메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 10, 2003, Pages 512-522

The adaptive significance of insect gall morphology

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; GALL; INSECT; MORPHOLOGY;

EID: 0042436393     PISSN: 01695347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00247-7     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (648)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 0003687799 scopus 로고
    • J.D. Shorthouse, & O. Rohfritsch. Oxford University Press
    • Shorthouse J.D., Rohfritsch O. Biology of Insect-induced Galls. 1992;Oxford University Press.
    • (1992) Biology of Insect-induced Galls
  • 3
    • 0030992399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology and evolution of galling thrips and their allies
    • Crespi B.J., et al. Ecology and evolution of galling thrips and their allies. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 42:1997;51-71.
    • (1997) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.42 , pp. 51-71
    • Crespi, B.J.1
  • 4
    • 0031992557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetics of social behaviour in Australian gall-forming thrips: Evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequence, adult morphology and behaviour, and gall morphology
    • Crespi B.J., et al. Phylogenetics of social behaviour in Australian gall-forming thrips: evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequence, adult morphology and behaviour, and gall morphology. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 9:1998;163-180.
    • (1998) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.9 , pp. 163-180
    • Crespi, B.J.1
  • 5
    • 0029738319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A carboniferous insect gall: Insight into early ecologic history of the Holometabola
    • Labandeira C.C., Phillips T.L. A carboniferous insect gall: insight into early ecologic history of the Holometabola. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93:1996;8470-8474.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.93 , pp. 8470-8474
    • Labandeira, C.C.1    Phillips, T.L.2
  • 6
    • 0033529817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forty million years of mutualism: Molecular evidence for an Eocene origin of the yucca-yucca moth association
    • Pellmyr O., Leebens-Mack J. Forty million years of mutualism: molecular evidence for an Eocene origin of the yucca-yucca moth association. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96:1999;9178-9183.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.96 , pp. 9178-9183
    • Pellmyr, O.1    Leebens-Mack, J.2
  • 8
    • 0035820283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships, historical biogeography and character evolution of fig-pollinating wasps
    • Machado C.A., et al. Phylogenetic relationships, historical biogeography and character evolution of fig-pollinating wasps. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B. 268:2001;685-694.
    • (2001) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B , vol.268 , pp. 685-694
    • Machado, C.A.1
  • 9
    • 0020870759 scopus 로고
    • The secondary chemistry and complex morphology of galls formed by the Cynipinae. Why and how?
    • Cornell H.V. The secondary chemistry and complex morphology of galls formed by the Cynipinae. Why and how? Am. Midl. Nat. 110:1983;225-234.
    • (1983) Am. Midl. Nat. , vol.110 , pp. 225-234
    • Cornell, H.V.1
  • 10
    • 0002712975 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive nature of insect galls
    • Price P.W., et al. Adaptive nature of insect galls. Environ. Entomol. 16:1987;15-24.
    • (1987) Environ. Entomol. , vol.16 , pp. 15-24
    • Price, P.W.1
  • 11
    • 0001461225 scopus 로고
    • Gall midges (Cecidomyiidae): Classification and biology
    • M.A.J. Williams. Clarendon Press
    • Harris K.M. Gall midges (Cecidomyiidae): classification and biology. Williams M.A.J. Plant Galls: Organisms, Interactions, Populations. 1994;201-211 Clarendon Press.
    • (1994) Plant Galls: Organisms, Interactions, Populations , pp. 201-211
    • Harris, K.M.1
  • 12
    • 0034104891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of gall morphology and host-plant relationships in willow-feeding sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
    • Nyman T., et al. Evolution of gall morphology and host-plant relationships in willow-feeding sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution. 54:2000;526-533.
    • (2000) Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution , vol.54 , pp. 526-533
    • Nyman, T.1
  • 13
    • 0024898684 scopus 로고
    • Parasitoid pressure and the radiation of a gall-forming group (Cecidomyiidae: Asphondylia spp.) on creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)
    • Waring G.L., Price P.W. Parasitoid pressure and the radiation of a gall-forming group (Cecidomyiidae: Asphondylia spp.) on creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). Oecologia. 79:1989;293-299.
    • (1989) Oecologia , vol.79 , pp. 293-299
    • Waring, G.L.1    Price, P.W.2
  • 14
    • 0036006855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The population biology of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
    • Stone G.N., et al. The population biology of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47:2002;633-668.
