Quantum noise in gravitational-wave interferometers: Overview and recent developments

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Volumn 5111, Issue , 2003, Pages 23-35

  Corbitt, Thomas ^a   Mavalvala, Nergis ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Gravitational waves; Interferometers; Quantum noise; Quantum non demolition

Indexed keywords

GRAVITY WAVES; INTERFEROMETERS; LIGHT; MIRRORS; OPTICAL BEAM SPLITTERS; SPURIOUS SIGNAL NOISE;

GRAVITATIONAL WAVE INTERFEROMETERS; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; QUANTUM INFORMATION; QUANTUM MECHANICAL NOISE; QUANTUM NOISE;

QUANTUM OPTICS;

EID: 0042764375     PISSN: 0277786X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.507487     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (41)

1. A. Abramovici et al., "LIGO - the laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory," Science 256, pp. 325-333, 1992 (http://www.ligo.caltech.edu)
2. B. Caron et al., Class. Quantum Grav. 14, p. 1461, 1997 (http://www.virgo.infn.it)
3. H. Lück et al., Class. Quantum Grav. 14, p. 1471, 1997 (http://www.geo600.uni-hannover.de)
4. M. Ando et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, p. 3950, 2001 (http://tamago.mtk.nao.ac.jp).
5. G. Sanders, "Status of LIGO," in Gravitational Wave Detection, Proc. SPIE 4856-35, p. 247, 2002.
6. P. Fritschel, "Second generation instruments for the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)," in Gravitational Wave Detection, Proc. SPIE 4856-39, p. 282, 2002.
7. P. Purdue and Y. Chen, "Practical speed meter designs for QND gravitational-wave interferometers," Phys. Rev. D 66, pp. 022001, 2002 (gr-qc/0208049).
8. G. DeVine, M. Gray, D. McClelland, Y. Chen, and S. Whitcomb, private communication (http://www.ligo.caltech.edu/docs/G/G030087-00/G030087-00.pdf).
9. C. M. Caves, "Quantum-mechanical radiation-pressure fluctuations in an interferometers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, pp. 75-78, 1980.
10. C. M. Caves, "Quantum-mechanical noise in interferometers," Phys. Rev. D 23, pp. 1693-1708, 1981.
11. V. Braginsky, M. Gorodetsky, F. Khalili, A. Matsko, K. Thorne, and S. Vyatchanin, "The noise in gravitational-wave detectors and other classical-force measurements is not influenced by test-mass quantization," gr-qc/0109003 (2001).
12. V. B. Braginsky and F. Ya. Khalili, Rev. Mod. Phys. 68, p. 1, 1996.
13. V. B. Braginsky and F. Y. Khalili, "Quantum Measurement," K. S. Thorne, eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992.
14. V. B. Braginsky and Yu. I. Vorontsov, Sov. Phys. - Uspekhi 17, p. 644, 1975.
15. B. Meers and K. A. Strain, "Modulation, signals and quantum noise in interferometers," Phys. Lett. A 44, pp. 4693-4703, 1991
16. T. M. Niebauer, R. Schilling, K. Danzmann, A. Rdinger, and W. Winkler, "Non-stationary noise and its effect on the sensitivity of interferometers," Phys. Rev. A 43, p. 5002, 1991.
17. R. W. P. Drever, in The detection of gravitational waves, D. G. Blair, ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1991.
18. J. Mizuno, "Comparison of optical configurations for laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors," Ph.D. thesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany, 1995.
19. J. Mason and P. Willems, "Signal extraction and optical design for an advanced gravitational-wave interferometer," Appl. Opt. 42, 1269 (2003)
20. K. A. Strain, G. Muller, T. Delker, D. H. Reitze, D. B. Tanner, J. E. Mason, P. Willems, D. Shaddock, M. B. Gray, M. B. Gray, C. Low-Mowry, and D. E. McClelland, "Signal and control in dual-recycling laser interferometer gravitational-wave detectors," Appl. Opt. 42, 1244 (2003).
