-50; tr. Gilbert, in Chief Works, I: 331. When translations of Machiavelli's works quoted are given, Gilbert's translation will be used unless otherwise noted.
117. Ibid, 1, pref., Opere, 76.
118. Ibid, 1, pref., Opere, 76.
119. Niccolò Machiavelli, Arte della guerra, 2, Opere, 332-33.
120. Niccolò Machiavelli, Arte della guerra, 2, Opere, 332-33.
121. Disc. 3.1, Opere, 196-97; Chief Works, I: 228-29.
122. Disc. 3.1, Opere, 196-97; Chief Works, I: 228-29.
123. Disc. 3.1, Opere, 196-97; Chief Works, I: 228-29.
124. Ibid. 1.12, 1.27; Istorie fiorentine 1.9, 1.11, 1.14, 1.23, 7.22, 8.11, 8.12-17, Opere, 95-96, 109-10, 640-41, 641-42, 643, 648-49, 807-8, 825-29.
125. Ibid. 1.12, 1.27; Istorie fiorentine 1.9, 1.11, 1.14, 1.23, 7.22, 8.11, 8.12-17, Opere, 95-96, 109-10, 640-41, 641-42, 643, 648-49, 807-8, 825-29.
126. Ibid. 1.12, 1.27; Istorie fiorentine 1.9, 1.11, 1.14, 1.23, 7.22, 8.11, 8.12-17, Opere, 95-96, 109-10, 640-41, 641-42, 643, 648-49, 807-8, 825-29.
127. Ist. fior. 1.19 , Opere, 646.
128. Ist. fior. 1.19 , Opere, 646.
129. Niccolò Machiavelli, Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 7 June 1508; Il principe 11, Opere, 67, 70, 261, 273-74. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 18 sees Machiavelli as accepting ecclesiastical principalities so sanctioned as a real, if annoying, fact of life; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 186-87 thinks Machiavelli is being sarcastic when he states, in Il principe, that ecclesiastical principalities have superhuman foundations. In citing Machiavelli's letters or other dated works, I have "normalized" dates, beginning the year on 1 January rather than the Florentine 25 March.
130. Niccolò Machiavelli, Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 7 June 1508; Il principe 11, Opere, 67, 70, 261, 273-74. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 18 sees Machiavelli as accepting ecclesiastical principalities so sanctioned as a real, if annoying, fact of life; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 186-87 thinks Machiavelli is being sarcastic when he states, in Il principe, that ecclesiastical principalities have superhuman foundations. In citing Machiavelli's letters or other dated works, I have "normalized" dates, beginning the year on 1 January rather than the Florentine 25 March.
131. Niccolò Machiavelli, Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 7 June 1508; Il principe 11, Opere, 67, 70, 261, 273-74. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 18 sees Machiavelli as accepting ecclesiastical principalities so sanctioned as a real, if annoying, fact of life; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 186-87 thinks Machiavelli is being sarcastic when he states, in Il principe, that ecclesiastical principalities have superhuman foundations. In citing Machiavelli's letters or other dated works, I have "normalized" dates, beginning the year on 1 January rather than the Florentine 25 March.
132. Niccolò Machiavelli, Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 7 June 1508; Il principe 11, Opere, 67, 70, 261, 273-74. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 18 sees Machiavelli as accepting ecclesiastical principalities so sanctioned as a real, if annoying, fact of life; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 186-87 thinks Machiavelli is being sarcastic when he states, in Il principe, that ecclesiastical principalities have superhuman foundations. In citing Machiavelli's letters or other dated works, I have "normalized" dates, beginning the year on 1 January rather than the Florentine 25 March.
133. Niccolò Machiavelli, Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 7 June 1508; Il principe 11, Opere, 67, 70, 261, 273-74. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 18 sees Machiavelli as accepting ecclesiastical principalities so sanctioned as a real, if annoying, fact of life; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 186-87 thinks Machiavelli is being sarcastic when he states, in Il principe, that ecclesiastical principalities have superhuman foundations. In citing Machiavelli's letters or other dated works, I have "normalized" dates, beginning the year on 1 January rather than the Florentine 25 March.
134. Disc. 1.11, 2.29-30; Il princ. 25; Vita di Castruccio Castracani; Ist. fior. 2.33; Decennale 2, line 6; Dell'ingratitudine line 77; Epistola 313, to Bartolomeo Cavalcanti, 6 October 1526, Opere, 77, 188-91, 295, 615, 681, 950, 981, 1245, 1457.
135. Disc. 1.11, 2.29-30; Il princ. 25; Vita di Castruccio Castracani; Ist. fior. 2.33; Decennale 2, line 6; Dell'ingratitudine line 77; Epistola 313, to Bartolomeo Cavalcanti, 6 October 1526, Opere, 77, 188-91, 295, 615, 681, 950, 981, 1245, 1457.
136. Disc. 1.11, 2.29-30; Il princ. 25; Vita di Castruccio Castracani; Ist. fior. 2.33; Decennale 2, line 6; Dell'ingratitudine line 77; Epistola 313, to Bartolomeo Cavalcanti, 6 October 1526, Opere, 77, 188-91, 295, 615, 681, 950, 981, 1245, 1457.
137. Disc. 1.11, 2.29-30; Il princ. 25; Vita di Castruccio Castracani; Ist. fior. 2.33; Decennale 2, line 6; Dell'ingratitudine line 77; Epistola 313, to Bartolomeo Cavalcanti, 6 October 1526, Opere, 77, 188-91, 295, 615, 681, 950, 981, 1245, 1457.
138. Disc. 1.11, 2.29-30; Il princ. 25; Vita di Castruccio Castracani; Ist. fior. 2.33; Decennale 2, line 6; Dell'ingratitudine line 77; Epistola 313, to Bartolomeo Cavalcanti, 6 October 1526, Opere, 77, 188-91, 295, 615, 681, 950, 981, 1245, 1457.
139. Disc. 1.11, 2.29-30; Il princ. 25; Vita di Castruccio Castracani; Ist. fior. 2.33; Decennale 2, line 6; Dell'ingratitudine line 77; Epistola 313, to Bartolomeo Cavalcanti, 6 October 1526, Opere, 77, 188-91, 295, 615, 681, 950, 981, 1245, 1457.
140. Disc. 1.11, 2.29-30; Il princ. 25; Vita di Castruccio Castracani; Ist. fior. 2.33; Decennale 2, line 6; Dell'ingratitudine line 77; Epistola 313, to Bartolomeo Cavalcanti, 6 October 1526, Opere, 77, 188-91, 295, 615, 681, 950, 981, 1245, 1457.
141. Niccolò Machiavelli, Discursus florentinarum rerum; see also Disc. 2, pref. and the flattering poems dedicated to Lorenzo de' Medici and Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici, Opere, 30, 146, 1004.
142. Niccolò Machiavelli, Discursus florentinarum rerum; see also Disc. 2, pref. and the flattering poems dedicated to Lorenzo de' Medici and Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici, Opere, 30, 146, 1004.
143. Disc. 1.56, 2.5; Il princ. 26; Ist. fior. 1.24, 6.34, 8.36, Opere, 139, 154, 297, 649, 764, 844.
144. Ist. fior. 1.5, Opere, 637.
145. Niccolò Machiavelli, Libro delle persecutione d'Africa per Henrico re de' Vandali, l'anno di Christo 500, et composto per San Victore vescovo d'Utica, Opere, 934-36.
