메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 537-556

Occupational blood-borne pathogen exposures among community workers

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUPUNCTURE; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; HEALTH PROGRAM; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; LAW SUIT; MEDICAL LITERATURE; NEEDLESTICK INJURY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PARAMEDICAL PERSONNEL; POLICE; POSTAL MAIL; PRIMARY PREVENTION; REVIEW; SCHOOL; SOCIAL WORKER; TATTOO; TATTOOING; WASTE DISPOSAL;

EID: 0042420737     PISSN: 15260046     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1526-0046(02)00023-7     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1)

References (90)
  • 1
    • 0023661798 scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in healthcare settings
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in healthcare settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep CDC Surveill Summ 1987;36: 1-18.
    • (1987) MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep. CDC Surveill Summ. , vol.36 , pp. 1-18
  • 2
    • 0024295819 scopus 로고
    • Update: Universal precautions for prevention of transmission of HIV, HBV & other bloodborne pathogens in health-care settings
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: universal precautions for prevention of transmission of HIV, HBV & other bloodborne pathogens in health-care settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep CDC Surveill Summ 1988;37:377-88.
    • (1988) MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep. CDC Surveill Summ. , vol.37 , pp. 377-388
  • 3
    • 0019874508 scopus 로고
    • Survival of hepatitis B virus after drying and storage for one week
    • [letter]
    • Bond WW, Favero MS, Peterson NJ. Survival of hepatitis B virus after drying and storage for one week [letter]. Lancet 1981;1:550-1.
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 550-551
    • Bond, W.W.1    Favero, M.S.2    Peterson, N.J.3
  • 4
    • 0035968189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HBV, HCV and HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HBV, HCV and HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). MMWR Mor Mortal Wkly Rep CDC Surveill Summ 2001;50: 1-52.
    • (2001) MMWR Mor. Mortal Wkly. Rep. CDC Surveill. Summ. , vol.50 , pp. 1-52
  • 5
    • 0019966966 scopus 로고
    • Accidental hepatitis B surface antigen positive inoculations: Use of e antigen to estimate infectivity
    • Werner BG, Grady GF. Accidental hepatitis B surface antigen positive inoculations: use of e antigen to estimate infectivity. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:367-9.
    • (1982) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.97 , pp. 367-369
    • Werner, B.G.1    Grady, G.F.2
  • 6
    • 0042098835 scopus 로고
    • Sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis in the hospital
    • Lennette EH, Balows A, Hausler WJ, Shadomy HJ, editors. 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology
    • Favero MS. Sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis in the hospital. In: Lennette EH, Balows A, Hausler WJ, Shadomy HJ, editors. Manual of clinical microbiology. 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1985. p. 129-37.
    • (1985) Manual of Clinical Microbiology , pp. 129-137
    • Favero, M.S.1
  • 7
    • 0016326288 scopus 로고
    • Epidemic hepatitis in a clinical laboratory: Possible association with computer card handling
    • Pattison CP, Boyer KM, Maynard JE, Kelly PC. Epidemic hepatitis in a clinical laboratory: possible association with computer card handling. JAMA 1974;230:854-7.
    • (1974) JAMA , vol.230 , pp. 854-857
    • Pattison, C.P.1    Boyer, K.M.2    Maynard, J.E.3    Kelly, P.C.4
  • 8
    • 16544379964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of acute and chronic hepatitis C
    • Alter MJ. The epidemiology of acute and chronic hepatitis C. Clin Liver Dis 1997;1:559-68.
    • (1997) Clin. Liver Dis. , vol.1 , pp. 559-568
    • Alter, M.J.1
  • 9
    • 0005504340 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C
    • Haubrich WS, Schaffner F, Berk JE, editors. 5th edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • Davis GL, Lau JYN. Hepatitis C. In: Haubrich WS, Schaffner F, Berk JE, editors. Gastroenterology. 5th edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1995. p. 2082-114.
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , pp. 2082-2114
    • Davis, G.L.1    Lau, J.Y.N.2
  • 11
    • 0026459067 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection in medical personnel after needlestick accident
    • Mitsui T, Iwano K, Masuko K. Hepatitis C virus infection in medical personnel after needlestick accident. Hepatology 1992;16:1109-14.