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.47 , pp. 633-668
    • Stone, G.N.1
  • 17
    • 0032411021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of gall morphology in Australian gall thrips: The evolution of extended phenotypes
    • Crespi B.J., Worobey M. Comparative analysis of gall morphology in Australian gall thrips: the evolution of extended phenotypes. Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution. 52:1998;1686-1696.
    • (1998) Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution , vol.52 , pp. 1686-1696
    • Crespi, B.J.1    Worobey, M.2
  • 18
    • 0028943524 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic evidence that aphids, rather than plants, determine gall morphology
    • Stern D.L. Phylogenetic evidence that aphids, rather than plants, determine gall morphology. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B. 260:1995;85-89.
    • (1995) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B , vol.260 , pp. 85-89
    • Stern, D.L.1
  • 19
    • 0036430173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetics of Australian acacia thrips: The evolution of behaviour and ecology
    • Morris D.C., et al. Phylogenetics of Australian acacia thrips: the evolution of behaviour and ecology. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 25:2002;278-292.
    • (2002) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.25 , pp. 278-292
    • Morris, D.C.1
  • 20
    • 0032493185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of cynipid oak galls: Patterns in the evolution of an extended phenotype
    • Stone G.N., Cook J.M. The structure of cynipid oak galls: patterns in the evolution of an extended phenotype. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B. 265:1998;979-988.
    • (1998) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B , vol.265 , pp. 979-988
    • Stone, G.N.1    Cook, J.M.2
  • 21
    • 0036753355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary shifts between host oak sections and host plant organs in Andricus gallwasps
    • Cook J.M., et al. Evolutionary shifts between host oak sections and host plant organs in Andricus gallwasps. Evolution. 56:2002;1821-1830.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 1821-1830
    • Cook, J.M.1
  • 22
    • 0006147343 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of Pemphigus gall aphids
    • J.D. Shorthouse, & O. Rohfritsch. Oxford University Press
    • Whitham T.G. Ecology of Pemphigus gall aphids. Shorthouse J.D., Rohfritsch O. Biology of Insect-induced Galls. 1992;225-237 Oxford University Press.
    • (1992) Biology of Insect-induced Galls , pp. 225-237
    • Whitham, T.G.1
  • 24
    • 0004206243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blackwell Science
    • Ridley M. Evolution. 1996;Blackwell Science.
    • (1996) Evolution
    • Ridley, M.1
  • 25
    • 0000944342 scopus 로고
    • Increased photosynthesis and water potentials in Silphium integrifolium galled by cynipid wasps
    • Fay P.A., et al. Increased photosynthesis and water potentials in Silphium integrifolium galled by cynipid wasps. Oecologia. 93:1993;114-120.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.93 , pp. 114-120
    • Fay, P.A.1
  • 26
    • 0036775971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of adverse conditions by insects
    • Danks H.V. Modification of adverse conditions by insects. Oikos. 99:2002;10-24.
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.99 , pp. 10-24
    • Danks, H.V.1
  • 27
    • 0027084506 scopus 로고
    • The adaptive significance of insect gall distribution: Survivorship of species in xeric and mesic habitats
    • Fernandes G.W., Price P.W. The adaptive significance of insect gall distribution: survivorship of species in xeric and mesic habitats. Oecologia. 90:1992;14-20.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.90 , pp. 14-20
    • Fernandes, G.W.1    Price, P.W.2
  • 28
    • 0001124027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of insect-induced galls along a temperature-rainfall gradient in the tropical savannah region of the Northern territory, Australia
    • Blanche K.R. Diversity of insect-induced galls along a temperature-rainfall gradient in the tropical savannah region of the Northern territory, Australia. Austr. Ecol. 25:2000;311-318.
    • (2000) Austr. Ecol. , vol.25 , pp. 311-318
    • Blanche, K.R.1
  • 29
    • 0141848174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting galls of Ceratoglyphina styracicola, a host-alternating subtropical aphid species
    • J.M. Nieto Nafría, & A.F.G. Dixon. Universidad de León
    • Kurosu U., Aoki S. Long-lasting galls of Ceratoglyphina styracicola, a host-alternating subtropical aphid species. Nieto Nafría J.M., Dixon A.F.G. Aphids in Natural and Managed Ecosystems. 1998;227-234 Universidad de León.