146. Ist. fior. 1.4, Opere, 636.
147. Ibid. 1.6, Opere, 638.
148. Ibid. 1.6, Opere, 638.
149. Ibid. 1.9, Opere, 640.
150. Ibid. 1.9, Opere, 640.
151. Ibid. 1.13, Opere, 643.
152. Ibid. 1.13, Opere, 643.
153. Ibid. 1.17, Opere, 645.
154. Ibid. 1.17, Opere, 645.
155. Ibid. 1.19, Opere, 646.
156. Ibid. 1.19, Opere, 646.
157. Ibid. 1.25, Opere, 649.
158. Ibid. 1.25, Opere, 649.
159. Ibid. 6.7, Opere, 770.
160. Ibid. 6.7, Opere, 770.
161. Niccolò Machiavelli, Della ambizione, lines 16-23, 43-44, 46-47, 55-70, Opere, 983-84.
162. Niccolò Machiavelli, L'Asino 3.4, 3.7, 3.118, 8.7-8, Opere, 960, 962, 973.
163. Niccolò Machiavelli, Belfagor, Opere, 919-20.
164. Niccolò Machiavelli, De' diavoli assacchiati di cielo, Degli spiriti beati, Opere, 988, 989-90.
165. Ist. fior. 5.34, Opere, 764.
166. Niccolò Machiavelli, Prima legazione alla corte di Roma 63, 28 November 1503, Opere, 550.
167. Niccolò Machiavelli, Prima legazione alla corte di Roma 63, 28 November 1503, Opere, 550.
168. Niccolò Machiavelli, Minuta di provvisione per la riforma dello stato di Firenze, 1522, Opere, 20.
169. Niccolò Machiavelli, Minuta di provvisione per la riforma dello stato di Firenze, 1522, Opere, 20.
170. Prima legazione alla corte di Roma, 69, 1 December 1503, Opere, 557.
171. Prima legazione alla corte di Roma, 69, 1 December 1503, Opere, 557.
172. Ibid.
173. Ep. 2, to Cardinal Giovanni López, 2 December 1497; Ep. 100, to Antonio Tebalducci, 23 September 1505; Ep. 196, to Francesco Vettori, 13 March 1513; Ep. 198, to the same, 18 March 1513; Ep. 200, to the same, 9 April 1513; Ep. 204, to the same, 29 April 1513; Ep. 206, to Giovanni di Francesco Vemacci, 26 June 1513; Ep. 209, to the same, 4 August 1514; Ep. 226, to the same, 20 April 1514; Ep. 242, to the same, 15 February 1516; Ep. 244, to the same, 8 June 1517; Ep. 246, to Lodovico Alamanni, 17 December 1517; Ep. 247, to Giovanni Vernacci, 5 January 1518; Ep. 250, to the same, 15 April 1520; Ep. 257, to the same, 15 February 1521; Ep. 267, to Francesco Vettori, 26 December 1521; Ep. 273, to Francesco del Nero, 31 August, 1523; Ep. 287, to Francesco Guicciardini, 17 August 1525; Ep. 291, to the same, after 21 October 1525; Ep. 294, to the same, 3 January 1526; Ep. 299, to the same, 17 May 1526; Ep. 313, to Bartolomeo Cavalcanti, ca. 6 October 1526; Ep. 318, to Guido Machiavelli, 2 March 1527; Ep. 323, to Francesco Vettori, 18 April 1527, Opere, 1009, 1071, 1128, 1129, 1132, 1139, 1141, 1145, 1174, 1193, 1195, 1197, 1201, 1208, 1219, 1223, 1226, 1232, 1245, 1249, 1252.
174. Niccolò Machiavelli, Esortazione alla penitenza, Opere, 932-34.
175. Disc. 3.20-21, 3.34; Il princ. 15, 17; Arte della guerra 4, 6; Ep. 116, to Giovan Battista Soderini, 13-21 September 1506; Ep. 169, to Piero Soderini, January 1513, Opere, 226-28, 242, 280, 283, 348-49, 376, 1082, 1083, 1111.
176. E.g. Disc. 1.11-12, 1.25, 3.2, 3.33; Arte della guerra 6, Opere, 93-96, 108-9, 147, 240, 373-74.
177. Disc. 1.10, Opere, 91; Chief Works, 1: 220.
178. Disc. 1.10, Opere, 91; Chief Works, 1: 220.
179. Disc. 1.1, 1.9, 2.8, 3.30; Il princ. 6, 26, Opere, 77, 91, 157, 264, 297. See Alison Brown, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Moses: A Changing Model," in Florence and Italy: Renaissance Studies in Honour of Nicolai Rubinstein, ed. Peter Denley and Caroline Elam (London, 1988), 64-65; Vivien Gaston, "The Prophet Armed: Machiavelli, Savonarola, and Rosso Fiorentino's Moses Defending the Daughters of Jethro," Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 51 (1988), 221-24; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 48; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
180. Disc. 1.1, 1.9, 2.8, 3.30; Il princ. 6, 26, Opere, 77, 91, 157, 264, 297. See Alison Brown, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Moses: A Changing Model," in Florence and Italy: Renaissance Studies in Honour of Nicolai Rubinstein, ed. Peter Denley and Caroline Elam (London, 1988), 64-65; Vivien Gaston, "The Prophet Armed: Machiavelli, Savonarola, and Rosso Fiorentino's Moses Defending the Daughters of Jethro," Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 51 (1988), 221-24; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 48; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
181. Disc. 1.1, 1.9, 2.8, 3.30; Il princ. 6, 26, Opere, 77, 91, 157, 264, 297. See Alison Brown, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Moses: A Changing Model," in Florence and Italy: Renaissance Studies in Honour of Nicolai Rubinstein, ed. Peter Denley and Caroline Elam (London, 1988), 64-65; Vivien Gaston, "The Prophet Armed: Machiavelli, Savonarola, and Rosso Fiorentino's Moses Defending the Daughters of Jethro," Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 51 (1988), 221-24; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 48; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
182. Disc. 1.1, 1.9, 2.8, 3.30; Il princ. 6, 26, Opere, 77, 91, 157, 264, 297. See Alison Brown, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Moses: A Changing Model," in Florence and Italy: Renaissance Studies in Honour of Nicolai Rubinstein, ed. Peter Denley and Caroline Elam (London, 1988), 64-65; Vivien Gaston, "The Prophet Armed: Machiavelli, Savonarola, and Rosso Fiorentino's Moses Defending the Daughters of Jethro," Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 51 (1988), 221-24; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 48; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
183. Disc. 2.8, Opere, 157.
184. Disc. 1.19, 1.26; Il princ. 13, Opere, 104, 109, 278.
185. Disc. 3, pref; Ist. fior. 1.17, 1.21, 6.33, 7.9, 8.20, Opere, 146, 645, 648, 788-89, 799, 831-32.
186. Arte della guerra 1, 4, 6, Opere, 310, 354, 370; also noted by Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 48-49.
187. Arte della guerra 1, 4, 6, Opere, 310, 354, 370; also noted by Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 48-49.
188. Arte della guerra 1, 4, 6, Opere, 310, 354, 370; also noted by Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 48-49.
