'Exquisite atmography': Theories of the world and experiences of the weather in a diary of 1703

British Journal for the History of Science

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 149-171

  Golinski, Jan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0042670556     PISSN: 00070874     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0007087401004344     Document Type: Article

References (125)

1. 1703 Weather Diary, Lancing College Archives, Lancing, West Sussex, [hereafter 1703 Diary], 242. Page numberings are as given on the pages of the manuscript volume, from 241 to 448, with four unnumbered pages at the end.
2. 1703 Diary, 272.
3. 1703 Diary, 357.
4. 1703 Diary, 420.
5. 1703 Diary, 439, 280.
6. See, especially, Stuart Sherman, Telling Time: Clocks, Diaries, and English Diurnal Form, 1660-1785, Chicago, 1996.
7. P. R. Zealley, 'A florid weather diary, Worcestershire, 1703', The Meteorological Magazine (1924), 59, 91-2; idem, 'A florid weather diary', Weather (1970), 25, 555.
8. P. R. Zealley, 'A florid weather diary, Worcestershire, 1703', The Meteorological Magazine (1924), 59, 91-2; idem, 'A florid weather diary', Weather (1970), 25, 555.
9. The inscription reads, 'To Mr Thomas Barker from his Very affectionate & obliged Kinsman, J. Whiston, Sept. 2nd 1746. Ex Bibliotheca Hen. Bland, D.D., Decani Dunelm: & Coll. Eton. Praepositi'. For Barker, see John Kington (ed.), The Weather Journals of a Rutland Squire: Thomas Barker of Lyndon Hall (Rutland Record Series, no. 2), Oakland, 1988. For Bland, see R. A. A. Leigh, The Eton College Register, 1698-1752, Eton, 1927. Enquiries at the Eton College Archives have revealed no further sources on Bland.
10. The inscription reads, 'To Mr Thomas Barker from his Very affectionate & obliged Kinsman, J. Whiston, Sept. 2nd 1746. Ex Bibliotheca Hen. Bland, D.D., Decani Dunelm: & Coll. Eton. Praepositi'. For Barker, see John Kington (ed.), The Weather Journals of a Rutland Squire: Thomas Barker of Lyndon Hall (Rutland Record Series, no. 2), Oakland, 1988. For Bland, see R. A. A. Leigh, The Eton College Register, 1698-1752, Eton, 1927. Enquiries at the Eton College Archives have revealed no further sources on Bland.
11. 1703 Diary, 423.
12. J. W. Willis-Bund and H. A. Doubleday (eds.), The Victoria History of the County of Worcester, 5 vols., London, 1901-26, iii, 425-6. William Bradbrook, History of the Parish of Inkberrow, Worcester, [1903?] gives summaries of the documents relating to the sale of the manor. Robert Hunt and Ruth Jackson, More About Inkberrow, Inkberrow, [1976?] adds further details. A drawing of the house, made in 1811, is printed in the same authors' Inkberrow Ways, Inkberrow, n.d., 39.
13. J. W. Willis-Bund and H. A. Doubleday (eds.), The Victoria History of the County of Worcester, 5 vols., London, 1901-26, iii, 425-6. William Bradbrook, History of the Parish of Inkberrow, Worcester, [1903?] gives summaries of the documents relating to the sale of the manor. Robert Hunt and Ruth Jackson, More About Inkberrow, Inkberrow, [1976?] adds further details. A drawing of the house, made in 1811, is printed in the same authors' Inkberrow Ways, Inkberrow, n.d., 39.
14. J. W. Willis-Bund and H. A. Doubleday (eds.), The Victoria History of the County of Worcester, 5 vols., London, 1901-26, iii, 425-6. William Bradbrook, History of the Parish of Inkberrow, Worcester, [1903?] gives summaries of the documents relating to the sale of the manor. Robert Hunt and Ruth Jackson, More About Inkberrow, Inkberrow, [1976?] adds further details. A drawing of the house, made in 1811, is printed in the same authors' Inkberrow Ways, Inkberrow, n.d., 39.
