Perinatal mortality and chorionicity in twins

Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 119-143

  Conner, Christine ^a   M Campbell, Doris ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHORION; FETUS GROWTH; FETUS MALFORMATION; HUMAN; PERINATAL CARE; PERINATAL MORTALITY; PREMATURE LABOR; REVIEW; TWIN DISCORDANCE; TWIN PREGNANCY; TWIN ZYGOSITY;

EID: 0042805307     PISSN: 09655395     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0965539503001074     Document Type: Review

References (133)

1. Ghai V, Vidyasagar D. Morbidity and mortality factors in twins: an epidemiological approach. Clin Perinatol 1988; 15: 123-140
2. Botting BJ, Davis IM, Macfarlane AJ. Recent trends in the incidence of multiple births and associated mortality. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62: 941-50.
3. Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Renwick M. Time trends in twin perinatal mortality in northern England, 1982-94. Northern Region Perinatal Mortality Survey Steering Group. Twin Res 1998; 1: 189-95.
4. Imaizumi Y. Perinatal mortality in twins and factors influencing mortality in Japan, 1980-98. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2001; 15: 346-51.
5. Report on Maternal and Perinatal Deaths in Scotland 1986-90. A review of twin pregnancies (1986-90). Edinburgh: HMSO, 1994: 23-28.
6. World Health Organisation: http\www.who.inten
7. Neilson JP, Crowther CA. Preterm labour in multiple pregnancies. Fetal Mat Med Review 1993; 5: 105-19.
8. Benirschke K. Twin placenta in perinatal mortality. N Y State J Med 1961; 1: 1499-1507.
9. Aicardi J, Goutieres F, De Verbois H. Multicystic encephalomalacia of infants and its relation to abnormal gestation and hydrancephaly. J Neurol Sci 1972; 15: 357-73.
10. Crowther CA. Multiple pregnancy. In: James DK et al eds. High risk pregnancy management options. London: WB Saunders, 1999: 129-51.
11. Kilby MD, Govind A, O'Brien PMS. Outcome of twin pregnancies complicated by a single intrauterine death: a comparison with viable twin pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84: 107-109.
12. Landy HJ, Weiner S, Corson SL, Batzer FR, Bolognese RJ. The vanishing twin: ultrasonographic assessment of fetal disappearance in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: 14-19.
13. Gindoff PR, Yen M-N, Jewelewictz R. The vanishing sac syndrome. Ultrasound evidence of pregnancy failure in multiple gestations: Induced and spontaneous. J Reprod Med 1986; 31: 322-26.
14. Shackley D, Daw E. Effect on the survivor of the early demise of its twin. J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 12: 373-74.
15. Livnat EJ, Burd L, Cadkin A, Keh P, Ward AB. Fetus papyraceous in twin pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1978; 51: 41S-45S.
16. Campbell DM. Epidemiology of twinning. Current Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 8: 126-34.
17. Fisk NM, Bennett PR. Prenatal determination of chorionicity and zygosity. In: Ward RH, Whittle M eds. Multiple pregnancy. London: RCOG Press, 1995: 56-67.
18. Townsend RR, Simpson GF, Filly RA. Membrane thickness in ultrasound prediction of chorionicity of twin gestations. J Ultrasound Med 1988; 7: 327-32.
19. Kurtz AB, Wapner RJ, Mata J, Johnson A, Morgan P. Twin pregnancies: accuracy of first trimester abdominal US in predicting chorionicity and amnionicity. Radiology 1992; 185: 759-62.
20. Hertzberg BS, Kurtz AB, Choi HY, Kaczmarczyk JM, Warren W, Wapner RL et al. Significance of membrane thickness in the sonographic evaluation of twin gestations. Am J Roentgenol 1987; 148: 151-53.
21. Barss VA, Benacerraf BR, Frigoletto F. Jr. Ultrasonographic determination of chorion type in twin gestation. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 66: 779-83.
22. Finberg HJ. The 'twin peak' sign: reliable evidence of dichorionic twinning. J Ultrasound Med 1992; 11: 571-77.
23. Monteagudo A, Timor-Tritsch I, Sharma S. Early and simple determination of chorionic and amniotic type in multifetal gestations in the first fourteen weeks by high-frequency transvaginal ultrasonography. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 824-29.
