The Victoria falls 1900-1940: Landscape, tourism and the geographical imagination

Journal of Southern African Studies

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 717-738

  McGregor, Joann ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLONIALISM; INDIGENOUS POPULATION; LANDSCAPE; MEMORY; TOURISM;

ZAMBIA; ZIMBABWE;

EID: 0043032908     PISSN: 03057070     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03057070306217     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. see J. Barrell, 'Death on the Nile: Fantasy and the Literature of Tourism. 1840-1860' in C. Hall (ed) Cultures of Empire: A Reader (Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2000), pp. 187-206.
2. J. McGregor, 'The Great River: European and African Ideas about the Zambezi', presented to the conference 'A View of the Land', Bulawayo, June 2000.
3. See M. L. Pratt Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation (London, Routledge, 1992);
4. Felix Driver, Geography Militant: Cultures of Exploration and Empire (Oxford, Blackwell, 2001);
5. Anne Godlewska and Neil Smith, Geography and Empire (Oxford, Blackwell, 1994).
6. see F. Cooper and A. L. Stoler (eds.) Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World (Berkeley and London, University of California Press, 1997);
7. A. Lester, 'Historical Geographies of Imperialism' in Brian Graham and Catherine Nash (eds). Modern Historical Geographies (Essex, Pearson Education, Prentice Hall, 2000), pp. 100-120.
8. see Tim Oakes, 'Eating the Food of the Ancestors: Place, Tradition and Tourism in a Chinese Frontier River Town, Ecumene 6, 2 (1999) pp. 123-145;
9. David Gilbert, 'London in All its Glory - or How to Enjoy London': Guidebook Representations of Imperial London', Journal of Historical Geography, 25, 3 (1999) pp. 279-297.
10. see P. Merrington, 'Cape to Cairo: Africa in Masonic Fantasy' in G. Harper (ed), Comedy, Fantasy and Colonialism (London, Continuum, 2002), pp. 140-157.
11. Jane Carruthers. The Kruger National Park: A Social and Political History (Durban, Natal University Press, 1995);
12. see William Beinart and JoAnn McGregor, 'Introduction', Social History and African Environments (Oxford, James Currey, 2003)
13. Terrence Ranger, Voices from the Rocks: Nature, Culture and History in the Matopos Hills, Zimbabwe (Oxford, James Currey, 1999)
14. See E.W. Smith and A.M. Dale, The Ila Speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia (London, Macmillan, 1920);
15. M.A. Jaspan, The Ila-Tonga Peoples of Northwest Rhodesia (London, IAI, 1953).
16. See K. Mubitana, 'The Traditional History and Ethnography' in D. Phillipson (ed), Mosi-Oa-Tunya: A Handbook to the Victoria Falls Region (Harare, Longman Zimbabwe, 1990 [first edition 1975):
17. J.D. Clark, 'The Native Tribes', in J.D. Clark (ed). The Victoria Falls (Livingstone, Monuments Commission, 1952).
18. D. Livingstone, Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa (London, Ward, Lock and Co., 1875 [first edition 1857]), pp. 74-76;
19. I. Shapera (ed), David Livingstone's African Journal 1853-56 [Vols 1 & 2], (London, Chatto and Windus, 1963), p. 326.
20. K. Mubitana, 'The Traditional History and Ethnography' in D.W. Phillipson, Mosi-Oa-Tunya: A Handbook to the Victoria Falls Region (Longman Zimbabwe 1990), chapter 6. J.D. Clark' The Native Tribes', p. 71.
21. F. Sykes, cited in G.W. Lamplugh, 'The Gorge and Basin of the Zambezi Below the Victoria Falls, Rhodesia', Geographical Journal (1908), pp. 133-152.
22. E. Colson, 'Places of Power and Shrines of the Land', in A. Van Oppen and U. Luig (eds), 'The Making of African Landscapes' special issue of Paideuma 43 (1997), pp. 47-58.
23. D. Livingstone and C. Livingstone, Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambezi and its Tributaries (London, John Murray, 1865, p. 250.
24. Official Guide to the Victoria Falls (Bulawayo, Argus Co., 1905), p. 2.
25. Frank W. Sykes Official Guide, p. 5.
26. CNC Taylor, 'A Short History of the Tribes of the Province of Matabeleland', 11 January 1904.
27. E. Worby, 'Maps, Names and Ethnic Games: The Epistemology and Iconography of Colonial Power in Northwestern Zimbabwe', Journal of Southern African Studies, 20, 3 (1994), pp. 371-392.
28. see Neville Smith, 'Thomas Baines Landscape Art' (unpublished, ms., 1996).
29. M.L. Pratt. Imperial Eyes. Travel Writing and Transculturation (London, Routledge, 1992), pp. 201-227