15. J. W. Willis-Bund and H. A. Doubleday (eds.), The Victoria History of the County of Worcester, 5 vols., London, 1901-26, iii, 425-6. William Bradbrook, History of the Parish of Inkberrow, Worcester, [1903?] gives summaries of the documents relating to the sale of the manor. Robert Hunt and Ruth Jackson, More About Inkberrow, Inkberrow, [1976?] adds further details. A drawing of the house, made in 1811, is printed in the same authors' Inkberrow Ways, Inkberrow, n.d., 39.
16. This likelihood is the main reason for my proceeding on the assumption that the author was male, a supposition supported by the lack of reference to domestic circumstances in the diary. Although I have considered that the diarist might have been a woman - an intriguing possibility which, if demonstrated, would call for substantial reinterpretation of the document - there is nothing to support this at present. Valuable information about women who kept various kinds of technical and philosophical journals can be found in Lynette Hunter and Sarah Hutton (eds.), Women, Science, and Medicine, 1500-1700: Mothers and Sisters of the Royal Society, Stroud, Gloucestershire, 1997. For a female weather diarist of the late eighteenth century, see D. A. Wheeler, 'Margaret Mackenzie of Delvine, Perthshire: a biographical note on an eighteenth-century weather observer', Journal of Meteorology [UK] (1994), 19, 79-86.
17. This likelihood is the main reason for my proceeding on the assumption that the author was male, a supposition supported by the lack of reference to domestic circumstances in the diary. Although I have considered that the diarist might have been a woman - an intriguing possibility which, if demonstrated, would call for substantial reinterpretation of the document - there is nothing to support this at present. Valuable information about women who kept various kinds of technical and philosophical journals can be found in Lynette Hunter and Sarah Hutton (eds.), Women, Science, and Medicine, 1500-1700: Mothers and Sisters of the Royal Society, Stroud, Gloucestershire, 1997. For a female weather diarist of the late eighteenth century, see D. A. Wheeler, 'Margaret Mackenzie of Delvine, Perthshire: a biographical note on an eighteenth-century weather observer', Journal of Meteorology [UK] (1994), 19, 79-86.
18. John Foster, Alumni Oxonienses: The Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714, 4 vols., Oxford, 1891. A visit to the Balliol College archives yielded no further information about Thomas Appletree. There is information about the Deddington branch of the family in L. F. Salzman (general editor) The Victoria History of the County of Oxford, 13 vols., London, 1939-96, ix (ed. Mary Lobel and Alan Crossley), 92-3. There is no information in Thomas Hearne, Remarks and Collections, 11 vols., Oxford, 1885-1918; Anthony à Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, 3rd edn. (ed. Philip Bliss), 4 vols., London, 1813-20; or idem, Fasti Oxonienses, 3rd edn. (ed. Philip Bliss), London, 1815.
19. John Foster, Alumni Oxonienses: The Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714, 4 vols., Oxford, 1891. A visit to the Balliol College archives yielded no further information about Thomas Appletree. There is information about the Deddington branch of the family in L. F. Salzman (general editor) The Victoria History of the County of Oxford, 13 vols., London, 1939-96, ix (ed. Mary Lobel and Alan Crossley), 92-3. There is no information in Thomas Hearne, Remarks and Collections, 11 vols., Oxford, 1885-1918; Anthony à Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, 3rd edn. (ed. Philip Bliss), 4 vols., London, 1813-20; or idem, Fasti Oxonienses, 3rd edn. (ed. Philip Bliss), London, 1815.
20. John Foster, Alumni Oxonienses: The Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714, 4 vols., Oxford, 1891. A visit to the Balliol College archives yielded no further information about Thomas Appletree. There is information about the Deddington branch of the family in L. F. Salzman (general editor) The Victoria History of the County of Oxford, 13 vols., London, 1939-96, ix (ed. Mary Lobel and Alan Crossley), 92-3. There is no information in Thomas Hearne, Remarks and Collections, 11 vols., Oxford, 1885-1918; Anthony à Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, 3rd edn. (ed. Philip Bliss), 4 vols., London, 1813-20; or idem, Fasti Oxonienses, 3rd edn. (ed. Philip Bliss), London, 1815.
