The diabetes risk score: A practical tool to predict type 2 diabetes risk

Diabetes Care

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 725-731

  Lindström, Jaana ^a   Tuomilehto, Jaakko ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDIABETIC AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREDICTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; STATISTICAL MODEL; VALIDATION PROCESS;

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; REGISTRIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0042743790     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.3.725     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX, Hu ZX, Lin J, Xiao JZ, Cao HB, Liu PA, Jiang XG, Jiang YY, Wang JP, Zheng H, Zhang H, Bennett PH, Howard BV: Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 20:537-544, 1997
2. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson J, Valle T, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Laakso M, Louheranta A, Rastas M, Salminen V, Uusitupa M, Aunola S, Cepaitis Z, Moltchanov V, Hakumäki M, Mannelin M, Martikkala V: Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 344:1343-1350, 2001
3. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group: Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346:393-403, 2002
4. DECODE Study Group: Will new diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus change the phenotype of patients with diabetes? Reanalysis of European epidemiological data. BMJ 317:371-375, 1998
5. Salomaa V, Korhonen HJ, Tuomilehto J, Vartiainen E, Pietinen P, Kartovaara L, Gref CG, Nissinen A, Puska P: Serum cholesterol distribution, measurement frequency and cholesterol awareness in three geographical areas of Finland. Eur Heart J 11:294-301, 1990
6. Tuomilehto J, Korhonen HJ, Kartovaara L, Salomaa V, Stengård JH, Pitkänen M, Aro A, Javela K, Uusitupa M, Pitkäniemi J: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the middle-aged population of three areas in Finland. Int J Epidemiol 20:1010-1017, 1991
7. Vartiainen E, Korhonen HJ, Pietinen P, Tuomilehto J, Kartovaara L, Nissmen A, Puska P: Fifteen-year trends in coronary risk factors in Finland, with special reference to North Karelia. Int J Epidemiol 20:651-662, 1991
8. Tuomilehto J, Arstila M, Kaarsalo E, Kankaanpää J, Ketonen M, Kuulasmaa K, Lehto S, Miettinen H, Mustaniemi H, Palomäki P, Puska P, Pyörälä K, Salomaa V, Torppa J, Vuorenmaa T: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Finland: baseline data from the FINMONICA AMI register in 1983-1985. Eur Heart J 13:577-587, 1992
9. Vartiainen E, Puska P, Pekkanen J, Tuomilehto J, Jousilahti P: Changes in risk factors explain changes in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland. BMJ 309:23-27, 1994
10. Lowry R: Clinical Calculator 1 from an observed sample: estimates of population prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios, 2001. Available from http://faculty.vassar.edu/lowry/clinl.html. Accessed 20 December 2001
11. Silman AJ: Epidemiological Studies: A Practical Guide. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 1995
12. Alberti K, Zimmet P, for a WHO Consultation: Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999
13. Lean M, Han T, Morrison C: Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management. BMJ 311:158-161, 1995
14. American Diabetes Association: Screening for diabetes. Diabetes Care 25:21S-24S, 2002
15. Herman WH, Smith PJ, Thompson TJ, Engelgau MM, Aubert R: A new and simple questionnaire to identify persons at increased risk for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 18:382-387, 1995
16. Ruige JB, de Neeling JN, Kostense PJ, Bouter LM, Heine RJ: Performance of an NIDDM screening questionnaire based on symptoms and risk factors. Diabetes Care 20:491-496, 1997
17. Baan CA, Ruige JB, Stolk RP, Witteman JC, Dekker JM, Heine RJ, Feskens EJ: Performance of a predictive model to identify undiagnosed diabetes in a health care setting. Diabetes Care 22:213-219, 1999
18. Griffin S, Little P, Hales C, Kinmonth A, Wareham N: Diabetes risk score: towards earlier detection of type 2 diabetes in general practice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 16:164-171, 2000
19. Lawrence J, Bennett P, Young A, Robinson A: Screening for diabetes in general practice: cross sectional population study. BMJ 323:548-551, 2001
20. Park PJ, Griffin SJ, Sargeant L, Wareham NJ: The performance of a risk score in predicting undiagnosed hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care 25:984-988, 2002
21. Rolandsson O, Hägg E, Nilson M, Hallmans G, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Lernmark Å: Prediction of diabetes with body mass index, oral glucose tolerance test and islet cell autoantibodies in a regional population. J Intern Med 249:279-288, 2001
22. Stern MP, Williams K, Haffner SM: Identification of persons at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: do we need the oral glucose tolerance test? Ann Intern Med 136:575-581, 2002
23. Rich S: Mapping genes in diabetes: genetic epidemiological perspective. Diabetes 39:1315-1319, 1990
24. Kekäläinen P, Pyörälä K, Sarlund H, Laakso M: Hyperinsulinemia cluster predicts the development of type 2 diabetes independently of family history of diabetes. Diabetes Care 22:86-92, 1999
25. Buchanan T, Kjos S: Gestational diabetes: risk or myth? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:1854-1857, 1999
26. Jacob Reichelt AA, Ferraz TM, Rocha Oppermann ML, Costa e Forti A, Duncan BB, Fleck Pessoa E, Schmidt MI: Detecting glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes: inadequacy of fasting glucose alone and risk associated with gestational diabetes and second trimester waist-hip-ratio. Diabetologia 45:455-457, 2002
27. Kim C, Newton KM, Knopp RH: Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 25:1862-1868, 2002
28. Lynch J, Helmrich S, Lakka TA, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Salonen R, Salonen JT: Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men. Arch Intern Med 156:1307-1314, 1996
29. Hu FB, Sigal RJ, Rich-Edwards J, Colditz GA, Solomon CG, Willett W, Speizer FE, Manson JE: Walking compared with vigorous physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. JAMA 282:1433-1439, 1999
30. Feskens EJ, Virtanen SM, Räsänen L, Tuomilehto J, Stengård J, Pekkanen J, Nissinen A, Kromhout D: Dietary factors determining diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance: a 20-year follow-up of the Finnish and Dutch cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Diabetes Care 18:1104-1112, 1995
31. Feskens E, van Dam R: Dietary fat and the etiology of type 2 diabetes: an epidemiological perspective. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 9:87-95, 1999
32. Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Liu S, Solomon CG, Willet WC: Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N Engl J Med 345:790-797, 2001
33. Valle T, Tuomilehto J, Eriksson J: Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in Europids. In International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus. 2nd ed. Alberti K, Zimmet P, DeFronzo R, Keen H, Eds. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1997, p. 125-142
34. Harris MI, Flegal KM, Cowie CC, Eberhardt MS, Goldstein DE, Little RR, Wiedmeyer H-M, Byrd-Holt DD: Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994. Diabetes Care 21:518-524, 1998
35. DECODE Study Group: Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. Lancet 354:617-621, 1999
36. DECODE Study Group: Glucose tolerance and cardiovascular mortality comparison of fasting and 2-hour diagnostic criteria. Arch Intern Med 161:397-404, 2001
37. Finnish Diabetes Association: Development programme for the prevention and care of diabetes in Finland 2000-2010, 2001. Available fromhttp://www.diabetes.fi/english/programme/. Accessed 30 October 2002