    • (1992) Hepatology , vol.16 , pp. 1109-1114
    • Mitsui, T.1    Iwano, K.2    Masuko, K.3
  • 12
    • 0028790181 scopus 로고
    • Italian study group on occupational risk of HIV and other bloodborne infections: Risk of hepatitis C seroconversion after occupational exposure in healthcare workers
    • Puro V, Petrosillo N, Ippolito G. Italian study group on occupational risk of HIV and other bloodborne infections: risk of hepatitis C seroconversion after occupational exposure in healthcare workers. Am J Infect Control 1995;23:273-7.
    • (1995) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.23 , pp. 273-277
    • Puro, V.1    Petrosillo, N.2    Ippolito, G.3
  • 13
    • 0028241378 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative detection of hepatitis C virus RNA with a solid-phase signal amplification method: Definitely of optimal conditions for specimen collection and clinical application in interferon-treated patients
    • Davis GL, Lau JY-N, Urdea MS. Quantitative detection of hepatitis C virus RNA with a solid-phase signal amplification method: definitely of optimal conditions for specimen collection and clinical application in interferon-treated patients. Hepatology 1994;19:1337-41.
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.19 , pp. 1337-1341
    • Davis, G.L.1    Lau, J.Y.-N.2    Urdea, M.S.3
  • 14
    • 0030831196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in healthcare workers: An overview
    • Bell DM. Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in healthcare workers: an overview. Am J Med 1997;102(suppl):9-14.
    • (1997) Am. J. Med. , vol.102 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 9-14
    • Bell, D.M.1
  • 15
    • 0023662246 scopus 로고
    • Update: Human immunodeficiency virus infections in health-care workers exposed to blood of infected patients
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: human immunodeficiency virus infections in health-care workers exposed to blood of infected patients. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep CDC Surveill Summ 1987;36:285-9.
    • (1987) MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep. CDC Surveill. Summ. , vol.36 , pp. 285-289
  • 16
    • 0025755742 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of nonparenteral occupational exposures to blood and body fluids before and after universal precautions training
    • Fahey BJ, Koziol DE, Banks SM, Henderson DK. Frequency of nonparenteral occupational exposures to blood and body fluids before and after universal precautions training. Am J Med 1991;90:145-53.
    • (1991) Am. J. Med. , vol.90 , pp. 145-153
    • Fahey, B.J.1    Koziol, D.E.2    Banks, S.M.3    Henderson, D.K.4
  • 17
    • 0025053656 scopus 로고
    • Risk for occupational transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) associated with clinical exposures: A prospective evaluation
    • Henderson DK, Fahey BJ, Willy M. Risk for occupational transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) associated with clinical exposures: a prospective evaluation. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:740-6.
    • (1990) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.113 , pp. 740-746
    • Henderson, D.K.1    Fahey, B.J.2    Willy, M.3
  • 18
    • 0042294879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cupping therapy: Traditional chinese medicine
    • London: Churchill Livingstone
    • Chirali IZ. Cupping therapy: traditional chinese medicine. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Chirali, I.Z.1
  • 20
    • 0022634782 scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of hepatitis B associated with acupuncture
    • Stryker WS, Gunn RA, Francis DP. Outbreak of hepatitis B associated with acupuncture. J Fam Pract 1986;22:155-8.
    • (1986) J. Fam. Pract. , vol.22 , pp. 155-158
    • Stryker, W.S.1    Gunn, R.A.2    Francis, D.P.3
  • 21
    • 0032858550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis C virus in Taiwan: Prevalence and risk factors based on a nationwide survey
    • Sun CA, Chen HC, Lu CF. Transmission of hepatitis C virus in Taiwan: prevalence and risk factors based on a nationwide survey. J Med Virol 1999;59:290-6.
    • (1999) J. Med. Virol. , vol.59 , pp. 290-296
    • Sun, C.A.1    Chen, H.C.2    Lu, C.F.3
  • 22
    • 0024498426 scopus 로고
    • Acute HIV infection after acupuncture treatments
    • Vittecoq D, Mettetal JF. Acute HIV infection after acupuncture treatments. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:250-1.
    • (1989) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.320 , pp. 250-251
    • Vittecoq, D.1    Mettetal, J.F.2
  • 23
    • 0042306291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical devices: Reclassification of acupuncture needles for the practice of acupuncture, final rule
    • Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration
    • Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. Medical devices: reclassification of acupuncture needles for the practice of acupuncture, final rule. Federal Register 1996;61:64616-7.
