Feeding management of children with severe cerebral palsy and eating impairment: An exploratory study

Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 19-44

  Gisel, Erika G ^c   Tessier, Marie Josée ^a   Lapierre, Guy ^b   Seidman, Ernest ^b   Drouin, Eric ^b   Filion, Gaetan ^b  

^a Centre Monteregien en Readaptation   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL   (Canada)

^c MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Dysphagia; Gastroesophageal reflux; Malnutrition; Positioning; Pulmonary function

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA; CASE REPORT; CATCH UP GROWTH; CEREBRAL PALSY; CHILD; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; DYSPHAGIA; EATING DISORDER; FEEDING; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; HUMAN; LUNG COMPLIANCE; LUNG DISEASE; LUNG FUNCTION; LUNG RESISTANCE; MALNUTRITION; TUBE FEEDING;

CEREBRAL PALSY; DEGLUTITION DISORDERS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; HUMANS; INFANT; LUNG DISEASES, OBSTRUCTIVE; POSTURE; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0042821523     PISSN: 01942638     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J006v23n02_03     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Agnarsson, U., Warde, C., McCarthy, G., Clayden, G. S., & Evans, N. (1993). Anorectal function of children with neurological problems. II: Cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 35(10), 903-908.
2. Airaksinen, E. M., Matilainen, R., Mononen, T., Mustonen, K., Partanen, J., Jokela, V., & Halonen, P. (2000). A population-based study on epilepsy in mentally retarded children. Epilepsia, 41, 1214-1220.
3. Alvarez, N., Besag, F., & Ivaneinen, M. (1998). Use of antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of epilepsy in people with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42(Supplement 1), 1-15.
4. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. (1992). Guidelinesfor monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation and therapeutic procedures. Pediatrics, 89, 1110-1115.
5. Andersson, T., Lundborg, P., Radke, M., Dalvag, A., Behrens, R., Becker, M., Goethberg, C., Hassall, E., Shepherd, R., Marcon, M., Martin, S., Koletzo, S., & Drouin, E. (2000). Pharmacokinetics of orally administered omeprazole in children. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 95, 3101-3106.
6. Boix-Ochoa, J., Lafuenta, J. M., & Gil-Vernet, J. M. (1978). Twenty-four hour esophageal pH monitoring in gastroesophageal reflux. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 96, 74-78.
7. Byrne, W. J., Euler, A. R., Ashcraft, E., Nash, D. G., Seibert, J. J., & Golloday, E. S. (1982). Gastroesophageal reflux in the severely retarded who vomit: Criteria for and results of surgical intervention in twenty-two patients. Surgery, 91, 95-98.
8. Carrington, E. G. (1978). A seating position for a cerebral-palsied child. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 32, 179-181.
9. Chandra, R. K. (1983). Nutrition, immunity and infection: Present knowledge and future directions. Lancet, 1, 688-691.
10. Christarella, M. C. (1975). Comparison of straddling and sitting apparatus for the spastic cerebral-palsied child. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 29, 273-276.
11. Christie, D. L., O'Grady, L. R., & Mack, D. V. (1978). Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter and gastroesophageal reflux in recurrent acute pulmonary disease of infancy and childhood. Journal of Pediatrics, 93, 23-27.
12. Cravioto, J., DeLicardie, E. R., & Birch, H. G. (1966). Nutrition, growth, and neurointegrative development: An experimental and ecological study. Pediatrics, 38, 319-372.
13. Croft, R. D. (1992). What consistency of food is best for children with cerebral palsy who cannot chew? Archives of Disease in Childhood, 67, 269-271.
14. Dahl, M., Thommessen, M., Rasmussen, M., & Selberg, T. (1996). Feeding and nutritional characteristics in children with moderate or severe cerebral palsy. Acta Paediatrica, 85(6), 697-701.
15. Darling, D. B., McCauley, R. G. K., Leonidas, J. C., & Schwartz, A. M. (1978). Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children: Correlation of radiological severity and pulmonary pathology. Radiology, 127, 735-740.
16. Darwish, H. (1999). Living with cerebral palsy and tube feeding: Easier to feed but at what cost? Journal of Pediatrics, 135, 272-273.
17. Dobbing, J. (1990). Early nutrition and later achievement. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 49, 103-118.
18. Edebol-Tysk, K. (1989). Evaluation of care-load for individuals with spastic tetraplegia. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31(6), 737-745.
19. Euler, A. R., & Byrne, W. J. (1983). Gastric emptying times of water in infants and children: Comparison of those with and without gastroesophageal reflux. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2, 595-598.
20. Euler, A. R., Byrne, W. J., Ament, M. E., Fonkalsrud, E. W., Strobel, C. T., Siegel, S. C., Katz, R. M., & Rachelefsky, G. S. (1979). Recurrent pulmonary disease in children: A complication of gastroesophageal reflux. Pediatrics, 63, 47-51.
