Outbreak of infection with high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (HLGRE) in a Norwegian hospital

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

Volumn 9, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 670-677

  Wendelbo, Øystein ^a   Jureen, R ^a   Eide, G E ^b   Digranes, A ^a   Langeland, N ^a   Harthug, S ^a  

^a HAUKELAND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Enterococcus faecalis; Gentamicin resistance; Outbreak

Indexed keywords

AMIKACIN; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMPICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CARBAPENEM; CEPHALOSPORIN; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLINDAMYCIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; GENTAMICIN; KANAMYCIN; MACROLIDE; MECILLINAM; METRONIDAZOLE; NEOMYCIN; NITROFURANTOIN; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PENICILLIN G; POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; STREPTOMYCIN; TEICOPLANIN; TETRACYCLINE; TRANSFERASE; TRIMETHOPRIM; VANCOMYCIN;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIAL STRAIN; CATHETERIZATION; CLONE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; NORWAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL; WARD;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ENTEROCOCCUS; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS;

EID: 0042527372     PISSN: 1198743X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00668.x     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Fontana R, Ligozzi M, Pittaluga F, Satta G. Intrinsic penicillin resistance in enterococci. Microb Drug Resist 1996; 2(2): 209-13.
2. Rybkine T, Mainardi JL, Sougakoff W, Collatz E, Gutmann L. Penicillin-binding protein 5 sequence alterations in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium with different levels of beta-lactam resistance. J Infect Dis 1998; 178(1): 159-63.
3. Patterson JE, Masecar BL, Zervos MJ. Characterization and comparison of two penicillinase-producing strains of Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988; 32(1): 122-4.
4. Horodniceanu T, Bougueleret L, El-Solh N, Bieth G, Delbos F. High-level, plasmid-borne resistance to gentamicin in Streptococcus faecalis subsp. zymogenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1979; 16(5): 686-9.
5. Mederski-Samoraj BD, Murray BE. High-level resistance to gentamicin in clinical isolates of enterococci. J Infect Dis 1983; 147(4): 751-7.
6. Moellering RC Jr, Wennersten C, Medrek T, Weinberg AN. Prevalence of high-level resistance to aminoglycosides in clinical isolates of enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1970; 10: 335-40.
7. Calderwood SA, Wennersten C, Moellering RC Jr, Kunz LJ, Krogstad DJ. Resistance to six aminoglycosidic aminocyclitol antibiotics among enterococci: prevalence, evolution, and relationship to synergism with penicillin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1977; 12(3): 401-5.
8. Zervos MJ, Kauffman CA, Therasse PM, Bergman AG, Mikesell TS, Schaberg DR. Nosocomial infection by gentamicin-resistant Streptococcus faecalis. An epidemiologic study. Ann Intern Med 1987; 106(5): 687-91.
9. Gordon S, Swenson JM, Hill BC et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common and unusual species of enterococci causing infections in the United States. Enterococcal Study Group. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30(9): 2373-8.
10. Bartoloni A, Stefani S, Orsi A, Nicoletti A, Difonzo AR, Paradisi F. High-level aminoglycoside resistance among enterococci isolated from blood cultures. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992; 29(6): 729-31.
11. Lavery A, Rossney AS, Morrison D, Power A, Keane CT. Incidence and detection of multi-drug-resistant enterococci in Dublin hospitals. J Med Microbiol 1997; 46(2): 150-6.
12. Tsakris A, Pournaras S, Maniatis AN, Douboyas J, Antoniadis A. Increasing prevalence of high-level gentamicin resistance among Enterococci isolated in Greece. Chemotherapy 2001; 47(2): 86-9.
13. Fasola EL, Moody JA, Shanholtzer CJ, Peterson LR. Bactericidal action of gentamicin against enterococci that are sensitive, or exhibit low- or high-level resistance to gentamicin. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 19(1): 57-60.
14. Leclercq R, Dutka-Malen S, Brisson-Noel A et al. Resistance of enterococci to aminoglycosides and glycopeptides. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15(3): 495-501.
15. Eliopoulos GM, Farber BF, Murray BE, Wennersten C, Moellering RC Jr. Ribosomal resistance of clinical enterococcal isolates to streptomycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984; 25(3): 398-9.
16. Hancock RE. Aminoglycoside uptake and mode of action - with special reference to streptomycin and gentamicin. I. Antagonists and mutants. J Antimicrob Chemother 1981; 8(4): 249-76.
