Perfectionism, anxiety, and depression: Are the relationships independent?

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 291-301

  Kawamura, Kathleen Y ^a   Hunt, Sandra L ^a   Frost, Randy O ^b   DiBartolo, Patricia Marten ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^b SMITH COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

anxiety; depression; perfectionism

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALADJUSTMENT; MALE; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PERFECTIONISM; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; SOCIAL PHOBIA;

EID: 0042755820     PISSN: 01475916     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1010736529013     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Antony, M. M., Purdon, C., Huta, V., & Swinson, R. (1998). Dimensions of perfectionism across the anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 1143-1154.
2. Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy for depression. New York: Guilford Press.
3. Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1987). Beck Depression Inventory manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp.
4. Bieling, P. J., Antony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: Structure and content re-examined. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 777-788.
5. Blankstein, K. R., Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & Eng, A. (1993). Dimensions of perfectionism and irrational fears: An examination with the Fear Survey Schedule. Personality and Individual Differences, 15, 323-328.
6. Burns, G. L., Keortge, S. G., Formea, G. M., & Sternberger, L. E. (1996). Revision of the Padua Inventory of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Distinctions between worry, obsessions, and compulsions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 163-173.
7. Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (1999). Perfectionism and depression: Symptom severity in major depressive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 783-794.
8. Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Endler, N. S., & Tassone, C. (1995). Perfectionism and components of state and trait anxiety. Current Psychology: Developmental-Learning Personality-Social, 13, 326-350.
9. Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R., Holt, C., Mattia, J., & Neubauer, A. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 119-126.
10. Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 14, 449-468.
11. Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (1997). Perfectionism in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 683-692.
12. Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456-470.
13. Juster, H. R., Heimberg, R. G., Frost, R. O., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. L. & Faccenda, K. (1996). Social phobia and perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 403-410.
14. Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the fear of negative evaluation scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371-375.
15. Metzger, R. L. (1976). A reliability and validity study of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32, 276-278.
16. Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487-495.
17. Minarek, M. L., & Ahrens, A. H. (1996). Relations of eating behavior and symptoms of depression and anxiety to the dimensions of perfectionism among undergraduate women. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 20, 155-169.
18. Reiss, S., & McNally, R. J. (1985). The expectancy model of fear. In S. Reiss, & R. R. Bootzin, (Eds.), Theoretical issues in behavior therapy (pp. 107-121). New York: Academic Press.
19. Samolewicz, A., DiBartolo, P. M., & Prins, A. (1996. November). The measurement of trauma concealment and its relationship to perfectionism. Paper presented at the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, San Francisco, California.
20. Sanavio, E. (1988). Obsessions and compulsions: The Padua Inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26, 169-177.
21. Speilberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. C., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists.
22. Stöber, J., & Joorman, J. (in press). Worry, procrastination, and perfectionism: Differentiating worry from anxiety and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research.
23. Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Dancu, C. V., & Stanley, M. A. (1989). An empirically derived inventory to measure social fears and anxiety: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1, 35-40.
24. Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 448-457.
25. Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1993, October). The PTSD Checklist: Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, Texas.