Learning processes features: How do they influence inter-firm differences in technological capability-accumulation paths and operational performance improvement?

International Journal of Technology Management

Volumn 26, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 655-693

  Figueiredo, Paulo N ^a  

^a FUNDAÇÃO GETÚLIO VARGAS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Learning processes features; Operational performance improvement; Technological capability accumulation paths

Indexed keywords

INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT; KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION; LEARNING SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE;

ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING; TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY-ACCUMULATION PATHS;

TECHNOLOGY;

EID: 0042432061     PISSN: 02675730     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/IJTM.2003.003451     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. This paper is part of a broader research topic for the author's PhD Thesis, approved in March 2000 at SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research at the University of Sussex, UK.
2. Bell, M. and Pavitt, K. (1995) 'The development of technological capabilities', in I. u. Haque (Ed.) Trade, Technology and International Competitiveness, Washington: The World Bank.
3. For example, Kim, L. (1995) 'Crisis construction and organisational learning: 'capability building in catching-up at Hyundai Motor', Paper presented at the Hitotsubashi-Organization Science Conference, Tokyo, October; Kim, L. (1997) 'The dynamics of Samsung's technological; learning in semiconductors', California Management Review, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp.86-100; Dutrénit, G.B. (1998) 'From knowledge accumulation to strategic capabilities: knowledge management in a Mexican glass firm', D.Phil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex.
4. For example, Kim, L. (1995) 'Crisis construction and organisational learning: 'capability building in catching-up at Hyundai Motor', Paper presented at the Hitotsubashi-Organization Science Conference, Tokyo, October; Kim, L. (1997) 'The dynamics of Samsung's technological; learning in semiconductors', California Management Review, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp.86-100; Dutrénit, G.B. (1998) 'From knowledge accumulation to strategic capabilities: knowledge management in a Mexican glass firm', D.Phil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex.
5. For example, Kim, L. (1995) 'Crisis construction and organisational learning: 'capability building in catching-up at Hyundai Motor', Paper presented at the Hitotsubashi-Organization Science Conference, Tokyo, October; Kim, L. (1997) 'The dynamics of Samsung's technological; learning in semiconductors', California Management Review, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp.86-100; Dutrénit, G.B. (1998) 'From knowledge accumulation to strategic capabilities: knowledge management in a Mexican glass firm', D.Phil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex.
6. See, for example, Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'Core capabilities, core rigidities: paradox in managing new product development', Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp.111-125. Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'The factory as a learning laboratory', Shan Management Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.23-38; Leornard-Barton, D. (1995) Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press; Garvin, D.A. (1993) 'Building a learning organisation', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, No. 4, (July-August), pp.78-91; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organizational learning: a guide for executives in technology-critical organisations', IJTM Special Publication on Unlearning and Learning, Vol. 11, Nos. 7/8, pp.821-832; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organisational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures', in M.D. Cohen and L.S. Sproull (Eds.), Organizational Learning, Sage, London. Iansiti, M. (1998) Technology Integration, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass; Bessant, J. (1998) 'Developing continuous improvement capability', International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp.409-429.
7. See, for example, Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'Core capabilities, core rigidities: paradox in managing new product development', Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp.111-125. Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'The factory as a learning laboratory', Shan Management Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.23-38; Leornard-Barton, D. (1995) Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press; Garvin, D.A. (1993) 'Building a learning organisation', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, No. 4, (July-August), pp.78-91; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organizational learning: a guide for executives in technology-critical organisations', IJTM Special Publication on Unlearning and Learning, Vol. 11, Nos. 7/8, pp.821-832; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organisational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures', in M.D. Cohen and L.S. Sproull (Eds.), Organizational Learning, Sage, London. Iansiti, M. (1998) Technology Integration, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass; Bessant, J. (1998) 'Developing continuous improvement capability', International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp.409-429.
8. See, for example, Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'Core capabilities, core rigidities: paradox in managing new product development', Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp.111-125. Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'The factory as a learning laboratory', Shan Management Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.23-38; Leornard-Barton, D. (1995) Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press; Garvin, D.A. (1993) 'Building a learning organisation', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, No. 4, (July-August), pp.78-91; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organizational learning: a guide for executives in technology-critical organisations', IJTM Special Publication on Unlearning and Learning, Vol. 11, Nos. 7/8, pp.821-832; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organisational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures', in M.D. Cohen and L.S. Sproull (Eds.), Organizational Learning, Sage, London. Iansiti, M. (1998) Technology Integration, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass; Bessant, J. (1998) 'Developing continuous improvement capability', International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp.409-429.