21. Evans, P. M., Evans, S. J. W., & Alberman, E. (1990). Cerebral palsy: Why we must plan for survival. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 65, 1329-1333.
22. Ferry, G. D., Selby, M., & Pietro, T. J. (1983). Clinical response to short-term nasogastric feeding in infants with gastroesophageal reflux and growth failure. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2, 57-61.
23. Galler, J. R., Ramsey, F., & Solimano, G. (1984). The influence of early malnutrition on subsequent behavioural development III. Learning disabilities as a sequel to malnutrition. Pediatric Research, 18, 309-313.
24. Gaultier, C., Fletcher, M. E., Beardsmore, C., England, S., & Motoyama, E. (1995). Respiratory function measurements in infants: Measurement conditions. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, 151, 2058-2064.
25. Gisel, E., Applegate-Ferrante, T., Benson, J., & Bosma, J. (1995). Effect of sensorimotor treatment on measures of growth, eating efficiency and aspiration in the dysphagic child with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 37, 528-543.
26. Gisel, E. G. (1988). Chewing cycles in 2- to 8-year-old normal children: A developmental profile. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 42(1), 40-46.
27. Gisel, E. G. (1994). Oral-motor skills following sensorimotor intervention in the moderately eating-impaired child with cerebral palsy. Dysphagia, 9(3), 180-192.
28. Gisel, E. G., & Alphonce, E. (1995). Classification of eating impairments based on eating efficiency in children with cerebral palsy. Dysphagia, 10(4), 268-274.
29. Gisel, E. G., Applegate-Ferrante, T., Benson, J. E., & Bosma, J. F. (1996). Oral-motor skills following sensorimotor therapy in two groups of moderately dysphagic children with cerebral palsy: Aspiration vs non-aspiration. Dysphagia, 11(1), 59-71.
30. Gisel, E. G., Birnbaum, R., & Schwartz, S. (1998). Helping the feeding impaired child. In T. J. David (Ed.), Recent Advances in Paediatrics (Vol. 16, pp. 59-71). London: Churchill Livingstone.
31. Gisel, E. G., & Patrick, J. (1988). Identification of children with cerebral palsy unable to maintain a normal nutritional state. Lancet, 1, 283-286.
32. Griggs, C. A., Jones, P. M., & Lee, R. E. (1989). Videofluoroscopic investigation of feeding disorders of children with multiple handicap. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31(3), 303-308.
33. Guthrie, H. A., & Crocetti, A. F. (1985). Variability of nutrient intake over a 3 day period. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 85, 325-327.
34. Heine, R. G., Reddihough, D. S., & Catto-Smith, A. G. (1995). Gastro-esophageal reflux and feeding problems after gastrostomy in children with severe neurological impairment. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 37(4), 320-329.
35. Hoyoux, C., Forget, P., Lambrechts, L., & Geubelle, F. (1985). Chronic broncho-pulmonary disease and gastroesophageal reflux in children. Pediatric Pulmonology, 1, 149-153.
36. Ivaneinen, M., & Alvarez, N. (2000). Drug treatment of epilepsy in people with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42(Supplement 1), iv.
37. Jones, P. M. (1989). Feeding disorders in children with multiple handicaps. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31, 398-406.
38. Kenny, D. J., Koheil, R. M., Greenberg, J., Reid, D., Milner, M., Moran, R., & Judd, P. L. (1989). Development of a multidisciplinary feeding profile for children who are dependent feeders. Dysphagia, 4(1), 16-28.
39. Krick, J., Murphy, P. E., Markham, J. F. B., & Shapiro, B. K. (1992). A proposed formula for calculating energy needs of children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 34, 481-487.
40. Krick, J., Murphy-Miller, P., Zeger, S., & Wright, E. (1996). Pattern of growth in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 96, 680-685.
41. Krick, J., & VanDuyn, M. A. S. (1984). The relationship between oral-motor involvement and growth: A pilot study in a pediatric population with cerebral palsy. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 84(5), 555-559.
42. Larnert, G., & Ekberg, O. (1995). Positioning improves the oral and pharyngeal swallowing function in children with cerebral palsy. Acta Paediatrica, 84, 689-692.
43. Magnusson, B. (1964). Oral conditions in a group of children with cerebral palsy. II. Orthodontic aspects. Odontologisk Revy, 15, 41-53.
44. McGrath, S. J., Splaingard, M. L., Alba, H. M., Kaufman, B. H., & Glicklick, M. (1992). Survival and functional outcome of children with severe cerebral palsy following gastrostomy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 73, 133-137.
45. Mollitt, D. L., Golloday, E. S., & Seibert, J. J. (1985). Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux following gastrostomy in neurologically impaired patients. Pediatrics, 75, 1124-1126.
46. Morton, R. E., Bonas, R., Fourie, B., & Minford, J. (1993). Videofluoroscopy in the assessment of feeding disorders of children with neurological problems. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 35(5), 388-395.
47. Myhr, U., & von Wendt, L. (1991). Improvement of functional sitting position for children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 33(3), 246-256.