189. Ibid., 7, Opere, 388; Chief Works, II: 723.
190. Ibid., 7, Opere, 388; Chief Works, II: 723.
191. Ibid., 7, Opere, 388; Chief Works, II: 723.
192. Disc. 1.12, Opere, 95-96.
193. Arte della guerra pref., Opere, 301.
194. Ist. fior. 3.5, Opere, 693; Chief Works, III: 1145-46.
195. Ibid., 2.14, Opere, 681.
196. Ibid., 2.14, Opere, 681.
197. Ibid. 7.12, Opere, 800-801.
198. Ibid. 7.12, Opere, 800-801.
199. Niccolò Machiavelli, Epigrammi 2: "principi cristian pertutto," Opere, 1005: Chief Works, III: 1463.
200. Niccolò Machiavelli, Epigrammi 2: "principi cristian pertutto," Opere, 1005: Chief Works, III: 1463.
201. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
202. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
203. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
204. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
205. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
206. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
207. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
208. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
209. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
210. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
211. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
212. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
213. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
214. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
215. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
216. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
217. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
218. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
219. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
220. Rapporto delle cose della Magna, 17 June 1508; Disc. 1.12, 1.55, 2.4, 2.8, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19; Il princ. 10, 12, 13; Arte della guerra 1, 2; Ep. 211, to Francesco Vettori, 10 August 1513, Opere, 65-67, 69, 70, 96, 137, 152, 153, 158, 162, 167-68, 174-75, 273 ("liberissimi"), 275 ("armatissimi e liberissimi"), 308, 318, 319, 322, 1147-48. On this theme the leading study is Ernst Waldner, "Machiavelli und die virtù der Schweitzer," Schweitzer Beiträge zur allgemeinen Geschichte, 2 (1944), 69-128. See also Alderisio, Machiavelli, 57-59, 60-61, 134, 149; Anglo, Machiavelli, 109-10, 141-42, 144, 147-48, 202, 204; Thomas A. Brady, Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450-1550 (Cambridge, 1985), 17-22; Butterfield, Statecraft, 87-88; Delio Cantimori, "Machiavelli e la religione," Belfagor, 21 (1966), 634; idem, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 14-16; Elena Fasano Guarini, "Machiavelli and the Crisis of the Italian Republics," in Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner, and Maurizio Viroli (Cambridge, 1990), 23-29; Hale, Machiavelli, 107-8; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 69-79, 232-59; John M. Najemy, Between Friends: Discourses of Power and Desire in the Machiavelli-Vettori Letters of 1513-1515 (Princeton, 1993), 160-61; Plamenatz, "In Search of Machiavellian Virtù," 169-70; idem, Man and Society, I: 29; Price, "Senses of Virtù" 342-43; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 267-73; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 69, 181-82; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 725, 732; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, II: 328-29; Bernard Wicht, "Les Suisses comme révélateur du projet machiavélien de milice," in Niccolò Machiavelli: Politico storico letterario, ed. Jean-Jacques Marchand (Rome, 1996), 235-45.
221. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
222. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
223. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
224. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
225. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
226. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
227. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
228. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
229. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
230. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
231. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
232. Il princ. 21, Opere, 291. See German Arciniegas, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Guido Antonio Vespucci: Totalitarian and Democrat Five Hundred Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly, 69 (1954), 199; Luis Diez de Corral, "Fernando el católico y la compositión de 'El principe,' " Politeia, 5 (1976), 241-52; McCanles, Discourse of Il principe, 93-95; Najemy, Between Friends, 131-35,138; Namer, Machiavel, 116-27; Russell Price, "The Theme of Gloria," 597, 615; Adriano Prosperi, "La religione, il popolo, le élites: Incontri italo-spagnoli della Controriforma," Annuario dell'Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 29-30 (1977-78), 499-529; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 89, 111; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 46; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 186-92.
233. This point is documented by Marina Marietti, "La figure de Ferdinand le Catholique dans l'oeuvre de Machiavel: Naissance et déclin d'un mythe politique," in Présence et influence de l'Espagne dans la culture italienne de la Renaissance, ed. André Rochon (Paris, 1978), 9-54; Ramón Menéndez Pidal, "The Catholic Kings according to Machiavelli and Castiglione," tr. Francis M. López-Morillas, in Spain in the Fifteenth Century, ed. Roger Highfield (New York, 1972), 405-17.
234. This point is documented by Marina Marietti, "La figure de Ferdinand le Catholique dans l'oeuvre de Machiavel: Naissance et déclin d'un mythe politique," in Présence et influence de l'Espagne dans la culture italienne de la Renaissance, ed. André Rochon (Paris, 1978), 9-54; Ramón Menéndez Pidal, "The Catholic Kings according to Machiavelli and Castiglione," tr. Francis M. López-Morillas, in Spain in the Fifteenth Century, ed. Roger Highfield (New York, 1972), 405-17.
235. Disc. 1.29, 2.12, 3.40; Il princ. 18, 21; Ep. 204, to Francesco Vettori, 29 April 1513; Ep. 205, to the same, 20 June 1513; Ep. 214, to the same, 26 August 1513, Opere, 111, 162, 249, 283, 291, 1138, 1140, 1155.
236. That claim is incorrectly made by Sullivan, Machiavelli's Three Romes, 42-45, who also fails to distinguish between Machiavelli's opinions about Ferdinand's actions in Italy as opposed to those in Spain.
237. Arte della guerra 4, Opere, 354; Chief Works, II: 661-62. This passage has also been noted by Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 48-49.
238. Arte della guerra 4, Opere, 354; Chief Works, II: 661-62. This passage has also been noted by Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 48-49.
239. Arte della guerra 4, Opere, 354; Chief Works, II: 661-62. This passage has also been noted by Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 48-49.
240. Arte della guerra 4, Opere, 354; Chief Works, II: 661-62. This passage has also been noted by Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 48-49.
241. Disc. 1.54, Opere, 136.
242. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
243. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
244. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
245. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
246. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
247. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
248. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
249. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
250. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
251. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
252. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
253. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
254. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
255. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
256. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
257. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
258. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
259. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
260. The most important contribution is that of Lorenzo Polizzotto, "Prophesy, Politics and History in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence: The Admonitory Letter of Francesco D'Antonio de' Ricci," in Denley and Elam (ed.), Florence and Italy, 107-17 and especially idem, The Elect Nation: The Savonarolean Movement in Florence, 1494-1545 (Oxford, 1994). See also Rudolf von Albertini, Firenze dalla repubblica al principato: Storia e coscienza politica, tr. Cesare Cristofolini (Turin, 1970), 71, 84-85, 103, 107; Sergio Bertelli, "Machiavelli and Soderini," Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (1975), 10; Gene Brucker, "Savonarola and Florence: The Intolerable Burden," in Studies in the Italian Renaissance in Memory of Arnolfo B. Ferruolo, ed. Gian Paolo Biasin et al. (Naples, 1985), 119-30; H. C. Butters, Governors and Governed in Early Sixteenth-Century Florence, 1502-1519 (Oxford, 1985), 63-66, 69, 106-7, 147, 167-68, 179-81, 186, 194, 204, 263; Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (Chicago, 1973), 3, 4, 5, 7-8, 61, 134-35, 136-37; Carlo Dionisotti, "Machiavelli, Man of Letters," in Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature, ed. Albert Russell Ascoli and Victoria Kahn (Ithaca, 1993), 21; Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 299; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 111-15; Guillemain, Machiavel, 29-30; Guido Pampaloni, "Il movimento piagnone secondo la lista del 1497," in Essays on Machiavelli, ed. Myron Gilmore (Florence, 1972), 337-47; Roberto Ridolfi, The Life of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Cecil Grayson (London, 1959), 288-304; idem, Vita, 397, 602; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 76-77, 78, 613, 615; Giuseppe Schnitzer, Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Ernesto Rutili (Milan, 1931), II: 22-23, 24, 26, 70, 155-57, 427-56, 463-94; Pasquale Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, tr. Linda Villari (New York, 1969 [repr. of 1888 ed.]), II: 71-86; Donald Weinstein, "Explaining God's Acts to His People: Savonarola's Spiritual Legacy to the Sixteenth Century," in Humanity and Divinity in Renaissance and Reformation: Essays in Honor of Charles Trinkaus, ed. John W. O'Malley, Thomas Izbicki, and Gerald Christianson (Leiden, 1993), 205-25; idem, Savonarola and Florence: Prophesy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1970), 321-73.
261. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
262. Girolamo Savonarola, Trattato del governo, in Del reggimento degli stati (Pisa, 1818), 5-8, 9, 10-19, 21-45, 49-50, 52-65. The most important analyses of Savonarola's message are Donald Weinstein, "The Myth of Florence," in Florentine Studies: Politics and Society in Renaissance Florence, ed. Nicolai Rubinstein (Evanston, 1968), 15-44 and idem, Savonarola and Florence, 27-66,
263. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
264. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
265. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
266. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
267. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
268. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
269. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
270. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
271. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
272. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
273. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
274. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
275. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
276. 2), 55-58, 60-65, 68-74, 78-104, 116-22, 144-52, 156-200; Guillemain, Machiavel, 35-40; J. A. G. Pocock, "Custom and Grace, Form and Matter: An Approach to Machiavelli's Concept of Innovation," in Fleischer (ed.), Machiavelli, 162-64, 171-72; idem, The Machiavellian Moment, 99, 105-13; Ridolfi, Life of Girolamo Savonarola, 20, 22-24, 26-27, 32-35, 38-41, 44, 48-49, 51, 77-83, 92-93, 107, 134, 154-55, 160-61, 168, 184, 217-19, 278-79, 282; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 57-87, 104-5; Schnitzer, Savonarola, I: 97, 105, 106-16, 123-33, 165-94, 217-59, 265-318, 380-82, 437-59; II: 31-33, 199-200, 319-33; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 93-108, 111-45, 173-89, 263-66, 306-24; II: 16-20, 26-29, 45-46, 50-70, 124-28, 135-204, 224-71, 285-97.
277. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
278. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
279. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
280. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
281. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
282. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
283. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
284. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
285. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
286. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
287. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
288. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
289. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
290. 3), 14, 108-27, 271-83; Philip D. Krey, "Nicholas of Lyra: Apocalyptic Commentator, Historian, and Critic," Franciscan Studies, 52 (1992), 53-89; Raoul Manselli, "Età dello Spirito e profetismo tra quattrocento e cinquecento," in Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti (S. Giovanni in Fiore, 1986), 244-50; Bernard McGinn, "Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist," Church History, 47 (1978), 155-73, and " 'Pastor angelicus': Apocalyptic Myth and Political Hope in the Fourteenth Century," in Apocalypticism in the Western Tradition (Aldershot, 1994), 221-51; Nelson H. Minnich, "Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council," in The Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) (London, 1993), 163-254; Ottavia Niccoli, Prophesy and People in Renaissance Italy, tr. Lydia G. Cochrane (Princeton, 1990); Marjorie Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (London, 1976), ch. 2, 4-5, and (ed.), Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period (Oxford, 1992); The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, ed. Werner Verbeke et al. (Leuven, 1988); Cesare Vasoli, "Profezie e profeti nella vita religiosa e politica fiorentina," in Magia, astrologia e religione nel Rinascimento (Wroclaw, 1974), 16-29.
291. Christopher Columbus, The Libro de las profecías, ed. and tr. Delno C. West and August King (Gainesville, Fla., 1991), 101-259. West's intro., 5-65, and bibliography, 263-69, provide the best guide to Columbus's millenarianism and to the literature of the subject. See also Valerie I. J. Flint, The Imaginative World of Christopher Columbus (Princeton, 1992), xii-xiii, 150-81, 192-214; Manselli, "Età dello Spirito," 245-46; Adriano Prosperi, "New Heaven and New Earth: Prophesy and Propaganda at the Time of the Discovery and Conquest of the Americas," in Reeves (ed.), Prophetic Rome, 279-303; Pauline Moffat Watts, "Prophesy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus's 'Enterprise of the Indes,' " American Historical Review, 90 (1985), 73-102.
292. Christopher Columbus, The Libro de las profecías, ed. and tr. Delno C. West and August King (Gainesville, Fla., 1991), 101-259. West's intro., 5-65, and bibliography, 263-69, provide the best guide to Columbus's millenarianism and to the literature of the subject. See also Valerie I. J. Flint, The Imaginative World of Christopher Columbus (Princeton, 1992), xii-xiii, 150-81, 192-214; Manselli, "Età dello Spirito," 245-46; Adriano Prosperi, "New Heaven and New Earth: Prophesy and Propaganda at the Time of the Discovery and Conquest of the Americas," in Reeves (ed.), Prophetic Rome, 279-303; Pauline Moffat Watts, "Prophesy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus's 'Enterprise of the Indes,' " American Historical Review, 90 (1985), 73-102.
293. Christopher Columbus, The Libro de las profecías, ed. and tr. Delno C. West and August King (Gainesville, Fla., 1991), 101-259. West's intro., 5-65, and bibliography, 263-69, provide the best guide to Columbus's millenarianism and to the literature of the subject. See also Valerie I. J. Flint, The Imaginative World of Christopher Columbus (Princeton, 1992), xii-xiii, 150-81, 192-214; Manselli, "Età dello Spirito," 245-46; Adriano Prosperi, "New Heaven and New Earth: Prophesy and Propaganda at the Time of the Discovery and Conquest of the Americas," in Reeves (ed.), Prophetic Rome, 279-303; Pauline Moffat Watts, "Prophesy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus's 'Enterprise of the Indes,' " American Historical Review, 90 (1985), 73-102.
294. Christopher Columbus, The Libro de las profecías, ed. and tr. Delno C. West and August King (Gainesville, Fla., 1991), 101-259. West's intro., 5-65, and bibliography, 263-69, provide the best guide to Columbus's millenarianism and to the literature of the subject. See also Valerie I. J. Flint, The Imaginative World of Christopher Columbus (Princeton, 1992), xii-xiii, 150-81, 192-214; Manselli, "Età dello Spirito," 245-46; Adriano Prosperi, "New Heaven and New Earth: Prophesy and Propaganda at the Time of the Discovery and Conquest of the Americas," in Reeves (ed.), Prophetic Rome, 279-303; Pauline Moffat Watts, "Prophesy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus's 'Enterprise of the Indes,' " American Historical Review, 90 (1985), 73-102.
295. Christopher Columbus, The Libro de las profecías, ed. and tr. Delno C. West and August King (Gainesville, Fla., 1991), 101-259. West's intro., 5-65, and bibliography, 263-69, provide the best guide to Columbus's millenarianism and to the literature of the subject. See also Valerie I. J. Flint, The Imaginative World of Christopher Columbus (Princeton, 1992), xii-xiii, 150-81, 192-214; Manselli, "Età dello Spirito," 245-46; Adriano Prosperi, "New Heaven and New Earth: Prophesy and Propaganda at the Time of the Discovery and Conquest of the Americas," in Reeves (ed.), Prophetic Rome, 279-303; Pauline Moffat Watts, "Prophesy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus's 'Enterprise of the Indes,' " American Historical Review, 90 (1985), 73-102.
296. 3), 127, 133, 162, 167, 264, 267, 342-44, 390-91, 401-2, 409-10, 447-48, 562, 622-23, 705 n. 60, 805, 881-82, 858-59, 1112, 1303-5.
297. 3), 127, 133, 162, 167, 264, 267, 342-44, 390-91, 401-2, 409-10, 447-48, 562, 622-23, 705 n. 60, 805, 881-82, 858-59, 1112, 1303-5.
298. 3), 127, 133, 162, 167, 264, 267, 342-44, 390-91, 401-2, 409-10, 447-48, 562, 622-23, 705 n. 60, 805, 881-82, 858-59, 1112, 1303-5.
299. 3), 127, 133, 162, 167, 264, 267, 342-44, 390-91, 401-2, 409-10, 447-48, 562, 622-23, 705 n. 60, 805, 881-82, 858-59, 1112, 1303-5.
300. 3), 127, 133, 162, 167, 264, 267, 342-44, 390-91, 401-2, 409-10, 447-48, 562, 622-23, 705 n. 60, 805, 881-82, 858-59, 1112, 1303-5.
301. 3), 127, 133, 162, 167, 264, 267, 342-44, 390-91, 401-2, 409-10, 447-48, 562, 622-23, 705 n. 60, 805, 881-82, 858-59, 1112, 1303-5.