    • (1998) Aphids in Natural and Managed Ecosystems , pp. 227-234
    • Kurosu, U.1    Aoki, S.2
  • 30
    • 0031284556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predators, parasitoids, and pathogens as mortality agents in phytophagous insect populations
    • Hawkins B.A., et al. Predators, parasitoids, and pathogens as mortality agents in phytophagous insect populations. Ecology. 78:1997;2145-2152.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 2145-2152
    • Hawkins, B.A.1
  • 31
    • 0001786576 scopus 로고
    • Tritrophic interactions in gallmaker communities on Phragmites australis: Testing ecological hypotheses
    • P.W. et al. Price. USDA
    • Tscharntke T. Tritrophic interactions in gallmaker communities on Phragmites australis: testing ecological hypotheses. Price P.W., et al. The Ecology and Evolution of Gall-Forming Insects. 1994;73-92 USDA.
    • (1994) The Ecology and Evolution of Gall-Forming Insects , pp. 73-92
    • Tscharntke, T.1
  • 32
    • 0024191372 scopus 로고
    • Are galling insects better protected against parasitoids than exposed feeders? A test using tenthredinid sawflies
    • Price P.W., Pschorn-Walcher H. Are galling insects better protected against parasitoids than exposed feeders? A test using tenthredinid sawflies. Ecol. Entomol. 13:1988;195-205.
    • (1988) Ecol. Entomol. , vol.13 , pp. 195-205
    • Price, P.W.1    Pschorn-Walcher, H.2
  • 33
    • 0027070107 scopus 로고
    • Does gall diameter affect parasitism of Asphondylia borrichiae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)?
    • Rossi A.M., et al. Does gall diameter affect parasitism of Asphondylia borrichiae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)? Ecol. Entomol. 17:1992;149-154.
    • (1992) Ecol. Entomol. , vol.17 , pp. 149-154
    • Rossi, A.M.1
  • 34
    • 0042105965 scopus 로고
    • Parasitoids as a driving force in the evolution of the gall size of Urophora on Cardueae hosts
    • M.A.J. Williams. Clarendon Press
    • Zwölfer H., Arnold-Rinehart J. Parasitoids as a driving force in the evolution of the gall size of Urophora on Cardueae hosts. Williams M.A.J. Plant Galls: Organisms, Interactions, Populations. 1994;245-257 Clarendon Press.
    • (1994) Plant Galls: Organisms, Interactions, Populations , pp. 245-257
    • Zwölfer, H.1    Arnold-Rinehart, J.2
  • 35
    • 0141848173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gall morphology and community composition in Asphondylia flocossa (Cecidomyiidae) galls on Atriplex polycarpa (Chenopodiaceae)
    • Dixon K.A., et al. Gall morphology and community composition in Asphondylia flocossa (Cecidomyiidae) galls on Atriplex polycarpa (Chenopodiaceae). Environ. Entomol. 27:1998;592-599.
    • (1998) Environ. Entomol. , vol.27 , pp. 592-599
    • Dixon, K.A.1
  • 36
    • 0020386177 scopus 로고
    • Use of a symbiotic fungus by the gall maker Asteromyia carbonifera to inhibit attack by the parasitoid Torymus capite
    • Weis A.E. Use of a symbiotic fungus by the gall maker Asteromyia carbonifera to inhibit attack by the parasitoid Torymus capite. Ecology. 63:1982;1602-1605.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1602-1605
    • Weis, A.E.1
  • 37
    • 0032790643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The behavioural ecology and evolution of kleptoparasitism in Australian gall thrips
    • Crespi B., Abbot P. The behavioural ecology and evolution of kleptoparasitism in Australian gall thrips. Fla. Entomol. 82:1999;147-164.
    • (1999) Fla. Entomol. , vol.82 , pp. 147-164
    • Crespi, B.1    Abbot, P.2
  • 38
    • 0027838775 scopus 로고
    • A nectar-secreting gall wasp and ant mutualism: Selection and counterselection shaping gall wasp phenology, fecundity and persistence
    • Seibert T.F. A nectar-secreting gall wasp and ant mutualism: selection and counterselection shaping gall wasp phenology, fecundity and persistence. Ecol. Entomol. 18:1993;247-253.
    • (1993) Ecol. Entomol. , vol.18 , pp. 247-253
    • Seibert, T.F.1
  • 39
    • 53149129851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of population genetic data to infer oviposition behaviour: Species-specific patterns in four oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
    • Atkinson R.J., et al. Use of population genetic data to infer oviposition behaviour: species-specific patterns in four oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B. 269:2002;383-390.
    • (2002) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B , vol.269 , pp. 383-390
    • Atkinson, R.J.1
  • 40
    • 0030045744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of soldiers in aphids
    • Stern D.L., Foster W.A. The evolution of soldiers in aphids. Biol. Rev. 71:1996;27-79.