24. Monteagudo A, Timor-Tritsch I. Ultrasound assessment of chorionicity and amnionicity in twin pregnancies. Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 1998; 10: 213-27.
25. Sepulveda W, Sebire NJ, Hughes K, Kalogeropoulos A, Nicolaides RH. Evolution of the lambda or twin-chorionic peak sign in dichorionic twin pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 89: 439-41.
26. Winn HN, Gabrielli S, Reece EA, Roberts JA, Salafia C, Hobbins JC. Ultrasonographic criteria for the prenatal diagnosis of placental chorionicity in twin gestations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 1540-542.
27. Mahony BS, Filly RA, Callen PW. Amnionicity and chorionicity in twin pregnancies; prediction using ultrasound. Radiology 1985; 155: 205-209.
28. D'Alton ME, Dudley DK. The ultrasonographic prediction of chorionicity in twin gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 160: 557-61.
29. Vayssière CF, Heim N, Camus EP, Hillion YE, Nisand JF. Determination of chorionicity in twin gestations by high-frequency abdominal ultrasonography: Counting the layers of the dividing membrane. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175: 1529-533.
30. Fowler MG, Kleinman JC, Kieley JL, Kessel SS. Double jeopardy: twin infant mortality in the United States, 1983 and 1984. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 15-22.
31. Rydhstrom H. The effects of maternal age, parity, and sex of the twins on twin perinatal mortality. A population based study. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1990; 39: 401-408.
32. West CR, Adi Y, Pharoah PO. Fetal and infant death in mono- and dizygotic twins in England and Wales 1982-91. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1999; 80: F217-20.
33. Benirschke K, Kim CK. Multiple Pregnancy (First of Two Parts). N Engl J Med 1973; 288: 1276-284.
34. Snijder MJ, Wladimiroff JW. Fetal biometry and outcome in monochorionic vs. dichorionic twin pregnancies; a retrospective cross-sectional matched-control study. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998; 24: 197-201.
35. Dube J, Dodds L, Armson A. Does chorionicity or zygosity predict adverse perinatal outcomes in twins? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186: 579-83.
36. Neilson JP, Danskin F, Hastie SJ. Monozygotic twin pregnancy: diagnostic and Doppler ultrasound studies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989; 96: 1413-418.
37. Sebire NJ, Snijders RJM, Hughes K, Sepulveda W, Nicolaides KH. The hidden mortality of monochorionic twin pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 104: 1203-207.
38. Machin G, Bamforth F, Innes M, McNichol K. Some perinatal characteristics of monozygotic twins who are dichorionic. Am J Med Genet 1995; 55: 71-76.
39. Campbell DM, MacGillivray I. Outcome of twin pregnancies. In: MacGillivray I et al eds. Twinning and Twins. Chichester: John Wiley, 1988: 179-202.
40. Litschgi M, Stucki D. Course of twin pregnancy after fetal death in utero. Geburtschilfe Perinatol 1980; 184: 227-230.
41. Melnick M. Brain damage in survivor after in-utero death of monozygous co-twin. Lancet 1977; ii: 1287.
42. Fusi L, Gordon H. Twin pregnancy complicated by single intra-uterine death: Problems and outcome with conservative management. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 97: 511-16.
43. Romero R, Duffy TP, Berkowitz RL, Change E, Hobbins JC. Prolongation of a preterm pregnancy complicated by death of a single twin in utero and disseminated intravascular coagulation. New Engl J Med 1984; 310: 772-74.
44. D'Alton ME, Newton ER, Cetrulo CL. Intrauterine fetal demise in multiple gestation. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1984; 33: 43-49.
45. Dippel AL. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1934; 54: 24.
46. Bejar R, Vigliocco G, Gramajo H, Solana C, Benirschke K, Berry C et al. Antenatal origin of neurologic damage in newborn infants: multiple gestations, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 1230-236.
47. Okamura K, Murotsuki J, Tanigawara S, Uehara S, Yajima A. Funipuncture for evaluation of hematologic and coagulation indices in the surviving twin following co-twin's death. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83: 975-78.
48. Larroche JCl, Droulle P, Delezoide AL, Naray F, Nessmann C. Brain damage in monozygous twins. Biol Neonate 1990; 57: 261-78.