21. John Foster, Alumni Oxonienses: The Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714, 4 vols., Oxford, 1891. A visit to the Balliol College archives yielded no further information about Thomas Appletree. There is information about the Deddington branch of the family in L. F. Salzman (general editor) The Victoria History of the County of Oxford, 13 vols., London, 1939-96, ix (ed. Mary Lobel and Alan Crossley), 92-3. There is no information in Thomas Hearne, Remarks and Collections, 11 vols., Oxford, 1885-1918; Anthony à Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, 3rd edn. (ed. Philip Bliss), 4 vols., London, 1813-20; or idem, Fasti Oxonienses, 3rd edn. (ed. Philip Bliss), London, 1815.
22. John Foster, Alumni Oxonienses: The Members of the University of Oxford, 1500-1714, 4 vols., Oxford, 1891. A visit to the Balliol College archives yielded no further information about Thomas Appletree. There is information about the Deddington branch of the family in L. F. Salzman (general editor) The Victoria History of the County of Oxford, 13 vols., London, 1939-96, ix (ed. Mary Lobel and Alan Crossley), 92-3. There is no information in Thomas Hearne, Remarks and Collections, 11 vols., Oxford, 1885-1918; Anthony à Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, 3rd edn. (ed. Philip Bliss), 4 vols., London, 1813-20; or idem, Fasti Oxonienses, 3rd edn. (ed. Philip Bliss), London, 1815.
23. Hanbury Parish Register and Will of Thomas Appletree, in Hereford and Worcestershire Record Office.
24. 1703 Diary, 403.
25. 1703 Diary, 447, 358.
26. 1703 Diary, 357.
27. 1703 Diary, 358.
28. 1703 Diary, 269.
29. 1703 Diary, 248.
30. 1703 Diary, 326.
31. 1703 Diary, 358.
32. 1703 Diary, 349, 290.
33. 1703 Diary, 255.
34. 1703 Diary, 376.
35. 1703 Diary, 335.
36. 1703 Diary, 296, 313, 325, 361, 363, 387, 435 (a partial list of references).
37. R. T. Gunther, Early Science in Oxford, 14 vols., Oxford, 1923-45, i, 43-51; R. F. Overnell, The Ashmolean Museum 1683-1894, Oxford, 1986, 23; A. V. Simcock, The Ashmolean Museum and Oxford Science 1683-1983, Oxford, 1984, 7-10; Anita Guerrini, 'Chemistry teaching at Oxford and Cambridge, circa 1700', in Alchemy and Chemistry in the 16th and 17th Centuries (ed. P. Rattansi and A. Clericuzio), Dordrecht, 1994, 183-99.
38. R. T. Gunther, Early Science in Oxford, 14 vols., Oxford, 1923-45, i, 43-51; R. F. Overnell, The Ashmolean Museum 1683-1894, Oxford, 1986, 23; A. V. Simcock, The Ashmolean Museum and Oxford Science 1683-1983, Oxford, 1984, 7-10; Anita Guerrini, 'Chemistry teaching at Oxford and Cambridge, circa 1700', in Alchemy and Chemistry in the 16th and 17th Centuries (ed. P. Rattansi and A. Clericuzio), Dordrecht, 1994, 183-99.
39. R. T. Gunther, Early Science in Oxford, 14 vols., Oxford, 1923-45, i, 43-51; R. F. Overnell, The Ashmolean Museum 1683-1894, Oxford, 1986, 23; A. V. Simcock, The Ashmolean Museum and Oxford Science 1683-1983, Oxford, 1984, 7-10; Anita Guerrini, 'Chemistry teaching at Oxford and Cambridge, circa 1700', in Alchemy and Chemistry in the 16th and 17th Centuries (ed. P. Rattansi and A. Clericuzio), Dordrecht, 1994, 183-99.