    • (1996) Biol. Rev. , vol.71 , pp. 27-79
    • Stern, D.L.1    Foster, W.A.2
  • 41
    • 0036387421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soldier behaviour and division of labour in the aphid genus Pemphigus (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
    • Rhoden P.K., Foster W.A. Soldier behaviour and division of labour in the aphid genus Pemphigus (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Insects Soc. 49:2002;257-263.
    • (2002) Insects Soc. , vol.49 , pp. 257-263
    • Rhoden, P.K.1    Foster, W.A.2
  • 42
    • 0042531677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-sacrificing gall repair by aphid nymphs
    • 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0026
    • Kurosu U., et al. Self-sacrificing gall repair by aphid nymphs. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B. 2003;. 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0026.
    • (2003) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B
    • Kurosu, U.1
  • 43
    • 0003117751 scopus 로고
    • African fig wasp parasitoid communities
    • Oxford Science Publications (Hawkins B.A. and Sheehan W., eds)
    • Compton S.G., et al. African fig wasp parasitoid communities. In Parasitoid Community Ecology In Oxford Science Publications (Hawkins B.A. and Sheehan W., eds) pp. 343-368
    • (1994) Parasitoid Community Ecology , pp. 343-368
    • Compton, S.G.1
  • 44
    • 33750676041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gallenerzeugende blattwespen Europas - Taxonomische grundlagen, biologie und ökologie (Tenthredinidae: Nematinae: Euura, Phyllocolpa, Pontania)
    • Kopelke J.P. Gallenerzeugende blattwespen Europas - taxonomische grundlagen, biologie und ökologie (Tenthredinidae: Nematinae: Euura, Phyllocolpa, Pontania). Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg. 212:1999;1-183.
    • (1999) Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg , vol.212 , pp. 1-183
    • Kopelke, J.P.1
  • 45
    • 0342980220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protein content of tissues in cynipid galls (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): Similarities between cynipid galls and seeds
    • Schönrogge K., et al. The protein content of tissues in cynipid galls (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): similarities between cynipid galls and seeds. Plant Cell Environ. 23:2000;215-222.
    • (2000) Plant Cell Environ. , vol.23 , pp. 215-222
    • Schönrogge, K.1
  • 46
    • 0039056585 scopus 로고
    • Agrobacterium-induced crown gall and hairy root disease: Their biology and application to plant genetic engineering
    • M.A.J. Williams. Clarendon Press
    • Davey M.R., et al. Agrobacterium-induced crown gall and hairy root disease: their biology and application to plant genetic engineering. Williams M.A.J. Plant Galls - Organisms, Interactions, Populations. 1994;9-56 Clarendon Press.
    • (1994) Plant Galls - Organisms, Interactions, Populations , pp. 9-56
    • Davey, M.R.1
  • 47
    • 0029904404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhizobium lipo-chitooligosaccharide nodulation factors: Signalling molecules mediating recognition and morphogenesis
    • Denarie J., et al. Rhizobium lipo-chitooligosaccharide nodulation factors: signalling molecules mediating recognition and morphogenesis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65:1996;503-535.
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.65 , pp. 503-535
    • Denarie, J.1
  • 49
    • 0001641224 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen zur erzeugung künstlicher Pflanzengallen
    • Schäller G. Untersuchungen zur erzeugung künstlicher Pflanzengallen. Marcellia. 35:1969;131-153.
    • (1969) Marcellia , vol.35 , pp. 131-153
    • Schäller, G.1
  • 50
    • 0031054269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyl gallate and related polyphenols as auxin protectors
    • Mendez J., Mato M.C. Methyl gallate and related polyphenols as auxin protectors. Phytochemistry. 44:1997;41-43.
    • (1997) Phytochemistry , vol.44 , pp. 41-43
    • Mendez, J.1    Mato, M.C.2
  • 51
    • 85031080161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of fig wasps and their interactions with Figures
    • Cook, J.M. and Rasplus, J-Y. The evolution of fig wasps and their interactions with Figures Trends Ecol. Evol. 18, 241-248.
    • Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 241-248
    • Cook, J.M.1    Rasplus, J.-Y.2
  • 52
    • 0037117490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of a complex key innovation in an obligate insect-plant mutualism
    • Pellmyr O., Krenn H.W. Origin of a complex key innovation in an obligate insect-plant mutualism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99:2002;5498-5502.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.99 , pp. 5498-5502
    • Pellmyr, O.1    Krenn, H.W.2
  • 53
    • 0037071852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic structure and dynamics of coevolutionary selection
    • Thompson J.N., Cunningham B.M. Geographic structure and dynamics of coevolutionary selection. Nature. 417:2002;735-738.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 735-738
    • Thompson, J.N.1    Cunningham, B.M.2
  • 54
    • 0034958474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasites of mutualisms
    • Yu D.W. Parasites of mutualisms. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 72:2001;529-546.
