Effects of Degree of Processing and Nitrogen Source and Level on Starch Availability and In Vitro Fermentation of Corn and Sorghum Grain

Professional Animal Scientist

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 83-94

  Brown, M S ^a   Galyean, M L ^b   Duff, G C ^a   Hallford, D M ^a   Soto Navarro, S A ^a  

^a NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ammonia; PH; Starch availability; Steam flaking

Indexed keywords

EID: 0042926998     PISSN: 10807446     EISSN: 1525318X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)31800-3     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. AOAC Official Methods of Analysis 1990, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA. 15th Ed.
2. Britton R.A., Stock R.A. Acidosis, rate of starch digestion and intake. Okla. Agric. Exp. Sta. Misc. Publ. 1987, MP-121:125.
3. Broderick G.A., Kang J.H. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J. Dairy Sci. 1980, 63:64.
4. Chester-Jones H., Stern M.D., Su A., Donker J.D., Ziegler D.M., Miller K.P. Evaluation of various nitrogen supplements in starter diets for growing Holstein steers and their effects on ruminal bacterial fermentation in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 1990, 68:2954.
5. Duff G.C., Galyean M.L., Branine M.E. Effects of adaptation to lasalocid or monensin, or daily rotation of lasalocid and monensin on in vitro fermentation of a 90% concentrate diet. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1995, 75:129.
6. Erdman R.A., Proctor G.H., Vandersall J.H. Effect of rumen ammonia concentration on in situ rate and extent of digestion of feedstuffs. J. Dairy Sci. 1986, 69:2312.
7. Galyean M.L. Appendix B - Procedures. Laboratory Procedures in Animal Nutrition Research 1988, 150. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM.
8. Galyean M.L. Protein levels in beef cattle finishing diets: Industry application, university research, and systems results. J. Anim. Sci. 1996, 74:2860.
9. Galyean M.L., Wagner D.G., Johnson R.R. Site and extent of starch digestion in steers fed processed corn rations. J. Anim. Sci. 1976, 43:1088.
10. Galyean M.L., Wagner D.G., Owens F.N. Dry matter disappearance of corn and sorghum as influenced by particle size and processing. J. Dairy Sci. 1981, 64:1804.
11. Garrett J.E., Goodrich R.D., Stern M.D., Meiske J.C. Rate of protein degredation and nutrient digestion of various nitrogen sources in continuous culture of rumen contents. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1987, 67:745.
12. Herrera-Saldana R.E., Huber J.T., Poore M.H. Dry matter, crude protein, and starch degradability of five cereal grains. J. Dairy Sci. 1990, 73:2386.
13. Kang-Meznarich J.H., Broderick G.A. Effects of incremental urea supplementation on ruminal ammonia concentration and bacterial protein formation. J. Anim. Sci. 1981, 51:422.
14. Karr M.L. Grain processing techniques and quality control. Proc. Feed Grains Utilization Symposium 1984, 99. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.
15. Leng R.A., Nolan J.V. Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 1984, 67:1072.
16. Lofgreen G.P., Dunbar J.R. The effect of popping and degree of flaking on the nutritive value of milo. Calif. Feeders Day 1970, 48. University of California, Davis, CA.
17. Lozano O., Theurer B., Alio A., Huber T., Swingle S., Zinn R., Delgado-Elorduy A., Sadik M., Ghenniwa G., Pessarakli M., Cuneo P., DeYoung D. Steam-processed sorghum flaked at different densities alters microbial crude protein flow and ruminal, small intestinal, and total digestibilities of starch by steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1996, 74(Suppl. 1):269. (Abs.).
18. MacRae J.C., Armstrong D.G. Enzyme method for determination of alpha-linked glucose polymers in biological materials. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1968, 19:578.
19. McDougall E.I. Studies on ruminant saliva. I. The composition and output of sheep's saliva. Biochem. J. 1949, 43:99.
20. Mehrez A.Z., Ørskov E.R., McDonald I. Rates of rumen fermentation in relation to ammonia concentrations. Br. J. Nutr. 1977, 38:437.
21. Mendoza G., Britton R. Ruminal protozoa and urea level affect starch digestion in vitro 1991, 64. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NB.
22. NRC Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle 1996, National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 7th Ed.
23. Ørskov E.R., Fraser C., McDonald I. Digestion of concentrates in sheep. 4. The effects of urea on digestion, nitrogen retention and growth in young lambs. Br. J. Nutr. 1972, 27:491.
24. Owens F.N., Secrist D., Hill J., Gill D. A new look at acidosis 1996, 1. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
25. Preston R.L., Bartle S.J., Castlebury R.E. Laboratory evaluation of grain sorghum for steam-flaking and utilization by feedlot cattle 1991, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.
26. Reinhardt C.D., Brandt R.T., Freeman A.S., Eck T.P., Behnke K.C. Effects of density of steam-flaked milo on animal performance, mill production rate, and subclinical acidosis. Cattleman's Day Report 1993, 98. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
27. Rooney L.W., Pflugfelder R.L. Factors affecting starch digestibility with special emphasis on sorghum and corn. J. Anim. Sci. 1986, 63:1607.
28. SAS SAS® User's Guide: Statistics 1985, SAS Inst. Inc, Cary, NC. Version 5 Ed.
29. Satter L.D., Slyter L.L. Effect of ammonia concentrations on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 1974, 32:199.
30. Swingle R.S., Eck T.P., De La Llata M., Theurer C.B., Poore M.H., Moore C.H. Flake density of steam-processed sorghum grain and performance of growing/finishing steers 1991, National Grain Sorghum Producers Assoc, Abernathy, TX.
31. Swingle R.S., Theurer B., Urias A. Sorghum grain flake density and source of roughage in feedlot diets 1993, 38. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
32. Theurer C.B. Grain processing effects on starch utilization by ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 1986, 63:1649.
33. Tilley J.M.A., Terry R.A. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassland Soc. 1963, 18:104.
34. Xiong Y., Bartle S.J., Preston R.L. Improved enzymatic method to measure processing effects and starch availability in sorghum grain. J. Anim. Sci. 1990, 68:3861.
35. Xiong Y., Bartle S.J., Preston R.L. Density of steam-flaked sorghum grain, roughage level, and feeding regimen for feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1991, 69:1707.
36. Zinn R.A. Influence of flake density on the comparative feeding value of steam-flaked corn for feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 1990, 68:767.
37. Zinn R.A. Comparative feeding value of steam-flaked corn and sorghum in finishing diets supplemented with or without sodium bicarbonate. J. Anim. Sci. 1991, 69:905.
38. Zubay G. Biochemistry 1993, Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, IA. 3rd Ed. K. Kane (Ed.).