9. See, for example, Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'Core capabilities, core rigidities: paradox in managing new product development', Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp.111-125. Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'The factory as a learning laboratory', Shan Management Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.23-38; Leornard-Barton, D. (1995) Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press; Garvin, D.A. (1993) 'Building a learning organisation', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, No. 4, (July-August), pp.78-91; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organizational learning: a guide for executives in technology-critical organisations', IJTM Special Publication on Unlearning and Learning, Vol. 11, Nos. 7/8, pp.821-832; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organisational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures', in M.D. Cohen and L.S. Sproull (Eds.), Organizational Learning, Sage, London. Iansiti, M. (1998) Technology Integration, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass; Bessant, J. (1998) 'Developing continuous improvement capability', International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp.409-429.
10. See, for example, Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'Core capabilities, core rigidities: paradox in managing new product development', Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp.111-125. Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'The factory as a learning laboratory', Shan Management Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.23-38; Leornard-Barton, D. (1995) Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press; Garvin, D.A. (1993) 'Building a learning organisation', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, No. 4, (July-August), pp.78-91; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organizational learning: a guide for executives in technology-critical organisations', IJTM Special Publication on Unlearning and Learning, Vol. 11, Nos. 7/8, pp.821-832; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organisational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures', in M.D. Cohen and L.S. Sproull (Eds.), Organizational Learning, Sage, London. Iansiti, M. (1998) Technology Integration, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass; Bessant, J. (1998) 'Developing continuous improvement capability', International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp.409-429.
11. See, for example, Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'Core capabilities, core rigidities: paradox in managing new product development', Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp.111-125. Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'The factory as a learning laboratory', Shan Management Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.23-38; Leornard-Barton, D. (1995) Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press; Garvin, D.A. (1993) 'Building a learning organisation', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, No. 4, (July-August), pp.78-91; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organizational learning: a guide for executives in technology-critical organisations', IJTM Special Publication on Unlearning and Learning, Vol. 11, Nos. 7/8, pp.821-832; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organisational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures', in M.D. Cohen and L.S. Sproull (Eds.), Organizational Learning, Sage, London. Iansiti, M. (1998) Technology Integration, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass; Bessant, J. (1998) 'Developing continuous improvement capability', International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp.409-429.
12. See, for example, Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'Core capabilities, core rigidities: paradox in managing new product development', Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp.111-125. Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'The factory as a learning laboratory', Shan Management Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.23-38; Leornard-Barton, D. (1995) Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press; Garvin, D.A. (1993) 'Building a learning organisation', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, No. 4, (July-August), pp.78-91; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organizational learning: a guide for executives in technology-critical organisations', IJTM Special Publication on Unlearning and Learning, Vol. 11, Nos. 7/8, pp.821-832; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organisational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures', in M.D. Cohen and L.S. Sproull (Eds.), Organizational Learning, Sage, London. Iansiti, M. (1998) Technology Integration, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass; Bessant, J. (1998) 'Developing continuous improvement capability', International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp.409-429.
13. See, for example, Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'Core capabilities, core rigidities: paradox in managing new product development', Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp.111-125. Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) 'The factory as a learning laboratory', Shan Management Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.23-38; Leornard-Barton, D. (1995) Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press; Garvin, D.A. (1993) 'Building a learning organisation', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, No. 4, (July-August), pp.78-91; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organizational learning: a guide for executives in technology-critical organisations', IJTM Special Publication on Unlearning and Learning, Vol. 11, Nos. 7/8, pp.821-832; Huber, G. (1996) 'Organisational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures', in M.D. Cohen and L.S. Sproull (Eds.), Organizational Learning, Sage, London. Iansiti, M. (1998) Technology Integration, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass; Bessant, J. (1998) 'Developing continuous improvement capability', International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp.409-429.
14. Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technology development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme; Maxwell, P. (1981) 'Technological policy and firm learning efforts in less developed countries: a case study of the experience of the Argentina Steel Finn Acindar SA', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries: Frances Pinter, London; Viana, H.A.P. (1984) 'International technology transfer, technological learning and the assimilation of imported technology in a state-owned enterprise: the case of SIDOR Steel Plant in Venezuela', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Lall, S. (1987) Learning to Industrialise: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India, Macmillan, London; Pérez, L. and Pérez y Peniche, J. (1987) 'A summary of the principal findings of the case-study on the technological behaviour of the Mexican steel firm Altos Hornos de Mexico', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in the Latin American Manufacturing Industry, St. Martin's Press: New York; Piccinini, M. (1993) 'Technical change and energy efficiency: a case study in the iron and steel industry in Brazil', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Hobday, M., Abdullah, S., Ariffin, N. and Malik, J. (1995) 'Aiming for 2020: a demand-driven perspective on industrial technology in Malaysia', Final Report for the World Bank and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. SPRU, University of Sussex; Shin, J-S. (1996) The Economics of the Latecomers. Catching-Up, Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea, Routledge: London.
15. Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technology development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme; Maxwell, P. (1981) 'Technological policy and firm learning efforts in less developed countries: a case study of the experience of the Argentina Steel Finn Acindar SA', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries: Frances Pinter, London; Viana, H.A.P. (1984) 'International technology transfer, technological learning and the assimilation of imported technology in a state-owned enterprise: the case of SIDOR Steel Plant in Venezuela', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Lall, S. (1987) Learning to Industrialise: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India, Macmillan, London; Pérez, L. and Pérez y Peniche, J. (1987) 'A summary of the principal findings of the case-study on the technological behaviour of the Mexican steel firm Altos Hornos de Mexico', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in the Latin American Manufacturing Industry, St. Martin's Press: New York; Piccinini, M. (1993) 'Technical change and energy efficiency: a case study in the iron and steel industry in Brazil', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Hobday, M., Abdullah, S., Ariffin, N. and Malik, J. (1995) 'Aiming for 2020: a demand-driven perspective on industrial technology in Malaysia', Final Report for the World Bank and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. SPRU, University of Sussex; Shin, J-S. (1996) The Economics of the Latecomers. Catching-Up, Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea, Routledge: London.
16. Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technology development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme; Maxwell, P. (1981) 'Technological policy and firm learning efforts in less developed countries: a case study of the experience of the Argentina Steel Finn Acindar SA', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries: Frances Pinter, London; Viana, H.A.P. (1984) 'International technology transfer, technological learning and the assimilation of imported technology in a state-owned enterprise: the case of SIDOR Steel Plant in Venezuela', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Lall, S. (1987) Learning to Industrialise: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India, Macmillan, London; Pérez, L. and Pérez y Peniche, J. (1987) 'A summary of the principal findings of the case-study on the technological behaviour of the Mexican steel firm Altos Hornos de Mexico', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in the Latin American Manufacturing Industry, St. Martin's Press: New York; Piccinini, M. (1993) 'Technical change and energy efficiency: a case study in the iron and steel industry in Brazil', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Hobday, M., Abdullah, S., Ariffin, N. and Malik, J. (1995) 'Aiming for 2020: a demand-driven perspective on industrial technology in Malaysia', Final Report for the World Bank and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. SPRU, University of Sussex; Shin, J-S. (1996) The Economics of the Latecomers. Catching-Up, Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea, Routledge: London.
17. Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technology development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme; Maxwell, P. (1981) 'Technological policy and firm learning efforts in less developed countries: a case study of the experience of the Argentina Steel Finn Acindar SA', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries: Frances Pinter, London; Viana, H.A.P. (1984) 'International technology transfer, technological learning and the assimilation of imported technology in a state-owned enterprise: the case of SIDOR Steel Plant in Venezuela', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Lall, S. (1987) Learning to Industrialise: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India, Macmillan, London; Pérez, L. and Pérez y Peniche, J. (1987) 'A summary of the principal findings of the case-study on the technological behaviour of the Mexican steel firm Altos Hornos de Mexico', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in the Latin American Manufacturing Industry, St. Martin's Press: New York; Piccinini, M. (1993) 'Technical change and energy efficiency: a case study in the iron and steel industry in Brazil', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Hobday, M., Abdullah, S., Ariffin, N. and Malik, J. (1995) 'Aiming for 2020: a demand-driven perspective on industrial technology in Malaysia', Final Report for the World Bank and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. SPRU, University of Sussex; Shin, J-S. (1996) The Economics of the Latecomers. Catching-Up, Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea, Routledge: London.
18. Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technology development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme; Maxwell, P. (1981) 'Technological policy and firm learning efforts in less developed countries: a case study of the experience of the Argentina Steel Finn Acindar SA', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries: Frances Pinter, London; Viana, H.A.P. (1984) 'International technology transfer, technological learning and the assimilation of imported technology in a state-owned enterprise: the case of SIDOR Steel Plant in Venezuela', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Lall, S. (1987) Learning to Industrialise: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India, Macmillan, London; Pérez, L. and Pérez y Peniche, J. (1987) 'A summary of the principal findings of the case-study on the technological behaviour of the Mexican steel firm Altos Hornos de Mexico', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in the Latin American Manufacturing Industry, St. Martin's Press: New York; Piccinini, M. (1993) 'Technical change and energy efficiency: a case study in the iron and steel industry in Brazil', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Hobday, M., Abdullah, S., Ariffin, N. and Malik, J. (1995) 'Aiming for 2020: a demand-driven perspective on industrial technology in Malaysia', Final Report for the World Bank and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. SPRU, University of Sussex; Shin, J-S. (1996) The Economics of the Latecomers. Catching-Up, Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea, Routledge: London.
19. Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technology development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme; Maxwell, P. (1981) 'Technological policy and firm learning efforts in less developed countries: a case study of the experience of the Argentina Steel Finn Acindar SA', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries: Frances Pinter, London; Viana, H.A.P. (1984) 'International technology transfer, technological learning and the assimilation of imported technology in a state-owned enterprise: the case of SIDOR Steel Plant in Venezuela', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Lall, S. (1987) Learning to Industrialise: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India, Macmillan, London; Pérez, L. and Pérez y Peniche, J. (1987) 'A summary of the principal findings of the case-study on the technological behaviour of the Mexican steel firm Altos Hornos de Mexico', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in the Latin American Manufacturing Industry, St. Martin's Press: New York; Piccinini, M. (1993) 'Technical change and energy efficiency: a case study in the iron and steel industry in Brazil', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Hobday, M., Abdullah, S., Ariffin, N. and Malik, J. (1995) 'Aiming for 2020: a demand-driven perspective on industrial technology in Malaysia', Final Report for the World Bank and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. SPRU, University of Sussex; Shin, J-S. (1996) The Economics of the Latecomers. Catching-Up, Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea, Routledge: London.
20. Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technology development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme; Maxwell, P. (1981) 'Technological policy and firm learning efforts in less developed countries: a case study of the experience of the Argentina Steel Finn Acindar SA', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries: Frances Pinter, London; Viana, H.A.P. (1984) 'International technology transfer, technological learning and the assimilation of imported technology in a state-owned enterprise: the case of SIDOR Steel Plant in Venezuela', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Lall, S. (1987) Learning to Industrialise: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India, Macmillan, London; Pérez, L. and Pérez y Peniche, J. (1987) 'A summary of the principal findings of the case-study on the technological behaviour of the Mexican steel firm Altos Hornos de Mexico', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in the Latin American Manufacturing Industry, St. Martin's Press: New York; Piccinini, M. (1993) 'Technical change and energy efficiency: a case study in the iron and steel industry in Brazil', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Hobday, M., Abdullah, S., Ariffin, N. and Malik, J. (1995) 'Aiming for 2020: a demand-driven perspective on industrial technology in Malaysia', Final Report for the World Bank and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. SPRU, University of Sussex; Shin, J-S. (1996) The Economics of the Latecomers. Catching-Up, Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea, Routledge: London.
21. Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technology development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme; Maxwell, P. (1981) 'Technological policy and firm learning efforts in less developed countries: a case study of the experience of the Argentina Steel Finn Acindar SA', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries: Frances Pinter, London; Viana, H.A.P. (1984) 'International technology transfer, technological learning and the assimilation of imported technology in a state-owned enterprise: the case of SIDOR Steel Plant in Venezuela', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Lall, S. (1987) Learning to Industrialise: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India, Macmillan, London; Pérez, L. and Pérez y Peniche, J. (1987) 'A summary of the principal findings of the case-study on the technological behaviour of the Mexican steel firm Altos Hornos de Mexico', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in the Latin American Manufacturing Industry, St. Martin's Press: New York; Piccinini, M. (1993) 'Technical change and energy efficiency: a case study in the iron and steel industry in Brazil', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Hobday, M., Abdullah, S., Ariffin, N. and Malik, J. (1995) 'Aiming for 2020: a demand-driven perspective on industrial technology in Malaysia', Final Report for the World Bank and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. SPRU, University of Sussex; Shin, J-S. (1996) The Economics of the Latecomers. Catching-Up, Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea, Routledge: London.
22. Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technology development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme; Maxwell, P. (1981) 'Technological policy and firm learning efforts in less developed countries: a case study of the experience of the Argentina Steel Finn Acindar SA', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries: Frances Pinter, London; Viana, H.A.P. (1984) 'International technology transfer, technological learning and the assimilation of imported technology in a state-owned enterprise: the case of SIDOR Steel Plant in Venezuela', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Lall, S. (1987) Learning to Industrialise: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India, Macmillan, London; Pérez, L. and Pérez y Peniche, J. (1987) 'A summary of the principal findings of the case-study on the technological behaviour of the Mexican steel firm Altos Hornos de Mexico', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in the Latin American Manufacturing Industry, St. Martin's Press: New York; Piccinini, M. (1993) 'Technical change and energy efficiency: a case study in the iron and steel industry in Brazil', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex; Bell, M., Hobday, M., Abdullah, S., Ariffin, N. and Malik, J. (1995) 'Aiming for 2020: a demand-driven perspective on industrial technology in Malaysia', Final Report for the World Bank and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. SPRU, University of Sussex; Shin, J-S. (1996) The Economics of the Latecomers. Catching-Up, Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea, Routledge: London.
23. For example, Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries, Frances Pinter, London. Dahlman, C. and Westphal, L. (1982) Technological effort in industrial development - an interpretative survey of recent research', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.), The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries, pp.105-137, Frances Pinter, London; Katz, J. (1976) Importación de Tecnologia, Aprendizage y Industrialización Dependiente, México: Fondo de Cultura Economica; Katz, J. (1987) 'Domestic technology generation in LDCs: a review of research findings', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries, St. Martin's Press, New York.
24. For example, Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries, Frances Pinter, London. Dahlman, C. and Westphal, L. (1982) Technological effort in industrial development - an interpretative survey of recent research', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.), The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries, pp.105-137, Frances Pinter, London; Katz, J. (1976) Importación de Tecnologia, Aprendizage y Industrialización Dependiente, México: Fondo de Cultura Economica; Katz, J. (1987) 'Domestic technology generation in LDCs: a review of research findings', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries, St. Martin's Press, New York.
25. For example, Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries, Frances Pinter, London. Dahlman, C. and Westphal, L. (1982) Technological effort in industrial development - an interpretative survey of recent research', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.), The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries, pp.105-137, Frances Pinter, London; Katz, J. (1976) Importación de Tecnologia, Aprendizage y Industrialización Dependiente, México: Fondo de Cultura Economica; Katz, J. (1987) 'Domestic technology generation in LDCs: a review of research findings', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries, St. Martin's Press, New York.
26. For example, Bell, M., Scott-Kemmis, D. and Satyarakwit, W. (1982) 'Limited learning in infant industry: a case study', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.) The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries, Frances Pinter, London. Dahlman, C. and Westphal, L. (1982) Technological effort in industrial development - an interpretative survey of recent research', in F. Stewart and J. James (Eds.), The Economics of New Technology in Developing Countries, pp.105-137, Frances Pinter, London; Katz, J. (1976) Importación de Tecnologia, Aprendizage y Industrialización Dependiente, México: Fondo de Cultura Economica; Katz, J. (1987) 'Domestic technology generation in LDCs: a review of research findings', in J. Katz (Ed.), Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries, St. Martin's Press, New York.
27. Lall, S. (1992) 'Technological capabilities and industrialisation', World Development, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 165-86.