    • (2001) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.72 , pp. 529-546
    • Yu, D.W.1
  • 55
    • 0035859026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-evolution and plant resistance to natural enemies
    • Rausher M.D. Co-evolution and plant resistance to natural enemies. Nature. 411:2001;857-864.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 857-864
    • Rausher, M.D.1
  • 56
    • 0030944990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of virulence in the hessian fly to resistance gene H13 in wheat
    • Zantoko L., Shukle R.H. Genetics of virulence in the hessian fly to resistance gene H13 in wheat. J. Hered. 88:1997;120-123.
    • (1997) J. Hered. , vol.88 , pp. 120-123
    • Zantoko, L.1    Shukle, R.H.2
  • 57
    • 0001554310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypersensitivity as a phenotypic basis of plant induced resistance against a galling insect (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
    • Fernandes G.W. Hypersensitivity as a phenotypic basis of plant induced resistance against a galling insect (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Env. Entomol. 27:1998;260-267.
    • (1998) Env. Entomol. , vol.27 , pp. 260-267
    • Fernandes, G.W.1
  • 58
    • 0030872540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species status of two host-associated populations of Aphytis lingnanensis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in citrus
    • Fernando L.C.P., Walter G.H. Species status of two host-associated populations of Aphytis lingnanensis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in citrus. Bull. Entomol. Res. 87:1997;137-144.
    • (1997) Bull. Entomol. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 137-144
    • Fernando, L.C.P.1    Walter, G.H.2
  • 59
    • 0028976959 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variation in guild structure - parasitoids and inquilines of Andricus quercuscalicis (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) in its native and alien ranges
    • Schönrogge K., et al. Spatial and temporal variation in guild structure - parasitoids and inquilines of Andricus quercuscalicis (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) in its native and alien ranges. Oikos. 72:1995;51-60.
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.72 , pp. 51-60
    • Schönrogge, K.1
  • 60
    • 0000450372 scopus 로고
    • On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain
    • Askew R.R. On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. 14:1961;237-268.
    • (1961) Trans. Soc. Brit. Entomol. , vol.14 , pp. 237-268
    • Askew, R.R.1
  • 61
    • 0031451631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source food webs as estimators of community web structure
    • Hawkins B.A., et al. Source food webs as estimators of community web structure. Acta Oecologia. 18:1997;575-586.
    • (1997) Acta Oecologia , vol.18 , pp. 575-586
    • Hawkins, B.A.1
  • 62
    • 0033794942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative webs as a means of assessing the impact of alien insects
    • Schönrogge K., Crawley M.J. Quantitative webs as a means of assessing the impact of alien insects. J. Anim. Ecol. 69:2000;841-868.
    • (2000) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.69 , pp. 841-868
    • Schönrogge, K.1    Crawley, M.J.2
  • 63
    • 0036100184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial heterogeneity in risk of secondary parasitism in a natural population of an aphid parasitoid
    • Van Veen F.J.F., et al. Spatial heterogeneity in risk of secondary parasitism in a natural population of an aphid parasitoid. J. Anim. Ecol. 71:2002;463-469.
    • (2002) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.71 , pp. 463-469
    • Van Veen, F.J.F.1
  • 64
    • 85086807279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of comparative data
    • Pagel M. Statistical analysis of comparative data. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15:2000;418.
    • (2000) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 418
    • Pagel, M.1
  • 65
    • 12244276365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifecycle closure, lineage sorting and hybridization revealed in a phylogenetic analysis of European oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) using mitochondrial sequence data
    • Rokas A., et al. Lifecycle closure, lineage sorting and hybridization revealed in a phylogenetic analysis of European oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) using mitochondrial sequence data. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 26:2003;36-45.
    • (2003) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.26 , pp. 36-45
    • Rokas, A.1
  • 66
    • 0035983983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetics and evolution of the eastern Asian-eastern North American disjunct aphid tribe, Hormaphidini (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
    • von Dohlen C.D., et al. Phylogenetics and evolution of the eastern Asian-eastern North American disjunct aphid tribe, Hormaphidini (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 23:2002;257-267.