302. Girolamo Savonarola, Predighe sopra l'Esodo, ed. Giorgio Ricci (2 vols; Rome, 1955-56). This text consists of twenty-three sermons preached between 11 February and 18 March 1498. The express linking of Pope Alexander VI with Antichrist is found at II: 13, sermon of 8 March 1498.
303. Ep. 3, to Riccardo Becchi, 9 March 1498, Opere, 1010-12; the quotation is at 1012; Chief Works, 11:889.
304. Ep. 3, to Riccardo Becchi, 9 March 1498, Opere, 1010-12; the quotation is at 1012; Chief Works, 11:889.
305. Maurice Cranston, "Savonarola and Machiavelli: A Dialogue on the State," in Political Dialogues (New York, 1968), 3-21; Plamenatz, Man and Society, I: 11, 34; Donald Weinstein, "Machiavelli and Savonarola," Gilmore (ed.), Studies on Machiavelli, 253-69.
306. Maurice Cranston, "Savonarola and Machiavelli: A Dialogue on the State," in Political Dialogues (New York, 1968), 3-21; Plamenatz, Man and Society, I: 11, 34; Donald Weinstein, "Machiavelli and Savonarola," Gilmore (ed.), Studies on Machiavelli, 253-69.
307. Maurice Cranston, "Savonarola and Machiavelli: A Dialogue on the State," in Political Dialogues (New York, 1968), 3-21; Plamenatz, Man and Society, I: 11, 34; Donald Weinstein, "Machiavelli and Savonarola," Gilmore (ed.), Studies on Machiavelli, 253-69.
308. Brown, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Moses," 57-72; Feld, "Machiavelli's Militia," 88-90; Massa, "Egidio da Viterbo," 108; Larry Peterman, "Gravity and Piety: Machiavelli's Modern Turn," Review of Politics, 52 (1990), 192-93; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 300; J. H. Whitfield, "Savonarola and the Purpose of the Prince," in Discourses on Machiavelli (Cambridge, 1969), 87-110.
309. Brown, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Moses," 57-72; Feld, "Machiavelli's Militia," 88-90; Massa, "Egidio da Viterbo," 108; Larry Peterman, "Gravity and Piety: Machiavelli's Modern Turn," Review of Politics, 52 (1990), 192-93; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 300; J. H. Whitfield, "Savonarola and the Purpose of the Prince," in Discourses on Machiavelli (Cambridge, 1969), 87-110.
310. Brown, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Moses," 57-72; Feld, "Machiavelli's Militia," 88-90; Massa, "Egidio da Viterbo," 108; Larry Peterman, "Gravity and Piety: Machiavelli's Modern Turn," Review of Politics, 52 (1990), 192-93; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 300; J. H. Whitfield, "Savonarola and the Purpose of the Prince," in Discourses on Machiavelli (Cambridge, 1969), 87-110.
311. Brown, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Moses," 57-72; Feld, "Machiavelli's Militia," 88-90; Massa, "Egidio da Viterbo," 108; Larry Peterman, "Gravity and Piety: Machiavelli's Modern Turn," Review of Politics, 52 (1990), 192-93; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 300; J. H. Whitfield, "Savonarola and the Purpose of the Prince," in Discourses on Machiavelli (Cambridge, 1969), 87-110.
312. Brown, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Moses," 57-72; Feld, "Machiavelli's Militia," 88-90; Massa, "Egidio da Viterbo," 108; Larry Peterman, "Gravity and Piety: Machiavelli's Modern Turn," Review of Politics, 52 (1990), 192-93; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 300; J. H. Whitfield, "Savonarola and the Purpose of the Prince," in Discourses on Machiavelli (Cambridge, 1969), 87-110.
313. Brown, "Savonarola, Machiavelli, and Moses," 57-72; Feld, "Machiavelli's Militia," 88-90; Massa, "Egidio da Viterbo," 108; Larry Peterman, "Gravity and Piety: Machiavelli's Modern Turn," Review of Politics, 52 (1990), 192-93; Villari, Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola, I: 300; J. H. Whitfield, "Savonarola and the Purpose of the Prince," in Discourses on Machiavelli (Cambridge, 1969), 87-110.
314. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies," 354, 365; Felix Gilbert, "Machiavelli's 'Istorie florentine': An Essay in Interpretation," in Gilmore (ed.), Essays on Machiavelli, 98; Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli, 269-70, 281, 291, 300; John M. Najemy, "Machiavelli and the Medici: The Lessons of Florentine History," Renaissance Quarterly, 35 (1982), 553; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 9.
315. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies," 354, 365; Felix Gilbert, "Machiavelli's 'Istorie florentine': An Essay in Interpretation," in Gilmore (ed.), Essays on Machiavelli, 98; Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli, 269-70, 281, 291, 300; John M. Najemy, "Machiavelli and the Medici: The Lessons of Florentine History," Renaissance Quarterly, 35 (1982), 553; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 9.
316. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies," 354, 365; Felix Gilbert, "Machiavelli's 'Istorie florentine': An Essay in Interpretation," in Gilmore (ed.), Essays on Machiavelli, 98; Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli, 269-70, 281, 291, 300; John M. Najemy, "Machiavelli and the Medici: The Lessons of Florentine History," Renaissance Quarterly, 35 (1982), 553; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 9.
317. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies," 354, 365; Felix Gilbert, "Machiavelli's 'Istorie florentine': An Essay in Interpretation," in Gilmore (ed.), Essays on Machiavelli, 98; Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli, 269-70, 281, 291, 300; John M. Najemy, "Machiavelli and the Medici: The Lessons of Florentine History," Renaissance Quarterly, 35 (1982), 553; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 9.
318. Geerken, "Machiavelli Studies," 354, 365; Felix Gilbert, "Machiavelli's 'Istorie florentine': An Essay in Interpretation," in Gilmore (ed.), Essays on Machiavelli, 98; Godman, From Poliziano to Machiavelli, 269-70, 281, 291, 300; John M. Najemy, "Machiavelli and the Medici: The Lessons of Florentine History," Renaissance Quarterly, 35 (1982), 553; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 9.
319. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
320. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
321. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
322. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
323. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
324. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
325. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
326. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
327. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
328. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
329. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
330. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
331. o centenario della nascita (Bologna, 1973), 124-26; Gaston, "The Prophet Armed," 222-24; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16; Hale, Machiavelli, 31-32, 133; Francesco Saverio Mirri, Saggi di varia letteratura (Florence, 1974), 30; Namer, Machiavel, 39-40; Pierone, Niccolò Machiavelli, 126; Renaudet, Machiavel, 42-45, 178-80; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 13-15, 16, 18-29, 32. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," agrees, 12, 21-22, 34, adding, 55, that the frateschi in turn disliked and distrusted Machiavelli.
332. Ep. 217, to Francesco Vettori, 19 December 1513, Opere, 1160; Chief Works, II: 933.
333. Ep. 217, to Francesco Vettori, 19 December 1513, Opere, 1160; Chief Works, II: 933.
334. Ep. 264, to Francesco Guicciardini, 18 May 1521, Opere, 1205-6.
335. Ep. 261, to Francesco Guicciardini, 15 May 1521, Opere, 1203-4; the passage quoted is at 1204; Chief Works, II: 972. Ponzo was a contemporary Franciscan who preached against Savonarola.
336. Ep. 261, to Francesco Guicciardini, 15 May 1521, Opere, 1203-4; the passage quoted is at 1204; Chief Works, II: 972. Ponzo was a contemporary Franciscan who preached against Savonarola.
337. Sergio Bertelli, "Noterelle Machiavelliane II: Ancora su Lucrezio e Machiavelli," Rivista storica italiana, 76 (1964), 774-92.
338. Robert Black, "Machiavelli, Servant of the Florentine Republic," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 84-85; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40.
