The contribution of museums to scientific literacy: Views from audience and museum professionals

Public Understanding of Science

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 393-415

  Henriksen, Ellen K ^a   Frøyland, Merethe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0042782184     PISSN: 09636625     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0963-6625/9/4/304     Document Type: Article

References (43)

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2. G. Holton, "How to think about the 'anti-science' phenomenon," Public Understanding of Science 1, (1992): 103-128; P. R. Gross and N. Levitt, Higher Superstition. The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994)
3. J. D. Miller, "Scientific literacy: a conceptual and empirical review," Daedalus 112, no. 2 (1994): 29-48; J. R. Durant, G. Evans, and G. Thomas, "The public understanding of science," Nature 340 (1989): 11-14; National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators (Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1993).
4. J. D. Miller, "Scientific literacy: a conceptual and empirical review," Daedalus 112, no. 2 (1994): 29-48; J. R. Durant, G. Evans, and G. Thomas, "The public understanding of science," Nature 340 (1989): 11-14; National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators (Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1993).
5. J. D. Miller, "Scientific literacy: a conceptual and empirical review," Daedalus 112, no. 2 (1994): 29-48; J. R. Durant, G. Evans, and G. Thomas, "The public understanding of science," Nature 340 (1989): 11-14; National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators (Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1993).
6. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Science for All Americans - A Project Report on Literacy Goals in Science, Mathematics, and Technology (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1989); American Association for the Advancement of Science, Project 2061. Benchmarks for Science Literacy (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1993); National Research Council, Science Education Standards (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1996); R.M. Hazen and J. Trefill, Science Matters: Achieving Scientific Literacy (New York : Doubleday, 1991).
7. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Science for All Americans - A Project Report on Literacy Goals in Science, Mathematics, and Technology (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1989); American Association for the Advancement of Science, Project 2061. Benchmarks for Science Literacy (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1993); National Research Council, Science Education Standards (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1996); R.M. Hazen and J. Trefill, Science Matters: Achieving Scientific Literacy (New York : Doubleday, 1991).
8. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Science for All Americans - A Project Report on Literacy Goals in Science, Mathematics, and Technology (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1989); American Association for the Advancement of Science, Project 2061. Benchmarks for Science Literacy (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1993); National Research Council, Science Education Standards (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1996); R.M. Hazen and J. Trefill, Science Matters: Achieving Scientific Literacy (New York : Doubleday, 1991).
9. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Science for All Americans - A Project Report on Literacy Goals in Science, Mathematics, and Technology (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1989); American Association for the Advancement of Science, Project 2061. Benchmarks for Science Literacy (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1993); National Research Council, Science Education Standards (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1996); R.M. Hazen and J. Trefill, Science Matters: Achieving Scientific Literacy (New York : Doubleday, 1991).
10. S. Sjøberg., "Scientific literacy and school science: arguments and second thoughts," in Science, Technology and Citizenship. The Public Understanding of Science and Technology in Science Education and Research Policy, ed. S. Sjøberg and E. Kallerud (Norwegian Institute for Studies in Research and Higher Education, Report no 7/1997, 1997) 9-28.
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12. P. McManus, 'Topics in museums and science education," Studies in Science Education 20 (1992): 157-182; "museums, history of Encyclopædia Britannica Online http://www.eb.com:180/bol/topic?eu=127668&sctn=14 [accessed February 25, 1999].
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14. American Association of Museums, Excellence and Equity: Education and the Public Dimension of Museums (AAM, 1992); Norwegian Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Museum. Mangfald, Minne, Møtestad (NOU no 7, 1996); Swedish Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Minne och Bildning. Museernas Uppdrag och Organisation. (Stockholm: SOU no 51, 1994). J. H. Falk, "Visitors - who does, who doesn't, and why (why people go to museums)," Museum News 77, no. 2 (1998): 38-43; J. Falk and L. Dierking, The Museum Experience (Washington, D.C.: Whalesback Books, 1992).
15. American Association of Museums, Excellence and Equity: Education and the Public Dimension of Museums (AAM, 1992); Norwegian Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Museum. Mangfald, Minne, Møtestad (NOU no 7, 1996); Swedish Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Minne och Bildning. Museernas Uppdrag och Organisation. (Stockholm: SOU no 51, 1994). J. H. Falk, "Visitors - who does, who doesn't, and why (why people go to museums)," Museum News 77, no. 2 (1998): 38-43; J. Falk and L. Dierking, The Museum Experience (Washington, D.C.: Whalesback Books, 1992).
16. American Association of Museums, Excellence and Equity: Education and the Public Dimension of Museums (AAM, 1992); Norwegian Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Museum. Mangfald, Minne, Møtestad (NOU no 7, 1996); Swedish Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Minne och Bildning. Museernas Uppdrag och Organisation. (Stockholm: SOU no 51, 1994). J. H. Falk, "Visitors - who does, who doesn't, and why (why people go to museums)," Museum News 77, no. 2 (1998): 38-43; J. Falk and L. Dierking, The Museum Experience (Washington, D.C.: Whalesback Books, 1992).