    • (2002) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.23 , pp. 257-267
    • Von Dohlen, C.D.1
  • 67
    • 0002291881 scopus 로고
    • Ecological relationships of insects inhabiting cynipid galls
    • J.D. Shorthouse, & O. Rohfritsch. Oxford University Press
    • Wiebes-Rijks A.A., Shorthouse J.D. Ecological relationships of insects inhabiting cynipid galls. Shorthouse J.D., Rohfritsch O. Biology of Insect-induced Galls. 1992;238-257 Oxford University Press.
    • (1992) Biology of Insect-induced Galls , pp. 238-257
    • Wiebes-Rijks, A.A.1    Shorthouse, J.D.2
  • 68
    • 0022848861 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among three trophic levels: Gall size and parasitoid attack
    • Price P.W., Clancy K.M. Interactions among three trophic levels: gall size and parasitoid attack. Ecology. 67:1986;1593-1600.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 1593-1600
    • Price, P.W.1    Clancy, K.M.2
  • 69
    • 0025627962 scopus 로고
    • The window of vulnerability of a shoot galling sawfly to attack by a parasitoid
    • Craig T.P., et al. The window of vulnerability of a shoot galling sawfly to attack by a parasitoid. Ecology. 71:1990;1471-1482.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1471-1482
    • Craig, T.P.1
  • 70
    • 0038305822 scopus 로고
    • Effects of intraspecific plant variation on parasitoid communities
    • B.A. Hawkins, & W. Sheehan. Oxford University Press
    • Craig T.P. Effects of intraspecific plant variation on parasitoid communities. Hawkins B.A., Sheehan W. Parasitoid Community Ecology. 1994;205-227 Oxford University Press.
    • (1994) Parasitoid Community Ecology , pp. 205-227
    • Craig, T.P.1
  • 71
    • 0030448477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The window of vulnerability and its effects on relative parasitoid abundance
    • Briggs C.J., Latto J. The window of vulnerability and its effects on relative parasitoid abundance. Ecol. Entomol. 21:1996;128-140.
    • (1996) Ecol. Entomol. , vol.21 , pp. 128-140
    • Briggs, C.J.1    Latto, J.2
  • 72
    • 0034487314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronization of gallers with host plant phenology
    • Yukawa J. Synchronization of gallers with host plant phenology. Pop. Ecol. 42:2000;105-113.
    • (2000) Pop. Ecol. , vol.42 , pp. 105-113
    • Yukawa, J.1
  • 73
    • 0033913628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hot spots, cold spots, and the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution
    • Gomulkiewicz R., et al. Hot spots, cold spots, and the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution. Am. Nat. 156:2000;156-174.
    • (2000) Am. Nat. , vol.156 , pp. 156-174
    • Gomulkiewicz, R.1
  • 74
    • 0027331063 scopus 로고
    • Apparent competition and enemy free space in insect host parasitoid communities
    • Holt R.D., Lawton J.H. Apparent competition and enemy free space in insect host parasitoid communities. Am. Nat. 142:1993;623-645.
    • (1993) Am. Nat. , vol.142 , pp. 623-645
    • Holt, R.D.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 75
    • 0037034032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual predators select for crypticity and polymorphism in virtual prey
    • Bond A.B., Kamil A.C. Visual predators select for crypticity and polymorphism in virtual prey. Nature. 415:2002;609-613.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 609-613
    • Bond, A.B.1    Kamil, A.C.2
  • 76
    • 0037028084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of parasites in sympatric and allopatric host diversification
    • Buckling A., Rainey P.B. The role of parasites in sympatric and allopatric host diversification. Nature. 420:2002;496-499.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 496-499
    • Buckling, A.1    Rainey, P.B.2
  • 77
    • 0034177701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism of attack and defence
    • Frank S.A. Polymorphism of attack and defence. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15:2000;167-172.
    • (2000) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 167-172
    • Frank, S.A.1
  • 78
    • 0032920022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does 'enemy-free space' exist? Experimental host shifts of an herbivorous fly
    • Gratton C., Welter S.C. Does 'enemy-free space' exist? Experimental host shifts of an herbivorous fly. Ecology. 80:1999;773-785.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 773-785
    • Gratton, C.1    Welter, S.C.2
  • 79
    • 0028165930 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary interaction among species - selection, escalation and coevolution
    • Vermeij G.J. The evolutionary interaction among species - selection, escalation and coevolution. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 25:1994;219-236.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.25 , pp. 219-236
    • Vermeij, G.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.