339. Robert Black, "Machiavelli, Servant of the Florentine Republic," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 84-85; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40.
340. Ep. 221, to Francesco Vettori, 4 February 1514; Ep. 223, to the same, 25 February 1514, Opere, 1167-68, 1170-71 ; noted by Najemy, Between Friends, 111.
341. Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's Virtue (Chicago, 1996), 146-48; idem, "Party and Sect," 223-26.
342. Harvey C. Mansfield, Machiavelli's Virtue (Chicago, 1996), 146-48; idem, "Party and Sect," 223-26.
343. Decennale 1, line 154, Opere, 943; Chief Works, III: 1448. See also Disc. 1.49, Opere, 131; Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 12 also notes that Machiavelli criticizes Savonarola as a promoter of factionalism.
344. Decennale 1, line 154, Opere, 943; Chief Works, III: 1448. See also Disc. 1.49, Opere, 131; Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 12 also notes that Machiavelli criticizes Savonarola as a promoter of factionalism.
345. Decennale 1, line 154, Opere, 943; Chief Works, III: 1448. See also Disc. 1.49, Opere, 131; Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 12 also notes that Machiavelli criticizes Savonarola as a promoter of factionalism.
346. Decennale 1, line 154, Opere, 943; Chief Works, III: 1448. See also Disc. 1.49, Opere, 131; Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 12 also notes that Machiavelli criticizes Savonarola as a promoter of factionalism.
347. Decennale 1, line 154, Opere, 943; Chief Works, III: 1448. See also Disc. 1.49, Opere, 131; Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 12 also notes that Machiavelli criticizes Savonarola as a promoter of factionalism.
348. Disc. 1.11, Decennale 1, lines 460-61, Opere, 94-95, 948; the latter passage yokes Savonarola with the hated popes Alexander VI and Julius II.
349. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
350. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
351. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
352. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
353. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
354. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
355. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
356. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
357. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
358. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
359. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
360. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
361. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
362. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
363. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
364. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
365. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
366. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
367. Good accounts that stress this concatenation of reasons for Machiavelli's opposition to Savonarola include Anglo, Machiavelli, 14, 199-202, William J. Connell, "The Republican Tradition In and Out of Florence," in Girolamo Savonarola: Piety, Prophesy, and Politics in Renaissance Florence, ed. Donald Weinstein and Valerie R. Hotchkiss (Dallas, 1994), 95; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 17-18; Guillemain, Machiavel, 16-27; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 159; Najemy, Between Friends, 72; Nicolai Rubinstein, "Machiavelli and Florentine Republican Experience," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 3-16; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 32-40, 113-15, 122-23, 138, 156, 201, 392, 430-31; Giovanni Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," in Bock, Skinner, and Viroli (ed.), Machiavelli and Republicanism, 41-70; J. N. Stephens, The Fall of the Florentine Republic, 1512-1530 (Oxford, 1983), 35-43, 78-79. Scholars placing the emphasis on Machiavelli's view of Savonarola as a manipulative hypocrite include Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Giampiero Nisticò, Machiavelli: La ricerca dell'uomo (Reggio Calabria, 1975), 21-23; Rebhom, Foxes and Lions, 1-3, 89, 111; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Schnitzer, Savonarola, II: 157; Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 109-10, 112-13, 205-11; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746.
368. Disc. 3.31; Il princ. 3, 7, 11, 12, 20; Arte della guerra 1,7; Ist. fior. 1.28, 1.29, 1.39, 2.1, 2.33, 4.15, 5.4, 6.21, 6.22, 6.25-26; Ep. 214, to Francesco Vettori, 26 August, 1513, Opere, 238-39, 261, 266, 274, 276, 311, 389, 652-53, 657-58, 659, 680, 723-24, 741, 779-80, 782-83, 1155-57.
369. 2), 16-22, 24-34, 38-58. Arte della guerra, 7, L'Asino, 5.94-127, Opere, 388, 967. The first citation points a contrast with the example of Joan of Arc mentioned in Book 4 of the Arte della guerra. Commentators noting this point include Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, I: 233; II: 228, 541-42, 549.
370. 2), 16-22, 24-34, 38-58. Arte della guerra, 7, L'Asino, 5.94-127, Opere, 388, 967. The first citation points a contrast with the example of Joan of Arc mentioned in Book 4 of the Arte della guerra. Commentators noting this point include Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, I: 233; II: 228, 541-42, 549.
371. 2), 16-22, 24-34, 38-58. Arte della guerra, 7, L'Asino, 5.94-127, Opere, 388, 967. The first citation points a contrast with the example of Joan of Arc mentioned in Book 4 of the Arte della guerra. Commentators noting this point include Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, I: 233; II: 228, 541-42, 549.
372. 2), 16-22, 24-34, 38-58. Arte della guerra, 7, L'Asino, 5.94-127, Opere, 388, 967. The first citation points a contrast with the example of Joan of Arc mentioned in Book 4 of the Arte della guerra. Commentators noting this point include Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, I: 233; II: 228, 541-42, 549.
373. 2), 16-22, 24-34, 38-58. Arte della guerra, 7, L'Asino, 5.94-127, Opere, 388, 967. The first citation points a contrast with the example of Joan of Arc mentioned in Book 4 of the Arte della guerra. Commentators noting this point include Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, I: 233; II: 228, 541-42, 549.
374. 2), 16-22, 24-34, 38-58. Arte della guerra, 7, L'Asino, 5.94-127, Opere, 388, 967. The first citation points a contrast with the example of Joan of Arc mentioned in Book 4 of the Arte della guerra. Commentators noting this point include Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, I: 233; II: 228, 541-42, 549.
375. 2), 16-22, 24-34, 38-58. Arte della guerra, 7, L'Asino, 5.94-127, Opere, 388, 967. The first citation points a contrast with the example of Joan of Arc mentioned in Book 4 of the Arte della guerra. Commentators noting this point include Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, I: 233; II: 228, 541-42, 549.
376. 2), 16-22, 24-34, 38-58. Arte della guerra, 7, L'Asino, 5.94-127, Opere, 388, 967. The first citation points a contrast with the example of Joan of Arc mentioned in Book 4 of the Arte della guerra. Commentators noting this point include Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, I: 233; II: 228, 541-42, 549.
377. 2), 16-22, 24-34, 38-58. Arte della guerra, 7, L'Asino, 5.94-127, Opere, 388, 967. The first citation points a contrast with the example of Joan of Arc mentioned in Book 4 of the Arte della guerra. Commentators noting this point include Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, I: 233; II: 228, 541-42, 549.
378. 2), 16-22, 24-34, 38-58. Arte della guerra, 7, L'Asino, 5.94-127, Opere, 388, 967. The first citation points a contrast with the example of Joan of Arc mentioned in Book 4 of the Arte della guerra. Commentators noting this point include Namer, Machiavel, 38-40; Villari, Life and Times of Niccolò Machiavelli, I: 233; II: 228, 541-42, 549.
379. Niccolò Machiavelli, I romiti, Opere, 991; Chief Works, 2: 881. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 34, also reads this passage as a critique of Savonarola. See Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 157; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 336-38, 526-29. On Machiavelli's appeal to millenarian language in the last chapter of Il principe, this tactic has been seen, correctly, as an ironic and antiSavonarolan rhetorical ploy by Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 400-402; Patricia Zupan, "Machiavelli and Savonarola Revisited: The Closing Chapter of Il principe," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 43-64; Zupan adroitly characterizes Machiavelli here as a "Savonarolean ventriloquist," 53, coopting the friar's language for his own ends.
