Modification of spectral UV irradiance by clouds

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 107, Issue 16, 2002, Pages AAC-7-1-AAC-7-12

  Schwander, Harry ^a   Koepke, Peter ^a   Kaifel, Anton ^b   Seckmeyer, Gunther ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b ZENTRUM FÜR SONNENENERGIE UND WASSERSTOFF FORSCHUNG BADEN WÜRTTEMBERG ZSW   (Germany)

^c LEIBNIZ UNIVERSITY HANNOVER   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cloud modification factor; Clouds; Neural networks; UV measurement; UV modeling; UV radiation

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; CLIMATOLOGY; CLOUDS; IRRADIATION; NEURAL NETWORKS; PARAMETER ESTIMATION; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK; CLOUD; MEASUREMENT METHOD; PARAMETERIZATION; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; ZENITH ANGLE;

EID: 0042536406     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001JD001297     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. 2, and clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 98(D3), 5199-5204, 1993.
2. Bernhard, G., and G. Seckmeyer, Uncertainty of measurements of spectral UV irradiance, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D12), 14,321-14,345, 1999.
3. Blumthaler, M., and W. Ambach, Effects of cloudiness on global and diffuse irradiance in a high-mountain area, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 50, 23-30, 1994.
4. Bodeker, G. E., and R. L. McKenzie, An algorithm for inferring surface UV irradiance including cloud effects, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 1860-1877, 1996.
5. Bodhaine, B. A., R. L. McKenzie, P. V. Johnston, D. J. Hofmann, E. G. Dutton, R. C. Schnell, J. E. Barnes, S. C. Ryan, and M. Kotkamp, New ultraviolet spectroradiometer measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(16), 2121-2124, 1996.
6. Bordewijk, J. A., H. Slaper, H. A. J. M. Reinen, and E. Schlamann, Total solar radiation and the influence of clouds and aerosols on the biologically effective UV, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(16), 2151-2154, 1995.
7. Borowski, J., A.-T. Chai, T. Mo, and A. E. O. Green, Cloud effects on middle ultraviolet global radiation, Acta Geophys. Pol., 25(4), 287-301, 1977.
8. Burrows, W. R., CART regression models for predicting UV radiation at the ground in the presence of cloud and other environment factors, J. Appl. Meteorol., 36, 531-544, 1997.
9. Cascinelli, N., and R. Marchesini, Increasing incidence of cutaneous melanoma, ultraviolet radiation and the clinician, Photochem. Photobiol., 50(4), 497-505, 1989.
10. Chubarova, N. E., Ultraviolet radiation under broken cloud conditions as inferred from many-year ground-based observations, Atmos. Ocean, 14(1), 131-135, 1998.
11. DeBacker, H., et al., Comparison of measured and modelled UV indices, Meteorol. Appl., 8, 267-277, 2001.
12. Forster, P. M. D. F., Modeling ultraviolet radiation at the Earth's surface, part I, The sensitivity of ultraviolet irradiances to atmospheric changes, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 2412-2425, 1995.
13. Gleason, J. F., P. K. Bhartia, and J. R. Herman, Record low global ozone in 1992, Science, 260, 523-526, 1993.
14. Grant, R. H., and G. M. Heisler, Estimation of ultraviolet-B irradiance under variable cloud conditions, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 904-916, 2000.
15. Hess, M., P. Koepke, and I. Schult, Optical properties of aerosols and clouds: The software package OPAC, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79(5), 831-844, 1998.
16. Hornik, K. M., and R. W. Stincombe, Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators, Neural Networks, 2, 359-366, 1989.
17. Hughes, N. A., Global cloud climatologies: A historical review, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 23, 724-751, 1984.
18. Ito, T., Y. Sakoda, T. Uekubo, H. Naganuma, M. Fukuda, and M. Hayashi, Scientific application of UV-B observations from JMA network, paper presented at 13th UOEH International Symposium and the Second Pan Pacific Cooperative Symposium on Impact and Increased UV-B Exposure on Human Health and Ecosystems, Univ. of Occupational and Environ. Health, Kitakyushu, Japan, 1993.
