On Paleozoic plants from marine strata: Trivena arkansana (Lyginopteridaceae) gen. et sp. nov., a lyginopterid from the Fayetteville Formation (middle Chesterian/Upper Mississippian) of Arkansas, USA

American Journal of Botany

Volumn 90, Issue 8, 2003, Pages 1239-1252

  Dunn, Michael T ^a   Rothwell, Gar W ^a   Mapes, Gene ^a  

^a OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Chesterian; Lyginopteridaceae; Mississippian; Pteridospermales; Trivena arkansana; Wound response

Indexed keywords

FERN; NEW SPECIES; PALEOBOTANY; PALEOZOIC;

ARKANSAS; UNITED STATES;

ARTHROPODA; BRYOPHYTES; FILICOPHYTA; LYGINOPTERIDACEAE; PTERIDOPHYTA; TRIVENA ARKANSANA;

EID: 0042427482     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.90.8.1239     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. ANDREWS, H. N. 1940. On the stelar anatomy of the pteridosperms, with particular reference to the secondary wood. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 27: 51-118.
2. ANDREWS, H. N. 1945. Contributions to our knowledge of American Carboniferous floras VII. Some pteridosperms from Iowa. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 32: 323-361.
3. BANKS, H. P. 1968. The early history of land plants. In E. T. Drake [ed.], Evolution and environment, 73-107. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
4. BARNARD, P. D. W., AND A. G. LONG. 1973. On the structure of a petrified stem and some associated seeds from the Lower Carboniferous rocks of East Lothian, Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of London 69: 91-108.
5. BARNARD, P. D. W., AND A. G. LONG. 1975. Triradioxylon - a new genus of Lower Carboniferous petrified stems and petioles together with a review of the classification of early Pterophytina. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 69: 231-250.
6. BAXTER, R. W. 1949. Some pteridosperms and fructifications with particular reference to the Medullosae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 36: 287-352.
7. BECK, C. B. 1960. The identity of Archaeopteris and Callixylon. Brittonia 12: 351-368.
8. BECK, C. B. 1966. On the origin of Gymnosperms. Taxon 15: 337-338.
9. BECK, C. B. 1976. Current status of the Progymnospermopsida. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 21: 5-23.
10. BECK, C. B., J. GALTIER, AND W. E. STEIN. 1992. A reinvestigation of Diichnia Read from the New Albany Shale of Kentucky. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 75: 1-32.
11. BECK, C. B., R. SCHMID, AND G. W. ROTHWELL. 1982. Stelar morphology and the primary vascular system of seed plants. Botanical Review 48: 691-815.
12. BECK, C. B., AND W. E. STEIN. 1987. Galtiera bostonensis, gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic calamopityacean from the New Albany Shale of Kentucky. Canadian Journal of Botany 65: 348-361.
13. BERTRAM, U. 1986. On the evolution of stems of Lyginopteridaceae, L'Evolution des gymnosperms. Aproche biologique et paléobiologique. Resumes des communications, Colloque par la Fondation L. Emberger-C. Sauvage III Societie Botanique de France: 9-10.
14. BERTRAM, U. 1989. Untersuchungen an coal balls aus dem Namur A Von Ostrau unter Spezieller Berückichtigung der gattungen Heterangium, Lyginopteris, und Microspermopteris. Palaeontographica 214B: 125-224.
15. CALDER, M. G. 1935. Further observations on the Genus Lyginorachis Kidston. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 58: 549-559.
16. CORDA, A. J. 1845. Flora Protogaea. Beiträge zur Flora der Vorwelt. S. Calvary, Berlin, Germany.
17. DIMICHELE, W. A., AND R. B. ARONSON. 1992. The Pennsylvanian-Permian vegetational transition: a terrestrial analogue to the Onshore-Offshore Hypothesis. Evolution 46: 807-825.
18. ESAU, K. 1956. An anatomist's view of virus diseases. American Journal of Botany 43: 739-748.
19. GALTIER, J. 1970. Recherches sur les végétaux á structure conservée du Carbonifère inférieur français. Paléoobiologique Continentale 1: 1-221.
20. GALTIER, J. 1975. Variabilité anatomique et ramification des tiges de Calamopitys. Compte Rendu de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 280: 1967-1970.
21. GALTIER, J. 1988. Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of early pteridosperms. In C. B. Beck [ed.], Origin and evolution of gymnosperms, 135-176. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
22. GALTIER, J., AND C. B. BECK. 1992. Triichnia, a new eustelic calamopity-acean from the Lower Carboniferous of France. Palaeontographica 224B: 1-16.
23. GALTIER, J., AND B. MEYER-BERTHAUD. 1989. Studies of the Early Carboniferous pteridosperm Calamopitys, a redescription of the type material from Saalfeld (GDR). Palaeontographica 213B: 1-36.