380. Niccolò Machiavelli, I romiti, Opere, 991; Chief Works, 2: 881. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 34, also reads this passage as a critique of Savonarola. See Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 157; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 336-38, 526-29. On Machiavelli's appeal to millenarian language in the last chapter of Il principe, this tactic has been seen, correctly, as an ironic and antiSavonarolan rhetorical ploy by Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 400-402; Patricia Zupan, "Machiavelli and Savonarola Revisited: The Closing Chapter of Il principe," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 43-64; Zupan adroitly characterizes Machiavelli here as a "Savonarolean ventriloquist," 53, coopting the friar's language for his own ends.
381. Niccolò Machiavelli, I romiti, Opere, 991; Chief Works, 2: 881. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 34, also reads this passage as a critique of Savonarola. See Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 157; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 336-38, 526-29. On Machiavelli's appeal to millenarian language in the last chapter of Il principe, this tactic has been seen, correctly, as an ironic and antiSavonarolan rhetorical ploy by Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 400-402; Patricia Zupan, "Machiavelli and Savonarola Revisited: The Closing Chapter of Il principe," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 43-64; Zupan adroitly characterizes Machiavelli here as a "Savonarolean ventriloquist," 53, coopting the friar's language for his own ends.
382. Niccolò Machiavelli, I romiti, Opere, 991; Chief Works, 2: 881. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 34, also reads this passage as a critique of Savonarola. See Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 157; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 336-38, 526-29. On Machiavelli's appeal to millenarian language in the last chapter of Il principe, this tactic has been seen, correctly, as an ironic and antiSavonarolan rhetorical ploy by Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 400-402; Patricia Zupan, "Machiavelli and Savonarola Revisited: The Closing Chapter of Il principe," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 43-64; Zupan adroitly characterizes Machiavelli here as a "Savonarolean ventriloquist," 53, coopting the friar's language for his own ends.
383. Niccolò Machiavelli, I romiti, Opere, 991; Chief Works, 2: 881. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 34, also reads this passage as a critique of Savonarola. See Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 157; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 336-38, 526-29. On Machiavelli's appeal to millenarian language in the last chapter of Il principe, this tactic has been seen, correctly, as an ironic and antiSavonarolan rhetorical ploy by Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 400-402; Patricia Zupan, "Machiavelli and Savonarola Revisited: The Closing Chapter of Il principe," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 43-64; Zupan adroitly characterizes Machiavelli here as a "Savonarolean ventriloquist," 53, coopting the friar's language for his own ends.
384. Niccolò Machiavelli, I romiti, Opere, 991; Chief Works, 2: 881. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 34, also reads this passage as a critique of Savonarola. See Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 157; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 336-38, 526-29. On Machiavelli's appeal to millenarian language in the last chapter of Il principe, this tactic has been seen, correctly, as an ironic and antiSavonarolan rhetorical ploy by Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 400-402; Patricia Zupan, "Machiavelli and Savonarola Revisited: The Closing Chapter of Il principe," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 43-64; Zupan adroitly characterizes Machiavelli here as a "Savonarolean ventriloquist," 53, coopting the friar's language for his own ends.
385. Niccolò Machiavelli, I romiti, Opere, 991; Chief Works, 2: 881. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 34, also reads this passage as a critique of Savonarola. See Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 157; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Ruffo Fiore,
386. Niccolò Machiavelli, I romiti, Opere, 991; Chief Works, 2: 881. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 34, also reads this passage as a critique of Savonarola. See Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 157; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 336-38, 526-29. On Machiavelli's appeal to millenarian language in the last chapter of Il principe, this tactic has been seen, correctly, as an ironic and antiSavonarolan rhetorical ploy by Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 400-402; Patricia Zupan, "Machiavelli and Savonarola Revisited: The Closing Chapter of Il principe," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 43-64; Zupan adroitly characterizes Machiavelli here as a "Savonarolean ventriloquist," 53, coopting the friar's language for his own ends.
387. Niccolò Machiavelli, I romiti, Opere, 991; Chief Works, 2: 881. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 34, also reads this passage as a critique of Savonarola. See Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 157; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 336-38, 526-29. On Machiavelli's appeal to millenarian language in the last chapter of Il principe, this tactic has been seen, correctly, as an ironic and antiSavonarolan rhetorical ploy by Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 400-402; Patricia Zupan, "Machiavelli and Savonarola Revisited: The Closing Chapter of Il principe," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 43-64; Zupan adroitly characterizes Machiavelli here as a "Savonarolean ventriloquist," 53, coopting the friar's language for his own ends.
388. Niccolò Machiavelli, I romiti, Opere, 991; Chief Works, 2: 881. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 34, also reads this passage as a critique of Savonarola. See Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 157; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 336-38, 526-29. On Machiavelli's appeal to millenarian language in the last chapter of Il principe, this tactic has been seen, correctly, as an ironic and antiSavonarolan rhetorical ploy by Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 400-402; Patricia Zupan, "Machiavelli and Savonarola Revisited: The Closing Chapter of Il principe," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 43-64; Zupan adroitly characterizes Machiavelli here as a "Savonarolean ventriloquist," 53, coopting the friar's language for his own ends.
389. Niccolò Machiavelli, I romiti, Opere, 991; Chief Works, 2: 881. Cantimori, "Niccolò Machiavelli," 34, also reads this passage as a critique of Savonarola. See Erlanger, Unarmed Prophet, 296-98; Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 157; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Tenenti, "La religione di Machiavelli," 715, 746; Trexler, Public Life, 336-38, 526-29. On Machiavelli's appeal to millenarian language in the last chapter of Il principe, this tactic has been seen, correctly, as an ironic and antiSavonarolan rhetorical ploy by Sasso, Niccolò Machiavelli, 400-402; Patricia Zupan, "Machiavelli and Savonarola Revisited: The Closing Chapter of Il principe," Machiavelli Studies, 1 (1987), 43-64; Zupan adroitly characterizes Machiavelli here as a "Savonarolean ventriloquist," 53, coopting the friar's language for his own ends.
390. Disc. 1.45, Opere, 127: "Essendo Firenze dope al 94, stata riordinata nello stato suo con lo aiuto di frate Girolamo Savonarola,... ed avendo, intra li altre costituzioni per assicurare i cittadini, fatto fare una legge, ehe si appellare al Popolo dalle sentenze che, per casi di stato, gli Otto e la Signoriadessono;... occorse ehe, poco dopo la confermazione d'essa, furono condannati a morte dalla Signoria ... cinque cittadini, e volendo quegli appellare, non furono lasciati, e non fu osservata la legge." Scholars noting Machiavelli's criticism of Savonarola on this point include Cassirer, Myth of the State, ch. 12; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 146; Nisticò, Machiavelli, 71; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 127; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Russo, Machiavelli, 1-10, 201-10; Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli, 35-36, 55-56, 120.
391. Disc. 1.45, Opere, 127: "Essendo Firenze dope al 94, stata riordinata nello stato suo con lo aiuto di frate Girolamo Savonarola,... ed avendo, intra li altre costituzioni per assicurare i cittadini, fatto fare una legge, ehe si appellare al Popolo dalle sentenze che, per casi di stato, gli Otto e la Signoriadessono;... occorse ehe, poco dopo la confermazione d'essa, furono condannati a morte dalla Signoria ... cinque cittadini, e volendo quegli appellare, non furono lasciati, e non fu osservata la legge." Scholars noting Machiavelli's criticism of Savonarola on this point include Cassirer, Myth of the State, ch. 12; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 146; Nisticò, Machiavelli, 71; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 127; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Russo, Machiavelli, 1-10, 201-10; Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli, 35-36, 55-56, 120.
392. Disc. 1.45, Opere, 127: "Essendo Firenze dope al 94, stata riordinata nello stato suo con lo aiuto di frate Girolamo Savonarola,... ed avendo, intra li altre costituzioni per assicurare i cittadini, fatto fare una legge, ehe si appellare al Popolo dalle sentenze che, per casi di stato, gli Otto e la Signoriadessono;... occorse ehe, poco dopo la confermazione d'essa, furono condannati a morte dalla Signoria ... cinque cittadini, e volendo quegli appellare, non furono lasciati, e non fu osservata la legge." Scholars noting Machiavelli's criticism of Savonarola on this point include Cassirer, Myth of the State, ch. 12; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 146; Nisticò, Machiavelli, 71; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 127; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Russo, Machiavelli, 1-10, 201-10; Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli, 35-36, 55-56, 120.