49. Grafe MR. Antenatal cerebral necrosis in monochorionic twins. Pediatr Pathol 1993; 13: 15-19.
50. Murphy KW. Intrauterine death in a twin: implications for the survivor. In: Ward RH, Whittle M eds. Multiple Pregnancy. London: RCOG Press, 1995: 218-31.
51. Petterson B, Nelson KB, Watson L, Stanley F. Twins, triplets, and cerebral palsy in births in Western Australia in the 1980s. Br Med J 1993; 307: 1239-243.
52. Potter ED. Twin zygosity and placental form in relation to the outcome of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1963; 87: 566-77.
53. MacGillivray I, Campbell DM. Management of twin pregnancies. In: MacGillivray I et al eds. Twinning and twins. Chichester. John Wiley Sons Ltd, 1988: 122-26.
54. Houlton MCC, Marivate M, Philpott RHP. The prediction of fetal growth retardation in twin pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1981; 188: 264-73.
55. Jeffrey RL, Watson A, Bowes JR, Delaney JJ. Role of bed rest in twin gestation. Obstet Gynecol 1974; 43: 822-26.
56. Taylor M, Fisk N. Multiple pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 2: 4-10.
57. Shah YG, Graham D, Stinson SK, Render TD. Biparietal diameter growth in uncomplicated twin gestation. Am J Perinatol 1987; 4: 229-32.
58. Houlton MC. Divergent biparietal diameter growth rates in twin pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1977; 49: 542-45.
59. Babson SG, Philips DS. Growth and development of twins dissimilar in size at birth. N Engl J Med 1973; 289: 937-40.
60. Samphier ML. The Aberdeen Maternity Register. In: Innovation in Medical Records in the UK 1980 Project Paper No. 16, King's Fund, London.
61. Bjoro K Jr, Bjoro K. Disturbed intrauterine growth in twins: etiological aspects. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1985; 34: 73-73.
62. Reece EA, Yarkoni S, Abdalla M, Gabrielli S, Holford T, O'Connor TZ et al. A prospective longitudinal study of growth in twin gestation compared with growth in singleton pregnancies I. The fetal head. J Ultrasound Med 1991; 10: 439-43.
63. Smith APM, Ong S, Smith NCS, Campbell D. A prospective longitudinal study of growth velocity in twin pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 18: 484-87.
64. Leroy B, Lefort F, Neveu P, Risse RJ, Trevise P, Jeny R. Intrauterine growth charts for twin fetuses. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1982; 31: 199-206.
65. Taylor GM, Owen P, Mires GJ. Foetal growth velocities in twin pregnancies. Twin Res 1998; 1: 9-14.
66. Neilson JP. Ultrasound monitoring in twin pregnancies. In: Ward RH, Whittle M eds. Multiple Pregnancy. London: RCOG Press, 1995: 138-47.
67. Ong S, Lim M, Fitzmaurice A, Campbell D, Smith AP, Smith N. The creation of twin centile curves for size. Br J Obstet Gynaeol 2002; 109: 753-58.
68. O'Brien WF, Knuppel RA, Scerbo JC, Rattan PK. Birth weight in twins: an analysis of discordancy and growth retardation. Obstet Gynecol 1986; 67: 483-86.
69. Hendricks CH. Twinning in relation to birth weight, mortality, and congenital anomalies. Obstet Gynecol 1966; 27: 47-53.
70. Erkkola R, Ala-Melleo S, Piiroinen O, Kero P, Sillanpaa A. Growth discordancy in twin pregnancies: A risk factor not detected by measurements of biparietal diameter. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 66: 203-206.
71. Blickstein I, Shoham-Schwartz Z, Lancet M, Borenstein R. Characterization of the growth discordant twin. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 70: 11-15.
72. Blickstein I, Lancet M. The growth discordant twin. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1988; 43: 509-15.
73. Woods DL, Malan AF. Assessment of gestational age in twins. Arch Dis Child 1977; 52: 735-37.
74. Philips AGS. Term twins with discordant birth weights; Observation at birth and one year. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1981; 30: 203-12.
75. Falkner F. Implication for growth in human twins. In: Falkner F, Tanner JM eds. Human growth. New York: Plenum, 1978:397.
76. Bajoria R, Kingdom JCP. A case for routine determination of chorionicity in multiple pregnancies. Prenat Diagn 1997; 17: 1207-225.
77. Storlazzi E, Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA, Nochimson DJ, Weinbaum PJ. Ultrasonic diagnosis of discordant fetal growth in twin gestations. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 69: 363-67.
