Where it all began: The representation of Malaysian heritage in Melaka

International Journal of Heritage Studies

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 199-218

  Worden, Nigel ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Built Heritage; Heritage Tourism; History; Malaysia; National Identity; Post colonialism

Indexed keywords

EID: 0043134125     PISSN: 13527258     EISSN: 14703610     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13527250120079300     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Let's go guide to Southeast Asia, New York: St Martin's Press, 1998, p. 372. The Malay language spelling of Melaka is now widely used in English-language publications in place of the anglicised Malacca
2. G.J. Ashworth & J.E. Tunbridge, The tourist-historic city, London and New York: Belhaven Press, 1990
3. Quotation from G.J. Ashworth & T.Z. de Haan, 'The tourist-historic city: a model and initial application in Norwich' , U.K. Field Studies Series 6, Groningen: Geographical Institute, Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen, 1985, p. 8
4. J.I. Currie, 'The economy of Melaka today and tomorrow' , in Kernial Singh Sandhu & Paul Wheatley (eds) Melaka: the transformation of a Malay capital c.1400-1980, Vol. II, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1983, pp. 351-379, p. 379
5. In the now voluminous literature on the state and tourism in the region, see especially R. Wood, 'Ethnic tourism, the state and cultural change in Southeast Asia' , Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 11, 1984, pp. 353-374
6. M. Picard & R. Wood (eds) Tourism, ethnicity and the state in Asian and Pacific societies, Honolulu: University of Hawai' i Press, 1997
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13. The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), which has dominated the governing coalition of Malaysia since independence in 1957, came to power on a slogan of 'Malaya for the Malays' in opposition to colonial attempts to remove Malay privileges over other ethnic Malaysians, notably those of Chinese origin. On the marketing of 'traditional Malay culture' in this period see J. Kahn, 'Class, ethnicity and diversity: some remarks on Malay culture in Malaysia' , in J. Kahn & F. Loh Kok Wah, (eds) Fragmented vision: culture and politics in contemporary Malaysia, Honolulu: University of Hawai' i Press, 1992, pp. 158-178
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31. Sandhu & Wheatley, 'From capital to municipality' , pp. 544, 551-552
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34. P.E. de Josselin de Jong & H.-L. van Wijk, 'The Malacca Sultanate' , Journal of Southeast Asian History, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1960, pp. 20-29, p. 28
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36. C.W. Watson, 'The construction of the post-colonial subject in Malaysia', in S. Tù nnesson & H. AntloÈ v, Asian Forms of the Nation, Richmond: Curzon, 1996, pp. 297-322, pp. 309-310. For this reconceptualisation in the broader cultural context of the 1950s
37. T. Harper, The end of empire and the making of Malaya, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 285. Tuan Jebat became a hero of nationalism in the absence of clear proto-nationalist leaders akin to Indonesia's Deponegoro; the communist insurgents fighting in the forests in the 1950s were antagonistic to UMNO's vision of an independent Malaya
38. English soundtrack of Son et Lumière production, Melaka, 14 August 1997
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43. Milner, Invention of Politics, pp. 141-153
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47. Wolters, Fall of Srivijaya, esp. pp. 81-83
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53. Funded especially by the City of Hoorn in The Netherlands. I.L. Vis, 'Het Stadthuys te Malacca: een restauratie-plan voor het oudste VOC-gebouw in het verre osten' , in Verslagen en Aanwinsten 1980-81 van de Stichting Cultuurgeschiedenis Nederlanders Overzee, Amsterdam, 1982, pp. 34-44
54. L. Witz, 'Commemorations and conflicts in the production of South African national pasts: the 1952 Jan van Riebeeck tercentenary festival' , PhD thesis, Cape Town: University of Cape Town, 1997
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56. C. Blagden, 'Report of Governor Balthasar Bort on Malacca' , Journal of the Malay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 5, 1927, pp. 9-367, p. 14
57. L. Andaya, 'The kingdom of Johor' , PhD thesis, Cornell University, 1971, pp. 23-24
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59. S. Hoyt, Old Malacca, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 70
60. B.W. Andaya & L.Y. Andaya, A history of Malaysia, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1982, p. 123
61. In this way Malay nationalists overcame the problem of their Indonesian counterparts, who struggled to link Yogyakarta, home of the anti-colonial revolution, with pre-colonial states such as Majapahit. J. Forshee, 'Domains of pedaling: souvenirs, becak drivers and tourism in Yogyakarta, Java' , in Forshee, Converging interests (note 5), p. 312
62. 'Tussle over news on impending independence' , in Chye & Wee, You' ll love Malacca, p. 44
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64. Harper, End of empire, pp. 13-14, 348
65. Signboard, Proclamation of Independence Memorial, 14 August 1997
66. C. Muzaffar, 'Continuity and change in Malay ideas of the Melakan period' , in K.S. Sandhu & P. Wheatley (eds) Melaka: the transformation of a Malay capital c.1400-1980, Vol. II, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1983, pp. 47-69, p. 48
67. Brown, The state and ethnic politics, p. 243
68. Bird, The golden Chersonese, pp. 132, 137
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76. The Baba House, promotional hotel leaflet, Melaka, n.d. [1995]
77. Tan, 'Baba and Nyonya' , p. 229. From the late 1980s, a series of conventions held by the Peranakan communities of Melaka, Penang and Singapore have encouraged a re-assertion of a distinctive heritage; for instance, the theme of the 11th Baba and Nyonya Conference held in Melaka in 1998 was 'The Baba and Nyonya in the Eyes of the Youth'
78. On this legend and its academic debunking, see C. Cartier, 'The dead, place/space, and social activism: constructing the nationscape in historic Melaka' , Environment and Planning: Society and Space, Vol. 15, No. 5, 1997, pp. 555-586, pp. 574-575
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86. See also Cartier, 'Creating historic open space' , p. 370. The controversy provides an interesting contrast with the protests against Chinese cemetery removals in independent Singapore where there was little element of ethnic exclusion by the state
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