24. GALTIER, J., AND A. C. SCOTT. 1986. Lyginorachis gordonii, nouvelle Ptéridospermale probable du Carbonifère Inférieur d'Ecosse. Compte Rendu de l'académie des Sciences, Paris 302: 251-256.
25. GIFFORD, E. M., AND A. S. FOSTER. 1989. The morphology and evolution of vascular plants, 3rd ed. W. H. Freeman, New York, New York, USA.
26. GORDON, W. T. 1912. On Rhetinangium arberi, a new genus of Cycadofilices from the Calciferous Sandstone Series. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 48: 813-825.
27. GORDON, W. T. 1938. On Tetrastichia bupatides, a Carboniferous pteridosperm from East Lothian. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 59: 351-370.
28. HIRMER, M. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der strukturbietenden Pflanzenreste des jüngeren Paläozoikens. Palaeontographica 77B: 121-140.
29. HOTTON, C. L., AND W. E. STEIN. 1994. An ontogenetic model for the Mississippian seed plant family Calamopityaceae. International Journal of Plant Science 155: 119-142.
30. JOY, K. W., A. J. WILLIS, AND W. S. LACEY. 1956. A rapid cellulose acetate peel method in paleobotany. Annals of the Botanical Society of London 20: 635-637.
31. KIDSTON, R., AND D. T. GWYNNE-VAUGHAN. 1912. On the Carboniferous flora of Berwickshire. Part 1. Stenomyelon tuedianum Kidston. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 48: 263-271.
32. KUBART, B. 1914. Über die Cycadofiliceen Heterangium und Lyginodendron aus dem Ostrauer Kohlenbecken. Oesterreichische botanische Zeitschrift 64: 8-19.
33. LESNIKOWSKA, A. D. 1990. Evidence of herbivory in tree-fern petioles from the Calhoun Coal (Upper Pennsylvanian) of Illinois. Palaios 5: 76-80.
34. LONG, A. G. 1961. Tristichia ovensi gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic Lower Carboniferous pteridosperm from Berwickshire and East Lothian, with an account of some associated seeds and cupules. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 64: 477-492.
35. LONG, A. G. 1964. Some specimens of Stenomyelon and Kalymma from the Calciferous Sandstone Series of Berwickshire. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 65: 435-447.
36. MAPES, G., AND G. W. ROTHWELL. 1980. Quaestora amplecta gen. et sp. n. a structurally simple medullosan stem from the Upper Mississippian of Arkansas. American Journal of Botany 67: 636-647.
37. MATTEN, L. C., W. S. LACEY, B. I. MAY, AND R. C. LUCAS. 1980. A megafossil flora from the uppermost Devonian near Ballyheigue, Co. Kerry, Ireland. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 29: 241-251.
38. MAY, B. I., AND L. C. MATTEN. 1983. A probable pteridosperm from the uppermost Devonian near Ballyheigue, County Kerry, Ireland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 86: 103-123.
39. MEEKS, L. K., A. L. TITUS, AND W. L. MANGER. 1997. Taphonomy and biostratigraphy of ammonoid cephalopods, Fayetteville Shale (middle Chesterian, Mississippian), Northern Arkansas. Proceedings of the XIII International Congress on the Carboniferous and Permian, Part 2 157: 311-317.
40. MEYER-BERTHAUD, B. 1990. Studies on a Lower Carboniferous flora from Kingswood near Pettycur, Scotland. III. Lyginorachis. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 63: 77-90.
41. MEYER-BERTHAUD, B., AND W. E. STEIN. 1995. A reinvestigation of Stenomyelon from the late Tournaisian of Scotland. International Journal of Plant Sciences 156: 863-895.
42. OLIVER, F. W., AND D. H. SCOTT. 1904. On the structure of the Paleozoic seed Lagenostoma lomaxi, with a statement of the evidence upon which it is referred to Lyginodendron. Royal Society of London, Philosophical Transactions B 197: 193-247.
43. OWENS, B., S. LOBOZIAK, AND R. COQUEL. 1979. Late Mississippian-Early Pennsylvanian miospore assemblages from northern Arkansas. In P. K. Sutherland and W. L. Manger [eds.], Neuvième Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère, Compte Rendu 2 377-384.
44. PHILLIPS, T. L. 1980. Stratigraphic and geographic occurrences of permineralized coal-swamp plants - Upper Carboniferous of North America and Europe. In D. L. Dilcher and T. N. Taylor [eds.], Biostratigraphy of fossil plants, 25-92. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, USA.
45. PIGG, K. B., R. A. STOCKEY, AND T. N. TAYLOR. 1986. Studies of Paleozoic seed ferns: additional studies of Microspermopteris aphyllum Baxter. Botanical Gazette 147: 126-136.
46. PIGG, K. B., T. N. TAYLOR, AND R. A. STOCKEY. 1987. Paleozoic seed ferns: Heterangium kentuckyensis sp. nov., from the Upper Carboniferous of North America. American Journal of Botany 74: 1184-1204.