78. Hsieh TT, Chang TC, Chiu TH, Hsu JJ, Chao A. Growth discordancy, birth weight, and neonatal adverse events in third trimester twin gestations. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1994; 38: 36-40.
79. Rodis JF, Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA, Nochimson DJ. Intrauterine fetal growth discordant twin gestations. J Ultrasound Med 1990; 9: 443-48.
80. Conner CE, Smith NC, Campbell DM. Twin birth weight discordancy, predisposing factors and perinatal outcome. (Submitted for publication)
81. Blickstein I. The twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 76: 714-22.
82. Crane JP, Tomich PG, Kopta M. Ultrasonic growth patterns in normal and discordant twins. Obstet Gynecol 1980; 55: 678-83.
83. Essel JK, Opai-Tetteh ET. Twin birth-weight discordancy in Transkei. South African Med J 1994; 84: 69-71.
84. Eberle AM, Levesque D, Vintzileos AM, Egan, JFX, Tsapanos V, Salafia CM. Placental pathology in discordant twins. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169: 931-35.
85. Cheung VYT, Bocking AD, Dasilva OP. Preterm discordant twins: What birth weight difference is significant? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 172: 955-59.
86. Fakeye O. Twin birth weight discordancy in Nigeria. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1986; 24: 235-38.
87. Blickstein I, Weissmann A. Birth weight discordancy in male-first and female-first pairs of unlike-sexed twins. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 661-63.
88. Victoria A, Mora G, Arias F. Perinatal outcome, placental pathology, and severity of discordance in monochorionic and dichorionic twins. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 97: 310-15.
89. Bonds DR, Gabbe SG, Kumar S, Taylor T. Fetal weight/placental weight ratio and perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 149: 195-200.
90. Hanley ML, Ananth CV, Shen-Schwarz S, Smulian JC, Lai YL, Vintzileos AM. Placental cord insertion and birth weight discordancy in twin gestations. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99: 477-82.
91. Naeye RL. Functionally important disorders of the placenta, umbilical cord and fetal membranes. Hum Pathol 1987; 18: 680-91.
92. Nomiyama M, Toyota Y, Kawano H. Antenatal diagnosis of velamentous umbilical cord insertion and vasa previa with colour Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998; 12: 426-29.
93. Mantzoros CS, Moschos SJ. Leptin: in search of role(s) in human physiology and pathophysiology. Clin Endocrinol 1998; 49: 551-67.
94. Hassink SG, de Lancey E, Sheslow DV, Smith-Kirwin SM, O'Connor DM, Considine RV et al. Placental leptin: an important new growth factor in intrauterine and neonatal development? Pediatrics 1997; 100: E1-E6.
95. Sooranna SR, Ward S, Bajoria R. Fetal leptin influences birth weight in twins with discordant growth. Pediatr Res 2001; 49: 667-72.
96. Fogel BJ, Nitowsky HM, Gruenwald P. Discordant abnormalities in monozygotic twins. J Pediatr 1965; 66: 64-72.
97. Corney G, MacGillivray I, Campbell DM, Thompson B, Little J. Congenital anomalies in twins in Aberdeen and North East Scotland. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1983; 32: 31-35.
98. Myrianthopoulos NC. Congenital malformations: the contribution of twin studies. Birth Defects 1978; 14: 151-65.
99. Doyle PE, Beral V, Botting B, Wale CJ. Congenital malformations in twins in England and Wales. J Epidemiol Community Health 1991; 45: 43-48.
100. Little J, Bryan E. Congenital anomalies. In MacGillivray I et al eds. Twinning and Twins. Chichester: John Wiley, 1988: 207-40.
101. Kallen B. Congenital malformations in twins: a population study. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1986; 35: 167-78.
102. Kato K, Fujiki IK. Multiple births and congenital anomalies in Tokyo Metropolitan Hospital (1979-90). Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1992; 41: 253-59.
103. Windham GC, Bjerkedal T. Malformations in twins and their siblings, Norway, 1967-79. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1984; 33: 87-95.
104. Rausen AR, Seki M, Strauss L. Twin transfusion syndrome. J Pediatr 1965; 85: 613-27.
105. Tan KL, Tan R, Tan SH, Tan AM. The twin transfusion syndrome. Clinical observations on 35 affected pairs. Clin Pediatr 1979; 18: 111-14.