40. R. T. Gunther, Early Science in Oxford, 14 vols., Oxford, 1923-45, i, 43-51; R. F. Overnell, The Ashmolean Museum 1683-1894, Oxford, 1986, 23; A. V. Simcock, The Ashmolean Museum and Oxford Science 1683-1983, Oxford, 1984, 7-10; Anita Guerrini, 'Chemistry teaching at Oxford and Cambridge, circa 1700', in Alchemy and Chemistry in the 16th and 17th Centuries (ed. P. Rattansi and A. Clericuzio), Dordrecht, 1994, 183-99.
41. Christ Church Library MS. 427, f. 21, quoted in Robert G. Frank, Jr., 'Medicine', in The History of the University of Oxford, vol. 4: Seventeenth-Century Oxford (ed. Nicholas Tyacke), Oxford, 1997, 359-448, 427.
42. Frank, op. cit. (28), 432-4.
43. 1703 Diary, 312.
44. Henry Guerlac, 'The poets' nitre', Isis (1954), 45, 243-55; Allen G. Debus, 'The Paracelsian aerial niter', Isis (1964), 55, 43-61; Robert G. Frank, Jr., Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists: Scientific Ideas and Social Interaction, California, 1978, 117-28, 221-45. Nitre was a frequent preoccupation of Oxford chemists for more than a century, since it regularly effloresced from the walls of the laboratory, which had been built on ground contaminated by waste from the Exeter College 'privy house'. See Simcock, op. cit. (27), 5, 30 n52.
45. Henry Guerlac, 'The poets' nitre', Isis (1954), 45, 243-55; Allen G. Debus, 'The Paracelsian aerial niter', Isis (1964), 55, 43-61; Robert G. Frank, Jr., Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists: Scientific Ideas and Social Interaction, California, 1978, 117-28, 221-45. Nitre was a frequent preoccupation of Oxford chemists for more than a century, since it regularly effloresced from the walls of the laboratory, which had been built on ground contaminated by waste from the Exeter College 'privy house'. See Simcock, op. cit. (27), 5, 30 n52.
46. Henry Guerlac, 'The poets' nitre', Isis (1954), 45, 243-55; Allen G. Debus, 'The Paracelsian aerial niter', Isis (1964), 55, 43-61; Robert G. Frank, Jr., Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists: Scientific Ideas and Social Interaction, California, 1978, 117-28, 221-45. Nitre was a frequent preoccupation of Oxford chemists for more than a century, since it regularly effloresced from the walls of the laboratory, which had been built on ground contaminated by waste from the Exeter College 'privy house'. See Simcock, op. cit. (27), 5, 30 n52.
47. Henry Guerlac, 'The poets' nitre', Isis (1954), 45, 243-55; Allen G. Debus, 'The Paracelsian aerial niter', Isis (1964), 55, 43-61; Robert G. Frank, Jr., Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists: Scientific Ideas and Social Interaction, California, 1978, 117-28, 221-45. Nitre was a frequent preoccupation of Oxford chemists for more than a century, since it regularly effloresced from the walls of the laboratory, which had been built on ground contaminated by waste from the Exeter College 'privy house'. See Simcock, op. cit. (27), 5, 30 n52.
48. Frances Willmoth, 'John Flamsteed's letter concerning the natural causes of earthquakes', Annals of Science (1987), 44, 23-70.
49. Martin Lister, 'Three papers of Dr Martin Lyster, the first of the nature of earthquakes', Philosophical Transactions (1684), 14 (no. 157), 512-17.
50. 1703 Diary, 383, 412.
51. Ralph Bohun, A Discourse Concerning the Origine and Properties of Wind, Oxford, 1671, 23-6.
52. Charles Leigh, The Natural History of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Peak in Derbyshire, Oxford, 1700, 6, 13; Robert Plot, The Natural History of Staffordshire, Oxford, 1686, 26.
53. Charles Leigh, The Natural History of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Peak in Derbyshire, Oxford, 1700, 6, 13; Robert Plot, The Natural History of Staffordshire, Oxford, 1686, 26.