30. Jane Carruthers and Marion Arnold, The Life and Work of Thomas Baines (Fernwood Press, South Africa, 1995)
31. See African Concessions Syndicate Ltd. The Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River (London, 1902).
32. South Africa Handbook, No. 6 [n.. ca. 1903].
33. The Directory of Bulawayo and Handbook for Matabeleland 1895-1896 (W.A. Richards and Sons, Cape Town, 1896).
34. Lord Curzon, The Times, 14 April 1909.
35. see Saul Dubow, 'A Commonwealth of Science: The British Association in South Africa, 1905-1929' in S. Dubow (ed) Science and Society in Southern Africa (Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2000)
36. Edward Mohr. To the Victoria Falls of the Zambezi (London, Sampson Low, 1876), p. 145.
37. See A.J.C. Molyneux, 'The Physical History of the Victoria Falls' Geographical Journal (January 1905), pp. 44-63;
38. G.W. Lamplugh, 'The Gorge and Basin of the Zambezi below the Victoria Falls, Rhodesia', Geographical Journal (February 1908), pp. 133-152
39. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 73 (1907), pp. 62-79.
40. Leslie Armstrong and Neville Jones 'The Antiquity of Man in Rhodesia', Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute [JRAI], 66 (1936).
41. G. W. Lamplugh, 'Notes on the Occurrence of Stone Implements in the Valley of the Zambezi and Around the Victoria Falls', JRAI, 36 (1906), pp. 159-60
42. Henty Balfour, IRAI, 36 (1906) p. 170.
43. Presidential Address, Proceedings of the Rhodesian Scientific Association, 4 (1903).
44. Percy Clark, Autobiography of an Old Drifter: The Life of Percy M. Clark of Victoria Falls (London, Harrap, 1936), p. 240, p. 245.
45. Livingstone Mail, 23 June 1906.
46. John Crewel A History of the Victoria Falls Hotel: Ninety Glorious Years (Zimbabwe, 1994).
47. Traveller's Gazette, 9 April 1904, 'By Rail to Victoria Falls', pp. 12-14.
48. see A.H. Croxton Railways of Rhodesia. The Story of the Beira, Mashonaland and Rhodesia Railways (Newton Abbott, David and Charles, 1973), p. 91.
49. The Financier, 22 July 1905.
50. South Africa, 15 July 1905.
51. The Globe, 13 September 1905.
52. 'Opening of the Zambezi Bridge', Travellers' Gazette, November 1905;
53. The Evening News, 15 July 1905.
54. See also Terence Ranger, 'Making Northern Rhodesia Imperial: Variations on a Royal Theme, 1924-1938', African Affairs (1981) pp. 349-373.
55. Gervas Clay, Your Friend Lewanika: Litunga of Barotseland 1842-1916 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1968). p. 127.
56. Vincent Turner, The Luyana Peoples of Barotseland (Ethnographic Survey of Africa, London. Oxford University Press for the International African Institute, 1951).
57. L. Jalla, Sur les Rives du Zambeze: Notes Ethnographiques (Paris, Societe des Missions Evangeliques, 1928), pp. 90-91.
58. R. A. Luck, Visit to Lewanika (Simpkins, Marshall, Hamilton Kent and Co. Ltd, 1902), p. 62.
59. D.W. Stirke, Eight Years Among the Barotse (London, John Bale Sons and Danielsson Ltd, 1922), p. 121.
60. M. Gluckman, 'The Lozi of Barotseland in Northwestern Rhodesia' in E. Colson and M. Gluckman (eds) Seven Tribes of British Central Africa (London, Oxford University Press, 1951), p. 11.
61. World Wide Magazine October 1910.
62. L. Schumaker, Africanizing Anthropology: Fieldwork, Networks and the Making of Cultural Knowledge in Central Africa (Duke University Press, 2001), p. 50.
63. E. Stokes, 'Barotseland: The survival of an African State: in E. Stokes and R. Brown (eds.), The Zambesian past: Studies in Central African History (Manchester University Press, 1966), pp. 261-301
64. See also Gerald Caplan The Elites of Barotseland 1878-1969 (London, Hurst, 1970).
65. Percy Clark, 'A Native in the Wilds of Rhodesia', in Guide to the Victoria Falls (4th edition. ca. 1920), p. 25.
66. J.D. Clark. Stone Age Cultures of Northern Rhodesia (Cape Town, 1950)
67. D. Clark, The Victoria Falls (Livingstone, 1952).
68. Charlotte Mansfield, Via Rhodesia: A Journey Through Southern Rhodesia (London, Stanley Paul and Co, 1911).
69. The Victoria Falls of Southern Rhodesia (S. Rhodesia Gvt printer, 1936).
70. Jonah Woods and Stuart Manning. A Guide Book to the Victoria Falls (Bulawayo, 1960).
71. Agatha Christie, The Man in the Brown Suit (Bodley Head, 1924).
72. see I. Phimister, Wangi Kolia: Coal, Capital and Labour in Colonial Zimbabwe 1894-1954 (Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press, 1994).
73. Friday Mufuzi, personal communication, August 2002, Livingstone Museum.
74. The Livingstonian, 5 (1999)