    • (1996) Federal Register , vol.61 , pp. 64616-64617
  • 24
    • 0041597942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hazard evaluation and technical assistance report: Dallas Institute of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
    • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Dallas, TX. Cincinnati, OH: US Department of Health and Human Services, US Public Health Service, CDC; NIOSH HETA report no. 2000-0341-2839
    • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Hazard evaluation and technical assistance report: Dallas Institute of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, Dallas, TX. Cincinnati, OH: US Department of Health and Human Services, US Public Health Service, CDC; 2001. p. 1-16. NIOSH HETA report no. 2000-0341-2839.
    • (2001) , pp. 1-16
  • 25
    • 0027466049 scopus 로고
    • Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among hospital staff and acupuncturists in Kyushu, Japan
    • Nakashima K, Kashiwagi S, Hayashi J, Noguchi A, Hirata M, Ikeda S, et al. Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among hospital staff and acupuncturists in Kyushu, Japan. J Infect 1993;26:17-25.
    • (1993) J. Infect. , vol.26 , pp. 17-25
    • Nakashima, K.1    Kashiwagi, S.2    Hayashi, J.3    Noguchi, A.4    Hirata, M.5    Ikeda, S.6
  • 26
    • 0034791248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of potential bloodborne pathogen exposures among body piercers
    • Weber AM. Evaluation of potential bloodborne pathogen exposures among body piercers. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001;16:925-35.
    • (2001) Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , vol.16 , pp. 925-935
    • Weber, A.M.1
  • 27
    • 0026418430 scopus 로고
    • Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens: Final rule
    • U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    • U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens: final rule. Federal Register 1991;56:64004-182.
    • (1991) Federal Register , vol.56 , pp. 64004-64182
  • 28
    • 0028267367 scopus 로고
    • Infectious complications of tattooing
    • Long GE, Rickman LS. Infectious complications of tattooing. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18:610-9.
    • (1994) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 610-619
    • Long, G.E.1    Rickman, L.S.2
  • 30
    • 0028970176 scopus 로고
    • State and territorial regulation of tattooing in the United States
    • Tope WD. State and territorial regulation of tattooing in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;32:791-9.
    • (1995) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.32 , pp. 791-799
    • Tope, W.D.1
  • 31
    • 24444448829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical waste
    • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Available at: Accessed April 5
    • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Medical waste. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/medical/. Accessed April 5, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 32
    • 0032913966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of blood-splash exposures of medical waste treatment workers
    • Leese KE, Cole EC, Jensen PA. Assessment of blood-splash exposures of medical waste treatment workers. J Environ Health 1999;61:8-11.
    • (1999) J. Environ. Health , vol.61 , pp. 8-11
    • Leese, K.E.1    Cole, E.C.2    Jensen, P.A.3
  • 34
    • 0042599934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical assistance manual: State regulatory oversight of medical waste treatment technologies a report of the state and territorial association on alternative treatment technologies
    • State and Territorial Association on Alternative Treatment Technologies (STAATT). Palo Alto, CA: EPRI
    • State and Territorial Association on Alternative Treatment Technologies (STAATT). Technical assistance manual: state regulatory oversight of medical waste treatment technologies a report of the state and territorial association on alternative treatment technologies. Palo Alto, CA: EPRI; 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 35
    • 24444449544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syringe disposal
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: Accessed April 18
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Syringe disposal. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/idu/facts/aed_idu_dis.htm Accessed April 18, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 36
    • 13144252209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sterile syringe for every drug user injection: How many injections take place annually, and how might pharmacists contribute to syringe distribution?
    • Lurie P, Jones TS, Foley J. A sterile syringe for every drug user injection: how many injections take place annually, and how might pharmacists contribute to syringe distribution? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1998;18(suppl):S45-51.
    • (1998) J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr. , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Lurie, P.1    Jones, T.S.2    Foley, J.3
  • 37
    • 0042599932 scopus 로고
    • The public health implications of medical waste: A report to Congress
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, ATSDR
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). The public health implications of medical waste: a report to Congress. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, ATSDR; 1990.
    • (1990)
  • 38
    • 0025050891 scopus 로고
    • Survey of occupational exposure of waste industry workers to infectious waste in Washington State
    • Turnberg WL, Frost F. Survey of occupational exposure of waste industry workers to infectious waste in Washington State. Am J Public Health 1990;80:1262-4.
    • (1990) Am. J. Public Health , vol.80 , pp. 1262-1264
    • Turnberg, W.L.1    Frost, F.2
  • 39
    • 0016670415 scopus 로고
    • Health and safety in the solid waste industry
    • Cimino JA. Health and safety in the solid waste industry. Am J Public Health 1975;65:38-46.