54. 1703 Diary, 434, 254.
55. 1703 Diary, 255.
56. 1703 Diary, 291.
57. 1703 Diary, 256.
58. 1703 Diary, 366.
59. 1703 Diary, 365.
60. 1703 Diary, 389.
61. R. T. Gunther, Early Science in Oxford, vol. XIV: Life and Letters of Edward Lhwyd, Oxford, 1945, 283 (see also 159, 268, 278).
62. 1703 Diary, 260.
63. 1703 Diary, 256.
64. 1703 Diary, 366.
65. A. Gifford, A Sermon in Commemoration of the Great Storm, London, 1733, 24.
66. [Anon.], The Terrible Stormy Wind and Tempest, London, 1705, 8.
67. 'Part of a letter from John Fuller of Sussex, Esq., concerning a strange effect of the late great storm in that county', Philosophical Transactions (1704-5), 24 (no. 289), 1530; 'A letter for the Reverend Mr William Derham, F.R.S., containing his observations concerning the late storm', Philosophical Transactions (1704-5), 24 (no. 289), 1530-4; 'Part of a letter from Mr Anthony van Leuwenhoek, F.R.S., giving his observations on the late storm', Philosophical Transactions (1704-5), 24 (no. 289), 1535-7.
68. 'Part of a letter from John Fuller of Sussex, Esq., concerning a strange effect of the late great storm in that county', Philosophical Transactions (1704-5), 24 (no. 289), 1530; 'A letter for the Reverend Mr William Derham, F.R.S., containing his observations concerning the late storm', Philosophical Transactions (1704-5), 24 (no. 289), 1530-4; 'Part of a letter from Mr Anthony van Leuwenhoek, F.R.S., giving his observations on the late storm', Philosophical Transactions (1704-5), 24 (no. 289), 1535-7.
69. 'Part of a letter from John Fuller of Sussex, Esq., concerning a strange effect of the late great storm in that county', Philosophical Transactions (1704-5), 24 (no. 289), 1530; 'A letter for the Reverend Mr William Derham, F.R.S., containing his observations concerning the late storm', Philosophical Transactions (1704-5), 24 (no. 289), 1530-4; 'Part of a letter from Mr Anthony van Leuwenhoek, F.R.S., giving his observations on the late storm', Philosophical Transactions (1704-5), 24 (no. 289), 1535-7.
70. 1703 Diary, 369-70.
71. For these episodes, see Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars (tr. Robert Graves), Harmondsworth, 1996, 4: 51; 1 Kings 18: 36-40.
72. 1703 Diary, 376.
73. 1703 Diary, 388-9.
74. Vladimir Janković, Reading the Skies: A Cultural History of English Weather, 1650-1820, Manchester, 2000. See also Maureen Perkins, Visions of the Future: Almanacs, Time, and Cultural Change 1775-1870, Oxford, 1996, 201-2; Richard Inwards, Weather Lore: A Collection of Proverbs, Sayings, and Rules Concerning the Weather, 3rd edn, London, 1898.
75. Vladimir Janković, Reading the Skies: A Cultural History of English Weather, 1650-1820, Manchester, 2000. See also Maureen Perkins, Visions of the Future: Almanacs, Time, and Cultural Change 1775-1870, Oxford, 1996, 201-2; Richard Inwards, Weather Lore: A Collection of Proverbs, Sayings, and Rules Concerning the Weather, 3rd edn, London, 1898.
76. Vladimir Janković, Reading the Skies: A Cultural History of English Weather, 1650-1820, Manchester, 2000. See also Maureen Perkins, Visions of the Future: Almanacs, Time, and Cultural Change 1775-1870, Oxford, 1996, 201-2; Richard Inwards, Weather Lore: A Collection of Proverbs, Sayings, and Rules Concerning the Weather, 3rd edn, London, 1898.
77. 1703 Diary, 357.
78. 1703 Diary, 387.
79. 1703 Diary, 352.