393. Disc. 1.45, Opere, 127: "Essendo Firenze dope al 94, stata riordinata nello stato suo con lo aiuto di frate Girolamo Savonarola,... ed avendo, intra li altre costituzioni per assicurare i cittadini, fatto fare una legge, ehe si appellare al Popolo dalle sentenze che, per casi di stato, gli Otto e la Signoriadessono;... occorse ehe, poco dopo la confermazione d'essa, furono condannati a morte dalla Signoria ... cinque cittadini, e volendo quegli appellare, non furono lasciati, e non fu osservata la legge." Scholars noting Machiavelli's criticism of Savonarola on this point include Cassirer, Myth of the State, ch. 12; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 146; Nisticò, Machiavelli, 71; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 127; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Russo, Machiavelli, 1-10, 201-10; Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli, 35-36, 55-56, 120.
394. Disc. 1.45, Opere, 127: "Essendo Firenze dope al 94, stata riordinata nello stato suo con lo aiuto di frate Girolamo Savonarola,... ed avendo, intra li altre costituzioni per assicurare i cittadini, fatto fare una legge, ehe si appellare al Popolo dalle sentenze che, per casi di stato, gli Otto e la Signoriadessono;... occorse ehe, poco dopo la confermazione d'essa, furono condannati a morte dalla Signoria ... cinque cittadini, e volendo quegli appellare, non furono lasciati, e non fu osservata la legge." Scholars noting Machiavelli's criticism of Savonarola on this point include Cassirer, Myth of the State, ch. 12; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 146; Nisticò, Machiavelli, 71; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 127; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Russo, Machiavelli, 1-10, 201-10; Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli, 35-36, 55-56, 120.
395. Disc. 1.45, Opere, 127: "Essendo Firenze dope al 94, stata riordinata nello stato suo con lo aiuto di frate Girolamo Savonarola,... ed avendo, intra li altre costituzioni per assicurare i cittadini, fatto fare una legge, ehe si appellare al Popolo dalle sentenze che, per casi di stato, gli Otto e la Signoriadessono;... occorse ehe, poco dopo la confermazione d'essa, furono condannati a morte dalla Signoria ... cinque cittadini, e volendo quegli appellare, non furono lasciati, e non fu osservata la legge." Scholars noting Machiavelli's criticism of Savonarola on this point include Cassirer, Myth of the State, ch. 12; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 146; Nisticò, Machiavelli, 71; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 127; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Russo, Machiavelli, 1-10, 201-10; Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli, 35-36, 55-56, 120.
396. Disc. 1.45, Opere, 127: "Essendo Firenze dope al 94, stata riordinata nello stato suo con lo aiuto di frate Girolamo Savonarola,... ed avendo, intra li altre costituzioni per assicurare i cittadini, fatto fare una legge, ehe si appellare al Popolo dalle sentenze che, per casi di stato, gli Otto e la Signoriadessono;... occorse ehe, poco dopo la confermazione d'essa, furono condannati a morte dalla Signoria ... cinque cittadini, e volendo quegli appellare, non furono lasciati, e non fu osservata la legge." Scholars noting Machiavelli's criticism of Savonarola on this point include Cassirer, Myth of the State, ch. 12; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 146; Nisticò, Machiavelli, 71; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 127; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Russo, Machiavelli, 1-10, 201-10; Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli, 35-36, 55-56, 120.
397. Disc. 1.45, Opere, 127: "Essendo Firenze dope al 94, stata riordinata nello stato suo con lo aiuto di frate Girolamo Savonarola,... ed avendo, intra li altre costituzioni per assicurare i cittadini, fatto fare una legge, ehe si appellare al Popolo dalle sentenze che, per casi di stato, gli Otto e la Signoriadessono;... occorse ehe, poco dopo la confermazione d'essa, furono condannati a morte dalla Signoria ... cinque cittadini, e volendo quegli appellare, non furono lasciati, e non fu osservata la legge." Scholars noting Machiavelli's criticism of Savonarola on this point include Cassirer, Myth of the State, ch. 12; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 146; Nisticò, Machiavelli, 71; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 127; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Russo, Machiavelli, 1-10, 201-10; Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli, 35-36, 55-56, 120.
398. Disc. 1.45, Opere, 127: "Essendo Firenze dope al 94, stata riordinata nello stato suo con lo aiuto di frate Girolamo Savonarola,... ed avendo, intra li altre costituzioni per assicurare i cittadini, fatto fare una legge, ehe si appellare al Popolo dalle sentenze che, per casi di stato, gli Otto e la Signoriadessono;... occorse ehe, poco dopo la confermazione d'essa, furono condannati a morte dalla Signoria ... cinque cittadini, e volendo quegli appellare, non furono lasciati, e non fu osservata la legge." Scholars noting Machiavelli's criticism of Savonarola on this point include Cassirer, Myth of the State, ch. 12; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 146; Nisticò, Machiavelli, 71; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 127; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Russo, Machiavelli, 1-10, 201-10; Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli, 35-36, 55-56, 120.
399. Disc. 1.45, Opere, 127: "Essendo Firenze dope al 94, stata riordinata nello stato suo con lo aiuto di frate Girolamo Savonarola,... ed avendo, intra li altre costituzioni per assicurare i cittadini, fatto fare una legge, ehe si appellare al Popolo dalle sentenze che, per casi di stato, gli Otto e la Signoriadessono;... occorse ehe, poco dopo la confermazione d'essa, furono condannati a morte dalla Signoria ... cinque cittadini, e volendo quegli appellare, non furono lasciati, e non fu osservata la legge." Scholars noting Machiavelli's criticism of Savonarola on this point include Cassirer, Myth of the State, ch. 12; Mansfield, New Modes and Orders, 146; Nisticò, Machiavelli, 71; Rebhorn, Foxes and Lions, 127; Ridolfi, Vita, 15-17; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 108-9; Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli, 6-9; Russo, Machiavelli, 1-10, 201-10; Verdiglione, Niccolò Machiavelli, 35-36, 55-56, 120.
400. Il princ. 12, Opere, 275. Scholars noting this Machiavellian critique of Savonarola include Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 122; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 135-209; Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," 56-60.
401. Il princ. 12, Opere, 275. Scholars noting this Machiavellian critique of Savonarola include Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 122; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 135-209; Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," 56-60.
402. Il princ. 12, Opere, 275. Scholars noting this Machiavellian critique of Savonarola include Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 122; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 135-209; Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," 56-60.
403. Il princ. 12, Opere, 275. Scholars noting this Machiavellian critique of Savonarola include Fuhr, Machiavelli und Savonarola, 122; Roeder, Man of the Renaissance, 135-209; Silvano, "Early Sixteenth-Century Florentine Republicanism," 56-60.
404. Francesco Guicciardini, Storie florentine dal 1378 al 1509, ed. Aulo Greco (Novara, 1970), 160: "o per virtú divina o per sua arte," "uno governo popolare alla viniziana." My translation.
405. Ibid., 162, 177-82, 214-15, 217-18. Guicciardini revisits the issue of the non-enforcement of the law of appeal in Storia d'Italia, bk. 3, chap. 15, ed. Costantino Panigoda (Bari, 1929), I: 297.
406. Ibid., 162, 177-82, 214-15, 217-18. Guicciardini revisits the issue of the non-enforcement of the law of appeal in Storia d'Italia, bk. 3, chap. 15, ed. Costantino Panigoda (Bari, 1929), I: 297.
407. Storie fior., 162-63.