The misuse of licensing evidence in fair use analysis: New technologies, new markets, and the courts

California Law Review

Volumn 88, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 1147-

  Africa, Matthew ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0042761645     PISSN: 00081221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3481256     Document Type: Review

References (2)

1. The first copyright statute, the Copyright Act of 1790, protected only books, maps and charts. See Act of May 31, 1790, ch. 15, § 1, 1 Stat. 124, 124 (repealed 1802). Over time, the statute has expanded to protect works of visual art, music, choreography, architecture, sound recordings, photography, film, and computer programs, among others. The statute now protects all "original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, now known or later developed, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device." 17 U.S.C. § 102(a) (1994).
2. See Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony, 111 U.S. 53, 58 (1884) (finding photograph protected by copyright).