19. Josefsson, W., and T. Landelius, Effect of clouds on UV irradiance: As estimated from cloud amount, cloud tape, precipitation, global radiation, and sunshine duration, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D4), 4927-4935, 2000.
20. Jurik, M., Backpercolation: Exploiting the duality between signals and weights, report, Jurik Res., Aptos, Calif, 1990.
21. Koepke, P., et al., Comparison of models used for UV index calculations, Photochem. Photobiol., 67(6), 657-662, 1998.
22. Koh, H. K., B. E. Kligler, and R. A. Lew, Sunlight and cutaneous malignant melanoma: Evidence for and against causation, Photochem. Photobiol., 51(6), 765-779, 1990.
23. Kylling, A., A. Albold, and G. Seckmeyer, Transmittance of a cloud is wavelength-dependent in the UV-range: Physical interpretation., Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(4), 397-400, 1997.
24. Laird, J. L., and Harshvardhan, Analysis of cumulus solar irradiance reflectance (CSIR) events, Atmos. Res., 44, 317-332, 1997.
25. Landau, L. J., and J. G. Taylor, Concepts for Neural Networks: A Survey, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998.
26. Mayer, B., and G. Seckmeyer, Retrieving ozone columns from spectral direct and global UV irradiance measurements, in Proceedings of the XVIII Ozone Symposium, L'Aquila, Italy, edited by R. D. Bojkov and G. Visconti, pp. 935-938, Edigrafital S.p.A.-S. Atto, Teramo, Italy, 1998.
27. Mayer, B., G. Seckmeyer, and A. Kylling, Systematic long-term comparison of spectral UV measurements and UVSPEC modeling results, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D7), 8755-8767, 1997.
28. Mims, F. M., and J. E. Frederick, Cumulus clouds and UV-B, Nature, 371, 291, 1994.
29. Ruggaber, A., R. Dlugi, and T. Nakajima, Modelling radiation quantities and photolysis frequencies in the troposphere, J. Atmos. Chem., 18, 171-210, 1994.
30. Schwander, H., P. Koepke, and A. Ruggaber, Uncertainties in modeled UV-irradiances due to limited accuracy and availability of input data, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D8), 9419-9429, 1997.
31. Schwander, H., B. Mayer, A. Ruggaber, A. Albold, G. Seckmeyer, and P. Koepke, Method to determine snow albedo values in the UV for radiative transfer modelling, Appl. Opt., 38(18), 3869-3875, 1999.
32. Schwander, H., A. Kaifel, A. Ruggaber, and P. Koepke, Spectral radiative-transfer modeling with minimized computation time by use of a neural-network technique, Appl. Opt., 40(3), 331-335, 2001.
33. Seckmeyer, G., and G. Bernhard, Cosine error correction of spectral UV-irradiances, Atmos. Radiat., 2049, 140-151, 1993.
34. Seckmeyer, G., et al., Intercomparison of spectral-UV-radiation measurement systems, Appl. Opt., 55(33), 7805-7812, 1994.
35. Seckmeyer, G., et al., Geographical differences in the UV measured by intercompared spectroradiometers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(14), 1889-1892, 1995.
36. Seckmeyer, G., G. Bernhard, B. Mayer, and R. Erb, High-accuracy spectroradiometry of solar ultraviolet radiation, Meteorologia, 32, 697-700, 1996a.
37. Seckmeyer, G., R. Erb, and A. Albold, Transmittance of a cloud is wave-length-dependent in the UV-range, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(20), 2753-2755, 1996b.
38. Stolarski, R. S., P. Bloomfield, R. D. M. Peters, and J. R. Herman, Total ozone trends deduced from Nimbus 7 TOMS data., Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1015-1018, 1991.
39. vanWeele, M., et al., From model intercomparison toward benchmark UV spectra for six real atmospheric cases, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D4), 4915-4925, 2000.
40. Wang, P., and J. Lenoble, Comparison between measurements and modelling of UV-B irradiance for clear sky: A case study, Appl. Opt., 33(18), 3964-3971, 1994.
41. Weihs, P., and A. R. Webb, Accuracy of spectral UV model calculations, 1, Consideration of uncertainties in input parameters, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D1), 1541-1550, 1997.
42. World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Report of the WMO-WHO meeting of experts on standardization of UV indices and their dissemination to the public, Geneva, Switzerland, 1997.
43. Zeng, J., R. McKenzie, K. Stamnes, M. Wineland, and J. Rosen, Measured UV spectra compared with discrete ordinale method simulations, J. Geophys. Res., PP(D11), 23,019-23,030, 1994.