48. Myhr, U., von Wendt, L., Norrlin, S., & Radell, U. (1995). Five-year follow-up of functional sitting position in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 37(7), 587-596.
49. Nwaobi, O. M., Brubaker, C. E., Cusick, B., & Sussman, M. D. (1983). Electromyographic investigations of extensor activity in cerebral-palsied children in different seating positions. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 25, 175-183.
50. Orenstein, S. R., Magill, H. R., & Brooks, P. (1987). Thickening of infant feedings for therapy of gastroesophageal reflux. Journal of Pediatrics, 110, 181-186.
51. Orenstein, S. R., & Orenstein, D. M. (1988). Gastroesophageal reflux and respiratory disease in children. Journal of Pediatrics, 112, 847-858.
52. Orenstein, S. R., & Whitington, P. F. (1983). Positioning for prevention of infant gastroesophageal reflux. Journal of Pediatrics, 103, 534-537.
53. Ottenbacher, K., Hicks, J., Roark, A., & Swinea, J. (1983). Oral-sensorimotor therapy in the developmentally disabled: A multiple baseline study. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 37, 541-547.
54. Patrick, J., Boland, M., Stoski,D., & Murray, G. E. (1986). Rapid correction of wasting in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 28(6), 734-739.
55. Patrick, J., & Gisel, E. G. (1990). Nutrition for the feeding impaired child. Journal of Neurological Rehabilitation, 4, 115-119.
56. Persson, L. A., & Carlgren, S. G. (1984). Measuring children's diets: Evaluation of dietary assessment techniques in infancy and childhood. Journal of Epidemiology, 13, 506-517.
57. Pope, P. M., Bowes, C. E., & Booth, E. (1994). Postural control in sitting. The SAM system: Evaluation of use over three years. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 36(3), 241-252.
58. Ramenofsky, M. L., & Leape, L. L. (1981). Continuous upper esophageal pH monitoring in infants and children with gastroesophageal reflux, pneumonia and apneic spells. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 16, 374-378.
59. Reid, D. T., & Sochaniwskyj, A. (1991). Effects of anterior-tipped seating on respiratory function of normal children and children with cerebral palsy. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 14, 203-212.
60. Reilly, S., & Skuse, D. (1992). Characteristics and management of feeding problems of young children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 34(5), 379-388.
61. Rempel, G. R., Colwell, S. O., & Nelson, R. P. (1988). Growth in children with cerebral palsy fed via gastrostomy. Pediatrics, 82, 857-862.
62. Rogers, B. T., Arvedson, J., Buck, G., Smart, P., & Msall, M. (1994). Characteristics of dysphagia in children with cerebral palsy. Dysphagia, 9, 69-73.
63. Rogers, B. T., Arvedson, J., Msall, M., & Demerath, R. R. (1993). Hypoxemia during oral feeding of children with severe cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 35, 3-10.
64. Sanders, K. D., Cox, K., Cannon, R., Blanchard, D., Pitcher, J., Papatakis, P., Varella, L., & Maughan, R. (1990). Growth response to enteral feeding by children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 14(1), 23-26.
65. Shapiro, B. K., Green, P., Krick, J., Allen, D., & Capute, A. J. (1986). Growth of severely impaired children: Neurological versus nutritional factors. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 28(6), 729-733.
66. Shepherd, R., Wren, J., Evans, S., Lander, M., & Ong, T. H. (1987). Gastroesophageal reflux in children. Clinical Pediatrics, 26, 55-60.
67. Sondheimer, J. M., & Morris, B. A. (1979). Gastro-esophageal reflux among severely retarded children. Journal of Pediatrics, 94(5), 710-714.
68. Staiano, A., Simeone, D., Giudice, E. D., Miele, E., Tozzi, A., & Toraldo, C. (2000). Effect of the dietary fibre glucomannan on chronic constipation in neurologically impaired children. Journal of Pediatrics, 136, 41-45.
69. Stallings, V. A., Charney, E. B., Davies, J. C., & Cronk, C. E. (1993). Nutritional status and growth of children with diplegic or hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 35(11), 997-1006.
70. Strauss, D., Kastner, T., Ashwal, M. D., & White, M. S. (1997). Tube feeding and mortality in children with severe disabilities and mental retardation. Pediatrics, 99, 358-363.
71. Strauss, D., & Shavelle, R. (1998). Life expectancy of adults with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 40, 369-375.
72. Sullivan, P. B. (1997). Gastrointestinal problems in the neurologically impaired child. Baillere's Clinical Gastroenterology, 11, 529-546.
73. Troughton, K., & Hill, E. (2001). Relation between objectively measured feeding competence and nutrition in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 43, 187-190.
74. Turnage, R. H., Oldham, K. T., Coran, A. G., & Blane, C. E. (1989). Late results of fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children. Surgery, 105, 457-464.
75. Wolfe, M. M., & Sachs, G. (2000). Acid suppression: Optimizing therapy for gastroduodenal ulcer healing, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and stress-related erosive syndrome. Gastroenterology, 118(Supplement 1, Q1), 370-375.
76. World Health Organization. (1985). Energy and protein requirements. Geneva: World Health Organization.