17. American Association of Museums, Excellence and Equity: Education and the Public Dimension of Museums (AAM, 1992); Norwegian Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Museum. Mangfald, Minne, Møtestad (NOU no 7, 1996); Swedish Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Minne och Bildning. Museernas Uppdrag och Organisation. (Stockholm: SOU no 51, 1994). J. H. Falk, "Visitors - who does, who doesn't, and why (why people go to museums)," Museum News 77, no. 2 (1998): 38-43; J. Falk and L. Dierking, The Museum Experience (Washington, D.C.: Whalesback Books, 1992).
18. American Association of Museums, Excellence and Equity: Education and the Public Dimension of Museums (AAM, 1992); Norwegian Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Museum. Mangfald, Minne, Møtestad (NOU no 7, 1996); Swedish Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Minne och Bildning. Museernas Uppdrag och Organisation. (Stockholm: SOU no 51, 1994). J. H. Falk, "Visitors - who does, who doesn't, and why (why people go to museums)," Museum News 77, no. 2 (1998): 38-43; J. Falk and L. Dierking, The Museum Experience (Washington, D.C.: Whalesback Books, 1992).
19. S. Alsop and M. Watts, "Sources from a Somerset village: a model for informal learning about radiation and radioactivity," Science Education 81, no. 6 (1997): 633-650.
20. D. W. Stewart and P. N. Shamdasani, Focus Groups. Theory and Practice (London & New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1990); R. A. Krueger, Analyzing & Reporting Focus Group Results (Thousand Oaks, CA & London: Sage, 1998); D. L. Morgan, The Focus Group Guidebook (London: Sage, 1998); R. Rubenstein, "Focus on focus groups," in What Research Says About Learning in Science Museums, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Association of Science-Technology Centers [ASTC], 1993).
21. D. W. Stewart and P. N. Shamdasani, Focus Groups. Theory and Practice (London & New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1990); R. A. Krueger, Analyzing & Reporting Focus Group Results (Thousand Oaks, CA & London: Sage, 1998); D. L. Morgan, The Focus Group Guidebook (London: Sage, 1998); R. Rubenstein, "Focus on focus groups," in What Research Says About Learning in Science Museums, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Association of Science-Technology Centers [ASTC], 1993).
22. D. W. Stewart and P. N. Shamdasani, Focus Groups. Theory and Practice (London & New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1990); R. A. Krueger, Analyzing & Reporting Focus Group Results (Thousand Oaks, CA & London: Sage, 1998); D. L. Morgan, The Focus Group Guidebook (London: Sage, 1998); R. Rubenstein, "Focus on focus groups," in What Research Says About Learning in Science Museums, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Association of Science-Technology Centers [ASTC], 1993).
23. D. W. Stewart and P. N. Shamdasani, Focus Groups. Theory and Practice (London & New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1990); R. A. Krueger, Analyzing & Reporting Focus Group Results (Thousand Oaks, CA & London: Sage, 1998); D. L. Morgan, The Focus Group Guidebook (London: Sage, 1998); R. Rubenstein, "Focus on focus groups," in What Research Says About Learning in Science Museums, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Association of Science-Technology Centers [ASTC], 1993).
24. T. L. Greenbaum, The handbook of focus group research. 2nd ed. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998).
25. The list comprised the following "institutions": The school with the radon problem, friends and acquaintances, the Internet, the school authorities of Oslo, The Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, technical and natural history museums, libraries, health authorities, The Geological Survey of Norway, the University of Oslo, Other (please specify).
26. E. K. Henriksen, "Environmental issues in the museum: applying public perceptions in exhibition development," Curator 41, no. 2 (1998): 90-105.
27. "Dagbladet" is one of the biggest Norwegian tabloid newspapers.
28. American Association of Museums, Excellence and Equity; Norwegian Ministry of Cultural Affairs, "Museum."
29. American Association of Museums, Excellence and Equity; Norwegian Ministry of Cultural Affairs, "Museum."
30. McManus, "Topics in Museums"; Falk, "Visitors - who does, who doesn't."
31. McManus, "Topics in Museums"; Falk, "Visitors - who does, who doesn't."
32. E. Jenkins, "Public understanding of science and science education for action," Journal of Curriculum Studies 26, no. 6(1994): 601-611.
33. McManus, "Topics in museums"; "museums, history of," Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
34. McManus, "Topics in museums"; "museums, history of," Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
35. P. L. Lijnse, H. M. C. Eijkelhof, C. W. J. M. Klaassen, and R. L. J. Scholte, "Pupils' and mass media ideas about radioactivity," International Journal of Science Education 12 (1990): 67-78.
36. M. Shamos, The Myth of Scientific Literacy (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1995).
37. Jenkins, "Scientific and technological literacy for citizenship."
38. N. Merriman, "Museum visiting as a cultural phenomenon," in The New Museology, ed. P. Vergo (London: Reaktion Books, 1989), 149-171; K. Louagie, "It belongs in a museum: the image of museums in American film, 1985-1995," Journal of American Culture 19, no. 4 (1996): 41-50.
39. N. Merriman, "Museum visiting as a cultural phenomenon," in The New Museology, ed. P. Vergo (London: Reaktion Books, 1989), 149-171; K. Louagie, "It belongs in a museum: the image of museums in American film, 1985-1995," Journal of American Culture 19, no. 4 (1996): 41-50.
40. Merriman, "Museum visiting."
41. Louagie, "It belongs in a museum."
42. Jenkins, "Public understanding of science."
43. W. Schweibenz, "The 'virtual museum': new perspectives for museums to present objects and information using the Internet as a knowledge base and communication system," in Knowledge Management und Kommunikationssysteme. Workflow Management, Multimedia, Knowledge Transfer, ed. H. H. Zimmermann and V. Schramm (Prague: Proceedings des 6. Internationalen Symposiums für Informationswissenschaft (ISI '98) November 3rd-7th, 1998).