Factors influencing orientations of covalently-attached and doped aromatic groups in stretched polyethylene films

Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Volumn 107, Issue 29, 2003, Pages 7015-7025

  Wang, Caihua ^a   Xu, Jinqi ^a   Weiss, Richard G ^a  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; COMPOSITION EFFECTS; CRYSTAL ORIENTATION; DOPING (ADDITIVES); INTERFACES (MATERIALS); PLASTIC FILMS; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

AMORPHOUS REGIONS; COVALENTLY ATTACHED AROMATIC GROUPS; CRYSTALLITE SURFACES; POLYMER CHAINS; STRETCH-INDUCED ORIENTATION;

POLYETHYLENES;

EID: 0042674391     PISSN: 15206106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp034493g     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Jablonski, A. Nature 1934, 133, 140.
2. For a comprehensive review, see: Thulstrup, E. W.; Michl, J. J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 82.
3. (a) Konwerska-Hrabowska, J.; Chantry, G. W.; Nicol, E. A. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves 1981, 2, 1135.
4. (b) Radziszewski, J. G.; Michl, J. J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 2934.
5. (a) Thulstrup, E. W.; Eggers, J. H. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1968, 1, 690.
6. (b) Thulstrup, E. W.; Michl, J.; Eggers, J. H. J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 3868.
7. (c) Michl, J.; Thulstrup, E. W. Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 192.
8. (d) Michl, J.; Thulstrup, E. W. Spectroscopy with Polarized light. Solute Alignment by Photoselection in Liquid Crystals, Polymers and Membranes; VCH: New York, 1986.
9. (e) Thulstrup, E. W.; Michl, J. Elementary Polarization Spectroscopy; VCH: New York, 1989.
10. Thulstrup, E. W.; Michl, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 5594.
11. Konwerska-Hrabowska, J. Appl. Spectrosc. 1985, 39, 434.
12. (a) Jang, Y. T.; Phillips, P. J.; Thulstrup, E. W. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1982, 93, 66.
13. (b) Parikh, D.; Phillips, P. J. J. Chem. Phys. 1985, 83, 1948.
14. (c) Phillips, P. J. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 425.
15. Lont, T. M.; Swager, T. M. Adv. Mater. 2001, 13, 601.
16. Konwerska-Hrabowska, J.; Eggers, J. H. Spectrosc. Lett. 1977, 10, 441.
17. (a) Yogev, A.; Margulies, L.; Amar, D.; Mazur, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 4558.
18. (b) Yogev, A.; Riboid, J.; Mareno, J.; Mazur, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 4559.
19. (c) Margulies, L.; Yogev, A. Chem. Phys. 1978, 27, 89.
20. He, Z.; Hammond, G. S.; Weiss, R. G. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 1568.
21. Talhavini, M.; Atvars, T. D. Z.; Schurr, O.; Weiss, R. G. Polymer 1998, 29, 3221.
22. Materials Data Inc., Release 5.0.35 (SPS), Livermore, CA.
23. Zimerman, O. E.; Cui, C.; Wang, X.; Atvars, T. D. Z.; Weiss, R. G. Polymer 1998, 39, 1177.
24. Kluge, R.; Schulc, M.; Liebsh, S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 5773.
25. Ho, T.-L.; Wong, C. M. Synthesis 1972, 562.
26. Huang, M. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3301.
27. Perrin, D. D.; Amarego, W. L. Purification of Laboratory Chemicals, 3rd ed.; Pergamon: New York, 1988; p 267.
28. Zimerman, O. E.; Weiss, R. G. J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 9794.
29. Josephy, E., Radt, F., Eds. Elsevier's Encyclopedia of Organic Chemistry; Series III, Vol. 14; Elsevier: New York, 1940; p 379.
30. Jamison, T. F.; Lubell, W. D.; Dener, J. M.; Krisché, M. J.; Rapoport, H. In Organic Syntheses, Collective Volume IX; Freeman, J. P., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1998; pp 103-106.
31. Ciganek, E. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 1497.
32. Wiesler, W. T.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5574.
33. Acton, N.; Berliner, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 3312.
34. Boyer, J. H.; Schoen, W. In Organic Syntheses, Collective Volume IV; Rabjohn, N., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1967; p 532.
35. (a) Miyaura, N.; Ishiyama, T.; Ishikawa, M.; Suzuki, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 6369.
36. (b) Esteban, G.; López-Sánchez, M. A.; Martínez, M. E.; Plumet, J. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 197.
37. Silva, S.; Olea, A. F.; Thomas, J. K. Photochem. Photobiol. 1991, 54, 511.
38. Wang, C.; Weiss, R. G. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 7032.
39. Steenstrup, F. R.; Christensen, K.; Svane, C.; Thulstrup, E. W. J. Mol. Struct. 1997, 408/409, 139.
40. Hyperchem 5.1, Hypercube Inc.: Gainesville, FL, 1997.
41. (a) Ravve, A. Principles of Polymer Chemistry; 1995; p 223.
42. (b) Lazár, M.; Rychlxc6, J. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1992, 102, 190.
43. (c) Schnabel, W. Polymer Degradation: Principles and Practical Applications; Hanser: Wien, 1981; p 17.
44. Gregory, D. D.; Wan, Z.; Jenks, W. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 94.
45. Zimerman, O. E.; Weiss, R. G. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5364.
46. Gilbert, A.; Baggott, J. Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1991; p 168.
47. Michl, J.; Thulstrup, E. W.; Eggers, J. H. Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 575.
48. (a) Ham, J. S. J. Chem. Phys. 1953, 21, 756.
49. (b) Platt, J. R. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 1962. 9, 288.
50. Konwerska-Hrabowska, J. Appl. Spectrosc. 1985, 39, 976.
51. -5 M concentration sample had reasonably strong emission signals before stretching, it exhibited a very poor signal-to-noise ratio after stretching, even in the absence of a polarizer. Measurement of the fluorescence spectra in the presence of two polarizers was not possible.
52. Langkilde, F. W.; Thulstrup, E. W.; Michl, J. J. Chem. Phys. 1983, 78, 3372.
53. 29
54. Langkilde, F. W.; Gisin, M.; Thulstrup, E. W.; Michl, J. J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 97, 2901.
55. Gu, W.; Hill, A. J.; Wang, X.; Cui, C.; Weiss, R. G. Macromolecules 2000, 33, 7801.
56. Wang, C.; Weiss, R. G. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 3833.