21. A. Buonanno and Y. Chen, "Quantum noise in second-generation signal-recycled laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors," Phys. Rev. D 64, p. 042006 (2001).
22. A. Buonanno and Y. Chen, "Signal recycled alser-interferometer gravitational-wave interferometers as optical springs," Phys. Rev. D 65, p. 042001, 2002
23. R. E. Slusher, L. W. Holberg, B. Yurke, J. C. Mertz and J. F. Valley, "Observation of squeezed states generated by four-wave mixing in an optical cavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, pp. 2409 (1985).
24. L.-A. Wu, H. J. Kimble, J. L. Hall, and H. Wu, "Generation of squeezed states by parametric down-conversion," Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, pp. 2520-2523 (1986).
25. S. Schiller, G. Breitenbach, S. F. Periera, T. Müller and J. Mlynek, Quantum statistics of the squeezed vacuum by measurement of the density matrix in the number state representation," Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, p. 2933, 1996.
26. K. Schneider, M. Lang, J. Mlynek, S. Schiller, "Generation of strongly squeezed continuous-wave light at 1064 nm," Opt. Exp. 2, pp. 59-64 (1998).
27. P. K. Lam, T. C. Ralph, B. C. Buchler, D. E. McClelland, H.-A. Bachor, and J. Gao, "Optimization and transfer of vacuum squeezing from an optical parametric oscillator," J. Opt. B - Quant. Semiclass. Opt. 1, p. 469, 1999.
28. Y. Furakawa, K. Kitamura, A. Alexandrovski, R. K. Route, and M. M. Fejer, "Green-induced infrared absorption in MgO doped LiNbO3," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, pp. 1970-1972, 2001.
29. W. P. Bowen, R. Schnabel, N. Treps, H.-A. Bachor, and P. K. Lam, "Recovery of continuous wave squeezing at low frequencies," quant-ph/0205097 (2002).
30. H. J. Kimble, Yu. Levin, A. B. Matsko, K. S. Thorne, and S. P. Vyatchanin, "Conversion of conventional gravitational-wave interferometers into QND interferometers by modifying their input and/or output optics," Phys. Rev. D 65, p. 022002, 2002.
31. T. Corbitt and N. Mavalvala, "Optimization of the Advanced LIGO detector to include squeezing," in preparation, 2003.
32. M. Xiao, L.-A. Wu, and H. J. Kimble, "Precision measurement beyond the shot noise limit," Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, pp. 278-281, 1987.
33. K. McKenzie, D. A. Shaddock, D. E. McClelland, B. C. Buchler, and P. K. Lam, "Experimental demonstration of a squeezing-enhanced power-recycled Michelson interferometer for gravitational-wave detection," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, p. 231102, 2002.
34. L. Schnupp, unpublished talk presented at the "European Collabooration Meeting on Interferometric Detection of Gravitational Waves," 1988, Sorrento, Italy.
35. J. Gea-Banacloche and G. Leuchs, "Squeezed states for interferometric gravitational-wave detectors," J. Mod. Opt. 34, p. 793-811, 1987.
36. V. Chickarmane, S. V. Dhurandhar, T. C. Ralph, M. Gray, H.-A. Bachor, and D. E. McClelland, "Squeezed light in a frontal-phase-modulated signal-recycled interferometer," Phys. Rev. A 57, pp. 3898-3912, 1998.
37. P. Purdue and Y. Chen, private communication, 2003.
38. A. Buonanno, Y. Chen, and N. Mavalvala, "Quantum noise in laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors with a heterodyne readout scheme," accepted to Phys. Rev. D, 2003 (gr-qc/0302041).
39. J. Harms, Y. Chen, S. Chelkowski, A. Franzen, H. Vahlbruch, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel, "Squeezed-input, optical-spring, signal-recycled gravitational-wave detectors," gr-qc/0303066.
40. V. B. Braginsky and F. Ya. Khalili, "Speed," Phys. Lett. A 147, p. 251, 1990
41. V. B. Braginsky, M. L. Gorodetsky, F. Ya. Khalili, K. S. Thorne, "Dual resonator speed meter for a free test mass," Phys. Rev. D 61, p. 044002, 2000.