Differences in performance and preference of trained versus untrained listeners in loudspeaker tests: A case study

AES: Journal of the Audio Engineering Society

Volumn 51, Issue 9, 2003, Pages 806-825

  Olive, Sean E ^a  

^a Harman International Industries Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUDIO ACOUSTICS; AUDITION; PERSONNEL TRAINING; SUBJECTIVE TESTING;

LISTENING TESTS;

LOUDSPEAKERS;

EID: 0042864687     PISSN: 00047554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. S. Bech, "Selection and Training of Subjects for Listening Tests on Sound-Reproducing Equipment," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 40, pp. 590-610 (1992 July/Aug.).
2. R. Shively, "Subjective Evaluation of Reproduced Sound in Automotive Spaces," in Proc. AES 15th Inte. Conf. in Audio, Acoustics and Small Spaces (1998), pp. 109-121.
3. S. E. Olive, "A Method for Training Listeners and Selecting Program Material for Listening Tests," presented at the 97th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 42, p. 1058 (1994 Dec.), preprint 3893.
4. S. E. Olive, "A Method for Training Listeners: Part II," presented at the 101st Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 44, p. 1160 (1996 Dec.), no preprint.
5. S. E. Olive, "A New Listener Training Software Application," presented at the 110th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 49, p. 542 (2001 June), preprint 5384.
6. T. Neher, F. Rumsey and T. Brookes, "Training of Listeners for the Evaluation of Spatial Sound Reproduction," presented at the 112th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 50, p. 518-519 (2002 June), preprint 5584.
7. M. Meilgaard, G. V. Civille, and C. T. Carr, Sensory Evaluation Techniques, 2nd Ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1991).
8. F. E. Toole, "Subjective Evaluation: Identifying and Controlling the Variables," presented at the AES 8th Int. Conf.: The Sound of Audio (1990, Apr.), paper 8-013.
9. F. E. Toole and S. E. Olive, "Hearing Is Believing vs. Believing Is Hearing: Blind vs. Sighted Listening Tests, and Other Interesting Things," presented at 97th Convention of Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 42, p. 1058 (1994 Dec.), preprint 3894.
10. F. E. Toole, "The Acoustics and Psychoacoustics of Loudspeakers and Rooms: The Stereo Past and the Multichannel Future," presented at the 109th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 48, p. 1101 (2000 Nov.). preprint 5201.
11. P. Schuck, S. Olive, J. Ryan, F. Toole, S. Sally, M. Bonneville, E. Verreault, and K. Momtahan, "Perception of Reproduced Sound in Rooms: Some Results from the Athena Project," in Proc. AES 12th Int. Conf. (1993 June), pp. 49-73.
12. S. E. Olive, P. Schuck, S. Sally, M. Bonneville, "The Variability of Loudspeaker Sound Quality among Four Domestic-Sized Rooms," presented at the 99th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 43, pp. 1088-1089 (1995 Dec.), preprint 4092.
13. F. E. Toole, "Loudspeakers and Rooms for Stereophonic Sound Reproduction," presented at the AES 8th Int. Conf. The Sound of Audio (1990 Apr.), paper 8-011.
14. S. E. Olive, P. L. Schuck, S. L. Sally, and M. E. Bonneville, "The Effects of Loudspeaker Placement on Listener Preference Ratings," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 42, pp. 651-669 (1994 Sept.).
15. S. Bech, "Timbral Aspects of Reproduced Sound in Small Rooms. I," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 97, pp. 1717-1726 (1995).
16. R. E. Kirk, "Learning a Major Factor Influencing Preferences for High-Fidelity Reproducing Systems," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 28, pp. 1113-1116 (1956).
17. A. Gabrielsson, U. Rosenburg, and H. Sjogren, "Judgments and Dimension Analysis of Precieved Sound Quality of Sound-Reproducing Systems," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol 55, pp. 854-861 (1974).
18. A. Gabrielsson, "Loudspeaker Frequency Response and Precieved Sound Quality," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 90, pp. 707-719 (1991).
19. A. Gabrielsson and B. Lindstrom, "Precieved Sound Quality of High-Fidelity Loudspeakers," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 33 pp. 33-53 (1985 Jan./Feb.).
20. F. E. Toole, "Loudspeaker Measurements and Their Relationship to Listener Preferences: Part 1," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 34, pp. 227-235 (1986 Apr.).
