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Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1988, Pages 25-45

Why did tocqueville fear abundance? or the tension between commerce and citizenship

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EID: 0042928930     PISSN: 01916599     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0191-6599(88)90065-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (7)

References (147)
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    • As social historians point out, it is inaccurate to use the term ‘bourgeoisie’ and the phrases ‘middle class’ or ‘middle classes’ interchangeably, but in a paper of this sort this jumbling is almost impossible to avoid, because Tocqueville and his contemporaries jumbled these labels.
    • (1978)
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    • Tocqueville, Journey to America, p. 271.
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    • Tocqueville, Selected Letters on Politics and Society, p. 193., Letter to Kergorlay, 18 October 1847. Also in Oeuvres (M), Vol. XIII, pt.2, p.211.
  • 20
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    • The strange liberalism of Alexis de Tocqueville
    • For further discussion of Tocqueville's disenchantment with his era and with the middle class, see
    • (1981) History of Political Thought , vol.2 , pp. 495-524
    • Boesche1
  • 26
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    • Ticknor & Fields, Boston, trans. Mrs. M.C.M. Simpson, 2 vols., Letter to Charles Buller, 21 June 1846. Although these two volumes, in general, consist of English translations of the letters in Oeuvres (B), Vols. V and VI, the original French of this letter is not in the Beaumont editions.
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    • Tacitus, Annals, Bk. VI, paragraph 16. From, The Modern Library, New York, trans. Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb
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    • Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, XX, 2. Montesquieu is often regarded as someone who defended commerce and thought commerce brought freedom. Although certain passages do suggest this (V, 6; XX, 1, 7), I believe that, by taking into account his larger discussions on commerce, this thesis is doubtful.
  • 31
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    • Tocqueville, Selected Letters on Politics and Society, p. 39., Letter to Chabrol, 9 June 1831. Also in Yale Tocqueville Collection, B.I.a.2.
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    • Tocqueville, Journey to America, p. 364.
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  • 40
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    • Letter to Edouard de Tocqueville
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    • Letter to Kergorlay
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    • Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, XVI, 6.
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    • Tocqueville, Democracy, Vol. II, p. 164.
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    • Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol.I, p. 44.
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    • Rousseau talked of how the internalised discipline of liberty was more strict than any tyranny. See, Bobbs-Merrill, New York, trans. Willmoore Kendall
    • (1972) The Government of Poland , pp. 29-30
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    • Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol.I, p. 44.
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    • Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, XI, 3–5.
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    • Tocqueville, Democracy, Vol. I, p. 73.
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    • Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution, p. 275.
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    • Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol.II, p. 131.
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    • Tocqueville, Journey to America, p. 171.
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    • Tocqueville, Letter to Beaumont
    • (1839) Oeuvres , vol.8 , pp. 371
  • 69
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  • 70
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    • Tocqueville, Oeuvres (M), Vol. II, pt. 2, L'Ancien régime et la Révolution, fragments et notes inédites sur la Révolution, pp. 133–134.
  • 71
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    • Speech to the Chamber of Deputies, 27 January 1848, reprinted in, Doubleday, Garden City, New York, trans. George Lawrence
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    • Letter from Royer-Collard to Tocqueville
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    • Études économiques, politiques, el littéraires
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    • Tocqueville, Journey to America, p. 169.
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    • Tocqueville, Oeurves (M), Vol. II, pt. 2, L'Ancien régime et la Révolution, fragments et notes inédites sur la Révolution, p. 278.
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    • Tocqueville, Oeuvres (M), Vol.III, Étset discours politiques, p. 120. From Abolition de l'esclavage.
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    • Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol. II, p. 277.
  • 124
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    • Also in Oeuvres (M), Vol. IX.
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    • Tocqueville, Journey to America, p. 148
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    • The Old Regime and the French Revolution, pp.159, 285–286.
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    • Tocqueville, Journey to America, p. 305
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    • see also Democracy in America, Vol.1, p. 294.
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    • Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol. I, p. 127.
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    • Tacitus, Annals, III, 27.
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    • See also Democracy in America, Vol. II, p. 283. See further a letter to Mill in which Tocqueville does not seem anxious to surrender a military ethic in favour of a commercial ethic.
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    • Balzac, Pére Goriot, p. 117.
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    • Also in Oeuvres (M), Vol. XIII, pt. 1, pp. 234–235.
  • 141
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    • Also in Oeuvres (M), Vol. VIII, pt.3, p. 543.
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    • Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, V. 6.
  • 145
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    • See also Democracy in America, Vol. II, p. 283. See further a letter to Mill in which Tocqueville does not seem anxious to surrender a military ethic in favour of a commercial ethic.
  • 146
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    • Also in Oeuvres (M), Vol. VI, pt. 1, pp. 334–336.
  • 147
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    • Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol.11, p.261; also pp.43–44.


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