28. Bell, M. (1984), 'Learning' and the accumulation of industrial technological capacity in developing countries', in K. King and M. Fransman (Eds.), Technological Capability in the Third World, Macmillan, London; Lall, S. (1987) Learning to Industrialise: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India, Macmillan, London.
29. Bell, M. (1984), 'Learning' and the accumulation of industrial technological capacity in developing countries', in K. King and M. Fransman (Eds.), Technological Capability in the Third World, Macmillan, London; Lall, S. (1987) Learning to Industrialise: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India, Macmillan, London.
30. Cohen, W.M. and Levinthal, D.A. (1990) 'Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation', Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp.128-152.
31. Coombs, R.W. and Hull, R. (1998) 'Knowledge management practices and path-dependency in innovation', Research Policy, Vol. 27, pp.237-253
32. Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995) The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese Firms Create the Dynamics of Innovation, Oxford University Press, New York.
33. Leonard-Barton, D., Bowen, K.H., Clark, K., Holloway, C.A. and Wheelwright, S.C. (1994) 'How to integrate work and deepen expertise', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp.121-130; Leonard, D. and Sensiper, S. (1998) 'The role of tacit knowledge in group innovation', California Management Review, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp.112-132; Pavitt, K. (1991) 'Key characteristics of the large innovating firm', British Journal of Management, Vol. 2, pp.41-50; Pavitt, K. (1998) 'Technologies, products and organization in the innovating firm: what Adam Smith tells us and Joseph Schumpeter doesn't', Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.433-451.
34. Leonard-Barton, D., Bowen, K.H., Clark, K., Holloway, C.A. and Wheelwright, S.C. (1994) 'How to integrate work and deepen expertise', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp.121-130; Leonard, D. and Sensiper, S. (1998) 'The role of tacit knowledge in group innovation', California Management Review, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp.112-132; Pavitt, K. (1991) 'Key characteristics of the large innovating firm', British Journal of Management, Vol. 2, pp.41-50; Pavitt, K. (1998) 'Technologies, products and organization in the innovating firm: what Adam Smith tells us and Joseph Schumpeter doesn't', Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.433-451.
35. Leonard-Barton, D., Bowen, K.H., Clark, K., Holloway, C.A. and Wheelwright, S.C. (1994) 'How to integrate work and deepen expertise', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp.121-130; Leonard, D. and Sensiper, S. (1998) 'The role of tacit knowledge in group innovation', California Management Review, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp.112-132; Pavitt, K. (1991) 'Key characteristics of the large innovating firm', British Journal of Management, Vol. 2, pp.41-50; Pavitt, K. (1998) 'Technologies, products and organization in the innovating firm: what Adam Smith tells us and Joseph Schumpeter doesn't', Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.433-451.
36. Leonard-Barton, D., Bowen, K.H., Clark, K., Holloway, C.A. and Wheelwright, S.C. (1994) 'How to integrate work and deepen expertise', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp.121-130; Leonard, D. and Sensiper, S. (1998) 'The role of tacit knowledge in group innovation', California Management Review, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp.112-132; Pavitt, K. (1991) 'Key characteristics of the large innovating firm', British Journal of Management, Vol. 2, pp.41-50; Pavitt, K. (1998) 'Technologies, products and organization in the innovating firm: what Adam Smith tells us and Joseph Schumpeter doesn't', Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.433-451.
37. Nevis, E., DiBella, A. and Gould, J. (1995) 'Understanding organizations as learning systems', Sloan Management Review, Winter, pp.73-85.
38. Senge, P. (1990) The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation, Century, Business, London; Garvin, (1993) Leonard-Barton (1995) Teece, D. and Pisano, G. (1994) 'The dynamic capabilities of firms: an introduction', Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 3, No, 3, pp.537-56.
39. Senge, P. (1990) The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation, Century, Business, London; Garvin, (1993) Leonard-Barton (1995) Teece, D. and Pisano, G. (1994) 'The dynamic capabilities of firms: an introduction', Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 3, No, 3, pp.537-56.
40. Ariffin, N. and Bell, M. (1996) 'Patterns of subsidiary-parent linkages and technological capability-building in electronics TNC subsidiaries in Malaysia', in K.S. Jomo and G. Felker (Eds.), Industrial Technology Development in Malaysia, Routledge, forthcoming, pp.150-190.