80. On popular and elite cultures and the relations between them, see Peter Burke, Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe, London, 1978.
81. 1703 Diary, 422.
82. 1703 Diary, 422, 423.
83. 1703 Diary, 427.
84. 1703 Diary, 427.
85. Thomas Robinson, New Observations on the Natural History of this World of Matter and this World of Life, London, 1696, 181.
86. William Hobbs, The Earth Generated and Anatomized (ed. Roy Porter), London, 1981.
87. John Locke, 'Register of the Air', Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS. 48120, ff. 466-531; A. D. Atkinson, 'William Derham, F.R.S. (1657-1735)', Annals of Science (1952), 8, 368-92; Michael Hunter and Annabel Gregory (eds.), An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century: Samuel Jeake of Rye, 1652-1699, Oxford, 1988, 15-16; D. J. Schove and David Reynolds, 'Weather in Scotland, 1659-1660: the diary of Andrew Hay', Annals of Science (1973), 30, 165-78.
88. John Locke, 'Register of the Air', Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS. 48120, ff. 466-531; A. D. Atkinson, 'William Derham, F.R.S. (1657-1735)', Annals of Science (1952), 8, 368-92; Michael Hunter and Annabel Gregory (eds.), An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century: Samuel Jeake of Rye, 1652-1699, Oxford, 1988, 15-16; D. J. Schove and David Reynolds, 'Weather in Scotland, 1659-1660: the diary of Andrew Hay', Annals of Science (1973), 30, 165-78.
89. John Locke, 'Register of the Air', Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS. 48120, ff. 466-531; A. D. Atkinson, 'William Derham, F.R.S. (1657-1735)', Annals of Science (1952), 8, 368-92; Michael Hunter and Annabel Gregory (eds.), An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century: Samuel Jeake of Rye, 1652-1699, Oxford, 1988, 15-16; D. J. Schove and David Reynolds, 'Weather in Scotland, 1659-1660: the diary of Andrew Hay', Annals of Science (1973), 30, 165-78.
90. John Locke, 'Register of the Air', Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS. 48120, ff. 466-531; A. D. Atkinson, 'William Derham, F.R.S. (1657-1735)', Annals of Science (1952), 8, 368-92; Michael Hunter and Annabel Gregory (eds.), An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century: Samuel Jeake of Rye, 1652-1699, Oxford, 1988, 15-16; D. J. Schove and David Reynolds, 'Weather in Scotland, 1659-1660: the diary of Andrew Hay', Annals of Science (1973), 30, 165-78.
91. Gordon Manley, 'The weather and diseases: some eighteenth-century contributions to observational meteorology', Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London (1952), 9, 300-7, quoting Thoresby on 300.
92. 1703 Diary, 354.
93. 1703 Diary, 447.
94. 1703 Diary, 358, 447.
95. Tom Webster, 'Writing to redundancy: approaches to spiritual journals and early-modern spirituality', The Historical Journal (1996), 39, 33-56, 40. See also Michel Foucault, On the genealogy of ethics: an overview of work in progress', in The Foucault Reader (ed. Paul Rabinow), New York, 1984, 340-72; Luther H. Alartin, Huck Gutman and Patrick H. Hutton (eds.), Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault, Amherst, MA, 1988.
96. Tom Webster, 'Writing to redundancy: approaches to spiritual journals and early-modern spirituality', The Historical Journal (1996), 39, 33-56, 40. See also Michel Foucault, On the genealogy of ethics: an overview of work in progress', in The Foucault Reader (ed. Paul Rabinow), New York, 1984, 340-72; Luther H. Alartin, Huck Gutman and Patrick H. Hutton (eds.), Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault, Amherst, MA, 1988.
97. Tom Webster, 'Writing to redundancy: approaches to spiritual journals and early-modern spirituality', The Historical Journal (1996), 39, 33-56, 40. See also Michel Foucault, On the genealogy of ethics: an overview of work in progress', in The Foucault Reader (ed. Paul Rabinow), New York, 1984, 340-72; Luther H. Alartin, Huck Gutman and Patrick H. Hutton (eds.), Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault, Amherst, MA, 1988.