21. F. E. Toole, "Loudspeaker Measurements and Their Relationship to Listener Preferences: Part 2," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol 34, pp. 323-348 (1986 May).
22. R. Quesnel, "A Computer-Assisted Method for Training and Researching Timbre Memory Evaluation Skills," PhD Dissertation, Tech. Rep. 1, McGill University, Montreal, P.Q., Canada (2002).
23. A. Gabrielsson, "Statistical Treatment of Data for Listening Tests on Sound-Reproducing Treatment," Rep. T. A, Karolinska Institute, Techincal Audiology, HH, Stockholm, Sweden (1979).
24. A. Devantier, "Characterizing the Amplitude Response of Loudspeaker Systems," presented at the 113th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 50, p. 954 (2002 Nov.), preprint 5638.
25. S. E. Olive, B. Castro, and F. E. Toole, "A New Laboratory for Evaluating Multichannel Audio Components and Systems," presented at the 105th Convention of Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 46, pp. 1032-1033 (1998 Nov.), preprint 4842.
26. M. R. Jason, "A Real-World Implementation of Current Theory in Loudspeaker Subjective Evaluation," presented at the 90th Convention of Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 39, pp. 385 (1991 May.), preprint 3048.
27. M. R. Jason, "Design Considerations for Loudspeaker Preference Experiments," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 40, pp. 979-996 (1992 Dec.).
28. S. Clement, L. Demany, and C. Semal, "Memory for Pitch versus Memory for Loudness," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 106, (1999 Nov.).
29. G. E. Starr, and M. A Pitt, "Interference Effects in Short-Term Memory for Timbre," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 102, pp. 486-494 (1997).
30. F. E. Toole, Private conversation (2003).
31. A. Parducci, "The Relativism of Absolute Judgment," Sci. Am., vol. 219, pp. 84-90 (1968).
32. A. Parducci, "Contextual Effects: A Range-Frequency Analysis," in E. C. Cartrette and M. P. Friedman, Eds. Handbook of Perception, vol. 2. (Academic Press, New York, 1974).
33. A. Parducci and D. H. Wedell, "The Category Effect with Rating Scales: Number of Categories, Number of Stimuli, and Method of Presentation." J. Experim. Psychol., vol. 12, pp. 496-516 (1986).
34. D. H. Wedell and A. Parducci, "The Category Effect in Social Judgment: Experimental Ratings of Happiness," J. Personal. Soc. Psychol., vol. 55, pp. 341-356 (1988).
35. D. H Wedell, A. Parducci, and M. Lane, "Reducing the Dependence of Clinical Judgment on the Immediate Context: Effects of Number of Categories and Type of Anchors," J. Personal Soc. Psychol., vol. 58, pp 319-329 (1990).
36. D. H. Wedell and J. C. Pettibone, "Preference and the Contextual Basis of Ideals in Judgment and Choice," J. Experim. Psychol: General, vol. 128, pp. 346-361 (1999).
37. E. C. Poulton, "Bias in Quantifying Judgments," (Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Hove, UK, 1989), 304 pp.
38. H. Lawless, "Bias and Context Effects in Ratings," Lecture in Food Science 410: Sensory Evaluation, Cornell University (2002), http://zingerone.fo odsci.cornell.edu/fs410/lectures/context.pdf.
39. R. T. Hurlburt, Comprehending Behavioral Statistics, 3rd ed. (Thomas Wadsworth, 2003).
40. J. Cohen, Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Hove, UK, 1988).
41. B. C. J. Moore, An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing, 4th ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1997).
42. A. Gabrielsson, B. Hagerman, T. Bech-Kristensen, and G. Lundberg, "Preceived Sound Quality of Reproductions with Different Frequency Responses and Sound Levels," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 83, pp. 1359-1366 (1990).
43. S. Olive, "Evaluation of Five Commercial Stereo Enhancement 3-D Audio Software Plug-ins," presented at the 110th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 49, p. 543 (2001 June), preprint 5386.
44. F. E. Toole and S. E. Olive, "The Modification of Timbre by Resonances: Perception and Measurement," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 36, pp. 122-142 (1988 Mar.).
45. S. E. Olive, P. L. Schuck, J. G. Ryan, S. L. Sally, and M. E. Bonneville, "The Detection Thresholds of Resonances at Low Frequencies." J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 45, pp. 116-128 (1997 Mar.).