The contribution of urban subsistence production to incomes in jakarta

Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 1981, Pages 89-96

  Evers, H D ^a  

^a NONE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0042451561     PISSN: 00074918     EISSN: 14727234     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00074918112331334009     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. E.g, E.K. Fisk. ‘The Subsistence Component in National Income Accounts’, The Developing Economies XIII-3, September 1975, pp. 252-279; also by the same author, ‘The Response of Nonmonetary Production Units to Contact with the Exchange Economy’, in Lloyd G Reynolds, Agriculture in Development Theory, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1975
2. Donald McGranahan, International Comparability of Statistics on Income Distribution, UNRISD, Geneva 1979. p. 37
3. The Supas data are derived from a single question which does not expressly ask for own consumption items. The data thus derived must be treated with considerable caution.
4. McGranahan, op. cit., p. 17.
5. ‘The Living Conditions of Municipally Employed Coolies in Batavia in 1937’ in W F Werlheim, (Ed), Ihe Indonesian Town, W van Hoeve, The Hague and 1958. 124.
6. R.M. Sundrum. ‘Changes in Consumption Patterns in Urban Java, 1970–76’, BIES 12. No. 2, July 1977, pp 102-116
7. This figure is based on WHO/FAO calculations for Java. Sayogyo found an average food intake of 1528 calories per day per person in a sample survey of 30 Javanese villages (Sayogyo, Usaha Perbatkan Gizt Keluarga, LPSP, Bogor 1975, reviewed by Anne Booth in BIES XIII, No. 2, July 1977. pp. 117–119)
8. Theoretical issues concerning subsistence production are discussed in H D Evers et al (Ed), Subsistenzproduktton und Akkumulation, Bielefeld Studies in the Sociology of Development, Vol 5, Saarbrucken Verlag Breitenbach, 1979 Some background material in preparation for this survey has been published in Mulyanto Sumardi and H D Evers (Eds), Golongan Miskin di Jakarta, PPSM, Jakarta, Yayasan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, 1979, and Mulyanto Sumardi and H.D, Evers, Urbantsast Masalah Kota Jakarta, PPSM, Yayasan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, 1980 See also H.D. Evers, Subsistence Production and the Jakarta “Floating Mass”, Prisma VIII-17, June 1980 (English edition) pp 27–35, and (Indonesian edition) No. 6. 1980, pp. 35–43.
9. The surveys were closely supervised and directed by Dr Mulyanto Sumardi and the author Detailed findings are reported in a series of papers which are to be published in Mulyanto Sumardi and H.D. Evers (Eds), Kemiskinan dan Kebutuhan Pokok di DKI Jakarta, Yayasan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, Jakarta (inpress).
10. In some cases, selected RT had to be replaced for administrative reasons. Random selection could not always be maintained. The present analysis is based on 9 out of the 10 sub-surveys.
11. According to one of our sub-samples of 120 households, 16.7 per cent of food derived from subsistence production. Coverage of all subsistence goods and services was by no means complete. Valuation of subsistence production, particularly of services, presents special problems since the products and services derived from the subsistence production sector are not sold on the market We have attempted to estimate current local market prices for services and goods consumed. Some sociologists would argue that subsistence production is not directly determined by market forces but by social demand for the satisfaction of basic needs (c.f Georg Elwert and Diana Wong, ‘Subsistence Production and Commodity Production in the Third World’, Review, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1980.
12. Calculated from Oey Astra Meesook, Income, Consumption and Poverty in Thailand, 1962/3 to 1975/6, World Bank Staff Working Paper no. 364, Washington, November 1979, Table DI.
13. The subsistence production index measures subsistence production as a percentage of total household consumption.