106. Abraham JM. Intrauterine feto-fetal transfusion syndrome. Clin Pediatr 1967; 6: 405-10.
107. Danskin FH, Neilson JP. Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: what are appropriate diagnostic criteria? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 365-69.
108. Robertson EG, Neer KJ. Placental injection studies in twin gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 147: 170-74.
109. Patten RM, Mack LA, Harvey D, Cyr DR, Pretotius DH. Disparity of amniotic fluid volume and fetal size: problem of the stuck twin-US studies. Radiology 1989; 172: 153-57.
110. Elliot JP, Urig MA, Clewell WH. Aggressive therapeutic amniocentesis for treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 77: 537-40.
111. Weir PE, Ratten GJ, Beischer NA. Acute polyhydramnios-a complication of monozygous twin pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1979; 86: 849-53.
112. Gonsoulin W, Moise KJN, Kirshon B, Cotton DB, Wheeler JM, Carpenter RJ. Outcome of twin-twin transfusion diagnosed before 28 weeks of gestation. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75: 214-16.
113. Roberts D, Neilson JP, Weindling AM. Interventions for the treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; CD002073.
114. Benirschke K. Twin placenta in perinatal mortality. N Y State J Med 1961; 61: 1499-508.
115. Carr SR, Aronson MP, Coustan DR. Survival rates of monoamniotic twins do not decrease after 30 weeks gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 719-22.
116. Baldwin VJ. Pathology of Multiple Pregnancy. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994.
117. Benirschke K, Kim CK. Multiple pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1973; 288: 1276-284.
118. Van Allen MI, Smith DW, Shepard TH. Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence: a study of 14 twin pregnancies with acardius. Semin Perinatol 1983; 7: 285-93.
119. Sato T, Kaneko K, Konuma S, Sati I, Tamada T. Acardiac anomalies: review of 88 cases in Japan. Asia Oceana J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 10: 45-52
120. Gerlis LM, Seo JW, Ho SY, Chi JG. Morphology of the cardiovascular system in conjoined twins: spatial and sequential segmental arrangements in 36 cases. Teratology 1993; 47: 91-108.
121. Baldwin V. Anomalies of monozygotic duplication. In: Ward RH, Whittle M eds. Multiple Pregnancy. London: RCOG Press, 1995: 100-110.
122. Persson P, Grennert L. Towards a normalisation of the outcome of twin pregnancy. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1979; 28: 341-46.
123. Kingdom JCP, Bajoria R. Fetal assessment and management of labour in twin pregnancy. In: Bonnar J ed Recent advances in obstetrics and gynaecology Vol 20, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1998: 65-79.
124. Sebire NJ, Snijders RJ, Hughes K, Sepulveda W, Nicolaides KH. Screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies by maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996; 103: 999-1003.
125. Anderson RL, Goldberg JD, Golbus MS. Prenatal diagnosis in multiple gestation: 20 years experience with amniocentesis. Prenat Diagn 1991; 11: 263-70.
126. Lynch L, Berkowitz RL, Stone J, Alvarez M, Lapinski R. Preterm delivery after selective termination in twin pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87: 366-69.
127. Challis D, Gratacos E, Deprest JA. Cord occlusion techniques for selective termination in monochorionic twins. J Perinat Med 1999; 27: 327-38.
128. Belfort MA, Moise KJ, Kirshon B, Saade G. The use of color flow Doppler ultrasonography to diagnose umbilical cord entanglement in monoamniotic twin gestations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 950-51.
129. Annan B, Hutson RC. Double survival despite cord entwinement. Case Report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 163: 950-51.
130. Peek MJ, McCarthy A, Kyle P, Sepulveda W, Fisk NM. Medical amnioreduction with sulindac to reduce cord complications in monoamniotic twins. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176: 334-36.
131. Baldwin VJ. Pathology of multiple pregnancy. In: Wigglesworth JS, Singer DB eds. Textbook of Fetal and Perinatal Pathology, Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1991: 221-62.
132. Campbell DM, MacGillivrary I. Pre-eclampsia in twin pregnancies: Incidence and outcome. Hypertension in Pregnancy 1999; 18: 197-207.
133. Campbell DM, Smith AP, Wilson AW. Estimated fetal weight in twin pregnancy-how good are we? Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1990; 39: 395-99.