98. 1703 Diary, 249.
99. 1703 Diary, 296.
100. 1703 Diary, 335, 371.
101. 1703 Diary, 409.
102. 1703 Diary, 343.
103. 1703 Diary, 351. A few days later, the author recorded a night rhapsody in which he imagined himself transported among the stars, 'winged by Philosophic curiosity to dive into ye stellar deep celestiall abyss, & penetrate ye intimate recesses, ... & there in raptures descry millions of worlds wich undiscovered lie as yet to Lyncean Telescope or eie' (1703 Diary, 359). Such astronomical fantasy could draw on a distinguished literary inheritance from the seventeenth century, including Kepler's Somnium (1634). For a recent treatment, see Mary Baine Campbell, Wonder and Science: Imagining Worlds in Early Modern Europe, Ithaca and London, 1999.
104. 1703 Diary, 343.
105. 1703 Diary, 402.
106. 1703 Diary, 346.
107. 1703 Diary, 245, 272.
108. 1703 Diary, 346, 412.
109. 1703 Diary, 413.
110. 1703 Diary, 351.
111. On the contemporary critique of 'enthusiasm' as a pathological susceptibility to material influences rather than a genuinely spiritual experience, see Michael Heyd, 'Medical discourse in religious controversy: the case of the critique of "enthusiasm" on the eve of the Enlightenment', Science in Context (1995), 8, 133-57.
112. 1703 Diary, 297.
113. 1703 Diary, 298, 306, 270.
114. 1703 Diary, 383, 327.
115. 1703 Diary, 298.
116. Robinson, op. cit. (64), 109.
117. On Kepler's 'world soul', see Gérard Simon, Kepler, astronome astrologue, Paris, 1979, 44-8. I thank Nicholas Jardine for help with this point.
118. 1703 Diary, 312-13.
119. For example, the four-month gap recorded in Clifton Wintringham, Commentarius Nosologicus: A Treatise on the Study of Diseases (tr. Esme Johnson), Pocklington, 1979, 252.
120. On this topic, see the essays collected in Christopher Lawrence and Steven Shapin (eds.), Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge, Chicago, 1998. See also Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison, 'The image of objectivity', Representations (1992), no. 40, 81-128; Jan Golinski, 'The care of the self and the masculine birth of science', keynote lecture at the conference on 'Metaphysics into Science: Gender and Knowledge in Early Modern Europe', University of Cincinnati/Miami University of Ohio, 6-8 April 2000.
121. On this topic, see the essays collected in Christopher Lawrence and Steven Shapin (eds.), Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge, Chicago, 1998. See also Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison, 'The image of objectivity', Representations (1992), no. 40, 81-128; Jan Golinski, 'The care of the self and the masculine birth of science', keynote lecture at the conference on 'Metaphysics into Science: Gender and Knowledge in Early Modern Europe', University of Cincinnati/Miami University of Ohio, 6-8 April 2000.
122. On this topic, see the essays collected in Christopher Lawrence and Steven Shapin (eds.), Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge, Chicago, 1998. See also Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison, 'The image of objectivity', Representations (1992), no. 40, 81-128; Jan Golinski, 'The care of the self and the masculine birth of science', keynote lecture at the conference on 'Metaphysics into Science: Gender and Knowledge in Early Modern Europe', University of Cincinnati/Miami University of Ohio, 6-8 April 2000.
123. Henry More, Enthusiasmus Triumphatus; Or, a Brief Discourse of The Nature, Causes, Kinds, and Cure of Enthusiasm, London, 1662, 5; [John Trenchard], The Natural History of Superstition, London, 1709, 14.
124. Henry More, Enthusiasmus Triumphatus; Or, a Brief Discourse of The Nature, Causes, Kinds, and Cure of Enthusiasm, London, 1662, 5; [John Trenchard], The Natural History of Superstition, London, 1709, 14.
125. 1703 Diary, 395.