47. POTONIE, H. 1899. Lehrbuch der Pflanzenpaleontologie mit besondere Rücksicht auf die Bedürfnisse des Geologen. Dümmber Berlin: 170-175, 230-233.
48. READ, C. B. 1936a. Flora of the New Albany Shale; I. Diichnia kentuckyensis, a new representative of the Calamopityeae. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 185: 149-161.
49. READ, C. B. 1936b. Flora of the New Albany Shale; II. The Calamopityeae and their relationships. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 186E: 81-104.
50. ROTHWELL, G. W. 1975. The Callistophytaceae (Pteridospermopsida): I. Vegetative structures. Palaeontographica 151B: 171-196.
51. ROTHWELL, G. W. 1981. The Callistophytales (Pteridospermopsida): reproductively sophisticated Paleozoic gymnosperms. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 32: 103-121.
52. ROTHWELL, G. W. 1982. New interpretations of the earliest conifers. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 37: 7-28.
53. ROTHWELL, G. W., AND T. N. TAYLOR. 1972. Carboniferous pteridosperm studies: morphology and anatomy of Schopfiastrum decussatum. Canadian Journal of Botany 50: 2649-2658.
54. ROWE, N. P., AND J. GALTIER. 1988. A large calamopityacean stem compression yielding anatomy from the Lower Carboniferous of France. Geobios 21: 109-115.
55. ROWE, N. P., T. SPECK, AND J. GALTIER. 1993. Biomechanical analysis of a Paleozoic gymnosperm stem. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 252: 19-28.
56. SCHOPF, J. M. 1975. Modes of fossil preservation. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 20: 27-53.
57. SCOTT, A. C., J. GALTIER, AND G. CLAYTON. 1984. Distribution of anatomically-preserved floras in the Lower Carboniferous in Western Europe. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 73: 311-340.
58. SCOTT, D. H. 1917. The heterangiums of the British Coal Measures. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 44: 59-105.
59. SCOTT, D. H. 1923. Studies in fossil botany. V. II, 3rd ed. A. & C. Black, London, UK.
60. SERBET, R., AND G. W. ROTHWELL. 1995. Functional morphology and homologies of gymnospermous ovules: evidence from a new species of Stephanospermum (Medullosales). Canadian Journal of Botany 73: 650-661.
61. SHADLE, G. L., AND B. M. STIDD. 1975. The frond of Heterangium. American Journal of Botany 62: 67-75.
62. SPORNE, K. R. 1974. The morphology of gymnosperms. Hutchinson, London, UK.
63. STEIN, W. E., AND C. B. BECK. 1978. Bostonia perplexa gen. et sp. nov., a calamopityan axis from the New Albany Shale of Kentucky. American Journal of Botany 65: 459-465.
64. STEIN, W. E., AND C. B. BECK. 1992. New information on Bostonia perplexa: an unusual member of the Calamopityaceae from North America. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 72: 73-102.
65. STEWART, W. N., AND G. W. ROTHWELL. 1993. Paleobotany and the evolution of plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
66. STIDD, B. 1979. A new species of Heterangium from the Illinois Basin of North America. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 28: 249-257.
67. STIDD, B., AND T L. PHILLIPS. 1973. The vegetative anatomy of Schopfiastrum decussatum from the middle Pennsylvanian of the Illinois Basin. American Journal of Botany 60: 463-474.
68. STUR, D. R. J. 1883. Zur morphologie und systematik der Culm and Carbonfarne. Sitzungsbericte der Akademie der Wissenschaften Wein 88: 633-846.
69. TAKHTAJAN, A. L. 1953. Phylogenetic principles of the system of higher plants. Botanical Review 19: 1-45.
70. TAYLOR, T. N., AND M. A. MILLAY. 1981. Morphologic variability of Pennsylvanian lyginopterid seed ferns. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 32: 27-62.
71. TAYLOR, T. N., AND R. A. STOCKEY. 1976. Studies of Paleozoic seed ferns: anatomy and morphology of Microspermopteris aphyllum. American Journal of Botany 63: 1302-1310.
72. TAYLOR, T. N., AND E. L. TAYLOR. 1993. The biology and evolution of fossil plants. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
73. TOMESCU, A. M. E, G. W. ROTHWELL, AND G. MAPES. 2001. Lyginopteris royalii sp. nov. from the Upper Mississippian of North America. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 116: 159-173.
74. WAGNER, R. H. 1984. Megafloral Zones of the Carboniferous. In P K. Sutherland and W. L. Manger [eds.], Neuvième Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère: Compte Rendu 2: 109-134.
75. WILLIAMSON, W. C. 1887. On the organization of fossil plants of the CoalMeasures; XIII. Heterangium tiliaeoides and Kaloxylon hookeri. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 178: 289-304.
76. WILLIAMSON, W. C. 1890. On the organization of fossil plants of the Coal-Measures; XVII. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 180: 89-106.