41. Dosi, G. (1985) 'The microeconomic sources and effects of innovation. An assessment of some recent findings', DRC Discussion Paper, No. 33, SPRU, University of Sussex.
42. Dosi, G. (1988) 'The nature of the innovative process', in G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R. Nelson, G. Silverberg and L. Soete (Eds.) Technical Change and Economic Theory, Pinter Publishers, London.
43. Bell et al. (1982); Bell, M., Hobday, M., Abdullah, S. Ariffin, N. and Malik, J. (1995) 'Aiming for 2020: a demand-driven perspective on industrial technology in Malaysia', Final Report for the World Bank and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia, SPRU, University of Sussex.
44. Bell et al. (1982); Bell, M., Hobday, M., Abdullah, S. Ariffin, N. and Malik, J. (1995) 'Aiming for 2020: a demand-driven perspective on industrial technology in Malaysia', Final Report for the World Bank and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia, SPRU, University of Sussex.
45. Hollander, S. (1965) The Sources of Increased Efficiency: a Study of Du Pont Rayon Plants, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass; Katz, J., Gutkowski, M., Rodrigues, M. and Goity, G. (1978) 'Productivity, technology, and domestic efforts in research and development', Working Paper No. 14, Buenos Aires, ECLA/IDB/IDRC/UNDP Research Programme on Scientific and Technological Development in Latin America; Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technological development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper, No. 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme. Mlawa, H. (1983) 'The acquisition of technology, technological capability and technical change: a study of the textile industry in Tanzania', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex. Tremblay, P. (1994) 'Comparative analysis of technological capability and productivity growth in the pulp and paper industry in industrialised and industrialising countries', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex.
46. Hollander, S. (1965) The Sources of Increased Efficiency: a Study of Du Pont Rayon Plants, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass; Katz, J., Gutkowski, M., Rodrigues, M. and Goity, G. (1978) 'Productivity, technology, and domestic efforts in research and development', Working Paper No. 14, Buenos Aires, ECLA/IDB/IDRC/UNDP Research Programme on Scientific and Technological Development in Latin America; Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technological development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper, No. 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme. Mlawa, H. (1983) 'The acquisition of technology, technological capability and technical change: a study of the textile industry in Tanzania', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex. Tremblay, P. (1994) 'Comparative analysis of technological capability and productivity growth in the pulp and paper industry in industrialised and industrialising countries', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex.
47. Hollander, S. (1965) The Sources of Increased Efficiency: a Study of Du Pont Rayon Plants, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass; Katz, J., Gutkowski, M., Rodrigues, M. and Goity, G. (1978) 'Productivity, technology, and domestic efforts in research and development', Working Paper No. 14, Buenos Aires, ECLA/IDB/IDRC/UNDP Research Programme on Scientific and Technological Development in Latin America; Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technological development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper, No. 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme. Mlawa, H. (1983) 'The acquisition of technology, technological capability and technical change: a study of the textile industry in Tanzania', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex. Tremblay, P. (1994) 'Comparative analysis of technological capability and productivity growth in the pulp and paper industry in industrialised and industrialising countries', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex.
48. Hollander, S. (1965) The Sources of Increased Efficiency: a Study of Du Pont Rayon Plants, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass; Katz, J., Gutkowski, M., Rodrigues, M. and Goity, G. (1978) 'Productivity, technology, and domestic efforts in research and development', Working Paper No. 14, Buenos Aires, ECLA/IDB/IDRC/UNDP Research Programme on Scientific and Technological Development in Latin America; Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technological development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper, No. 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme. Mlawa, H. (1983) 'The acquisition of technology, technological capability and technical change: a study of the textile industry in Tanzania', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex. Tremblay, P. (1994) 'Comparative analysis of technological capability and productivity growth in the pulp and paper industry in industrialised and industrialising countries', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex.
49. Hollander, S. (1965) The Sources of Increased Efficiency: a Study of Du Pont Rayon Plants, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass; Katz, J., Gutkowski, M., Rodrigues, M. and Goity, G. (1978) 'Productivity, technology, and domestic efforts in research and development', Working Paper No. 14, Buenos Aires, ECLA/IDB/IDRC/UNDP Research Programme on Scientific and Technological Development in Latin America; Dahlman, C. and Fonseca, F.V. (1978) 'From technological dependence to technological development: the case of the USIMINAS Steel Plant in Brazil', Working Paper, No. 21, IBD/ECLA Research Programme. Mlawa, H. (1983) 'The acquisition of technology, technological capability and technical change: a study of the textile industry in Tanzania', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex. Tremblay, P. (1994) 'Comparative analysis of technological capability and productivity growth in the pulp and paper industry in industrialised and industrialising countries', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex.