17. Standiford HD, De Maine JB, Kirby WM. Antibiotic synergism of enterococci. Relation to inhibitory concentrations. Arch Intern Med 1970; 126(2): 255-9.
18. van Den Braak N, van Belkum A, Kreft D, te Witt R, Verbrugh HA, Endtz HP. The prevalence and clonal expansion of high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococci isolated from blood cultures in a Dutch university hospital. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 44(6): 795-8.
19. Hirji K, Stsiatis A, Metha C. Median unibased estimation for binary data. Am Statistician 1999; 43: 7-11.
20. CYTEL Software Corporation. Logxact 4 for Windows. User manual. Cambridge, MA: CYTEL Software Corporation, 2000.
21. Facklam RR, Sahmo DF, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH. Enterococcus. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1995.
22. Ericsson HM, Sherris JC. Antibiotic sensitivity testing. Report of an international collaborative study. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] Microbiol Immunol 1971; 217(suppl 217): 1+.
23. Bergan T, Bruun JN, Digranes A, Lingaas E, Melby KK, Sander J. Susceptibility testing of bacteria and fungi. Report from the Norwegian Working Group on Antibiotics. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1997; 103: 1-36.
24. Murray BE, Singh KV, Heath JD, Sharma BR, Weinstock GM. Comparison of genomic DNAs of different enterococcal isolates using restriction endonucleases with infrequent recognition sites. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28(9): 2059-63.
25. Dahl KH, Simonsen GS, Olsvik O, Sundsfjord A. Heterogeneity in the vanB gene cluster of genomically diverse clinical strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43(5): 1105-10.
26. Tenover FC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV et al. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33(9): 2233-9.
27. van Asselt GJ, Vliegenthart JS, Petit PL, van de Klundert JA, Mouton RP. High-level aminoglycoside resistance among enterococci and group A streptococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992; 30(5): 651-9.
28. Melhus A, Tjernberg I. First documented isolation of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 1996; 28(2): 191-3.
29. Kjerulf A, Pallesen L, Westh H. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci at a large university hospital in Denmark. Apmis 1996; 104(6): 475-9.
30. Torell E, Fredlund H, Tornquist E, Myhre EB, Sjoberg L, Sundsfjord A. Intrahospital spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 1997; 29(3): 259-63.
31. Harthug S, Digranes A, Hope O, Kristiansen BE, Allum AG, Langeland N. Vancomycin resistance emerging in a clonal outbreak caused by ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Clin Microbiol Infect 2000; 6(1): 19-28.
32. Torfoss D, Aukrust P, Brinch L et al. Carrier rate of resistant enterococci in a tertiary care hospital in Norway. Apmis 1999; 107(6): 545-9.
33. Wade JJ. Enterococcus faecium in hospitals. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 16(2): 113-19.
34. Zervos MJ, Dembinski S, Mikesell T, Schaberg DR. High-level resistance to gentamicin in Streptococcus faecalis: risk factors and evidence for exogenous acquisition of infection. J Infect Dis 1986; 153(6): 1075-83.
35. Simjee S, Manzoor SE, Fraise AP, Gill MJ. Nature of transposon-mediated high-level gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolated in the United Kingdom. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45(5): 565-75.
36. Patterson JE, Sweeney AH, Simms M et al. An analysis of 110 serious enterococcal infections. Epidemiology, antibiotic susceptibility, and outcome. Medicine (Baltimore) 1995; 74(4): 191-200.
37. Maki DG, Agger WA. Enterococcal bacteremia: clinical features, the risk of endocarditis, and management. Medicine (Baltimore) 1988; 67(4): 248-69.
38. Watanakunakorn C, Burkert T. Infective endocarditis at a large community teaching hospital, 1980-90. A review of 210 episodes. Medicine (Baltimore) 1993; 72(2): 90-102.
39. Wells VD, Wong ES, Murray BE, Coudron PE, Williams DS, Markowitz SM. Infections due to betalactamase-producing, high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116(4): 285-92.
40. Gray JW, Pedler SJ. Antibiotic-resistant enterococci. J Hosp Infect 1992; 21(1): 1-14.
41. Handwerger S, Raucher B, Altarac D et al. Nosocomial outbreak due to Enterococcus faecium highly resistant to vancomycin, penicillin, and gentamicin. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 16(6): 750-5.
42. Viagappan M, Holliman RE. Risk factors for acquisition of gentamicin-resistant enterococcal infection: a case-controlled study. Postgrad Med J 1999; 75(884): 342-5.
43. World Health Organization. Oslo: Legemiddelforbruket i Norge 1996-2000. WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, 2000.
44. Axelrod P, Talbot GH. Risk factors for acquisition of gentamicin-resistant enterococci. A multivariate analysis. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149(6): 1397-401.