50. Figueiredo, P.C.N (1999) 'Technological capability-accumulation paths and the underlying learning processes in the latecomer context: a comparative analysis of two large steel companies in Brazil', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex.
51. Argyris C. and Schön, D. (1978) Organizational Learning: a Theory of Action Perspective, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
52. Bessant, J. and Caffyn, S. (1997) 'High-involvement innovation through continuous improvement', International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp.7-28.
53. Data related to fuel rates were obtained from: (i) USIMINAS; Dados operacionais dos Altos Fornos, setembro 1997, the Technical Information Centre; and interviews in the company; (ii) CSN; Histórico da Produção (Setor Aço), 1996 and interviews in the company.
54. CEPAL (The Economic Comission for Latin America) (1984) La industria Siderurgica Latinoamericana: Tendencias y Potential, Naciones Unidas, Santiago, p. 132.
55. Piccinini, M. (1993) 'Technical change and energy efficiency: a case study in the iron and steel industry in Brazil', DPhil Thesis, SPRU, University of Sussex.
56. Gupta, K S., Das, S. N. and Chandra, N. (1995) 'Indian blast furnace practice: myths, facts and potentials', Trans. Indian Inst. Met., Vol. 48, No. 5, pp.409-435.
57. The elapsed time, in minutes, between the heat in the LD converter.
58. The proportion of heat that needs to be re-blown by oxygen for correction in the steel composition and/or temperature. In a steel shop, following the analysis of the molten steel samples from the LD converter, it is decided whether to tap the heat or to make corrections. If corrections are needed, they can be made (a) through oxygen re-blowing; (b) through the addition of metals (e.g. manganese) preceded by cooling procedures.
59. The proportion of heat in which the steel composition (carbon) and temperature, desired by the heat order, is simultaneously achieved at the heat end-point. A critical task for any oxygen-based steel shop is to achieve high hit rates to prevent time-consuming and costly oxygen reblows or cooling procedures. These add costly minutes to the heat time reducing the potential productivity of the process.
60. 'Catch-carbon' is an operational procedure whereby the desired level of carbon is achieved by blowing oxygen to oxidise the carbon during the steelmaking process. As a result, it brings the carbon down to the desired level, say, 0.4% when it is 'caught'.
61. The 'static charge control' strategy is based on statistical, predictive-adaptive control from static models. This control seeks to prescribe the adequate combination of the charge materials (e.g. hot metal, scrap, fluxes, and oxygen) required to meet the endpoint conditions. USIMINAS' more effective overall energy performance in relation to COSIPA during the 1977-91 period was analysed in Piccinini (1993).
62. Peixoto, H.L. (1990) 'Organização versus ambiente: o caso da USIMINAS. Das origins à privatização', MSc Dissertation, Belo Horizonte: Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG).
63. USIMINAS: Annual Reports 1990-96; Technical Information Centre; CSN: Annual Reports; 'Average operational productivity 1989-97' (one page, undated).
64. USIMINAS: Annual Reports 1990-96; Technical Information Centre; CSN: Annual Reports; 'Average operational productivity 1989-97' (one page, undated).
65. Operating income margin = operating income/net sales
66. BNDES (The National Bank for Economic and Social Development) (1994) Programa Nacional de Desestatização. Relatório de Atividades, BNDES, Rio de Janeiro; See also Paula, G. (1998) 'Privatização e Estrutura de Mercado na Siderurgia Mundial. Tese de Doutorado', DPhil Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Economia (UFRJ/IE), Brasil.
67. BNDES (The National Bank for Economic and Social Development) (1994) Programa Nacional de Desestatização. Relatório de Atividades, BNDES, Rio de Janeiro; See also Paula, G. (1998) 'Privatização e Estrutura de Mercado na Siderurgia Mundial. Tese de Doutorado', DPhil Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Economia (UFRJ/IE), Brasil.