    • (1975) Am. J. Public Health , vol.65 , pp. 38-46
    • Cimino, J.A.1
  • 41
    • 0029748274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York City police officers incidence of transcutaneous exposures
    • August
    • Pagane J, Chanmugam A, Kirsch T, Kelen GD. New York City police officers incidence of transcutaneous exposures. Occup Med (Lond) August 1996;46:285-8.
    • (1996) Occup. Med. (Lond) , vol.46 , pp. 285-288
    • Pagane, J.1    Chanmugam, A.2    Kirsch, T.3    Kelen, G.D.4
  • 42
    • 0028274665 scopus 로고
    • Occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected blood in Denver, Colorado police officers
    • Hoffman RE, Henderson N, O'Keefe K, Wood RC. Occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected blood in Denver, Colorado police officers. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:910-7.
    • (1994) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.139 , pp. 910-917
    • Hoffman, R.E.1    Henderson, N.2    O'Keefe, K.3    Wood, R.C.4
  • 43
    • 0033973237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational needlestick injuries in a metropolitan police force
    • Lorentz J, Hill L, Samimi B. Occupational needlestick injuries in a metropolitan police force. Am J Prev Med 2000;18:146-50.
    • (2000) Am. J. Prev. Med. , vol.18 , pp. 146-150
    • Lorentz, J.1    Hill, L.2    Samimi, B.3
  • 44
  • 45
    • 0042098833 scopus 로고
    • Domestic mail manual section C042: Hazardous materials - Section 8.0: Etiologic agent preparation, clinical specimens and biological products
    • US Postal Service
    • US Postal Service. Domestic mail manual section C042: hazardous materials - section 8.0: etiologic agent preparation, clinical specimens and biological products. 1993;46.
    • (1993) , pp. 46
  • 46
    • 0028486975 scopus 로고
    • United States Postal Service: Mailability of sharps and other used medical devices
    • Turnberg WL. United States Postal Service: mailability of sharps and other used medical devices. Med Waste Anal 1994;2:1-6.
    • (1994) Med. Waste Anal. , vol.2 , pp. 1-6
    • Turnberg, W.L.1
  • 47
    • 0042599859 scopus 로고
    • Hazard evaluation and technical assistance report: US Postal Service, New Jersey international and bulk mail center
    • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Jersey City, NJ. Cincinnati, OH: US Department of Health and Human Services, US Public Health Service, CDC; NIOSH HETA report no. 93-1041-2439
    • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Hazard evaluation and technical assistance report: US Postal Service, New Jersey international and bulk mail center, Jersey City, NJ. Cincinnati, OH: US Department of Health and Human Services, US Public Health Service, CDC; 1994. p. 1-13. NIOSH HETA report no. 93-1041-2439.
    • (1994) , pp. 1-13
  • 48
    • 0033211059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with occupational exposure and compliance with universal precautions in an urban school district
    • Blake SM. Factors associated with occupational exposure and compliance with universal precautions in an urban school district. Health Educ Behav 1999;26:734-50.
    • (1999) Health Educ. Behav. , vol.26 , pp. 734-750
    • Blake, S.M.1
  • 49
    • 0032781539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues related to human immunodeficiency virus transmission in schools, child care, medical settings, the home, and community
    • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • American Academy of Pediatrics. Issues related to human immunodeficiency virus transmission in schools, child care, medical settings, the home, and community. Pediatrics 1999;104: 318-24.
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.104 , pp. 318-324
  • 50
    • 0043100737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Police and corrections
    • Hessl SM. Police and corrections. Occup Med 2001;16:39-49.
    • (2001) Occup. Med. , vol.16 , pp. 39-49
    • Hessl, S.M.1
  • 51
    • 0032824510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sewer workers: Occupational risk for hepatitis C - Report of two cases and review of literature
    • Brautbar N, Navizadeh N. Sewer workers: occupational risk for hepatitis C - report of two cases and review of literature. Arch Environ Health 1999;54:328-30.
    • (1999) Arch. Environ. Health , vol.54 , pp. 328-330
    • Brautbar, N.1    Navizadeh, N.2
  • 52
    • 0029281038 scopus 로고
    • Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among funeral service practitioners in Maryland
    • Gershon RR. Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among funeral service practitioners in Maryland. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:194-7.
    • (1995) Infect Control Hosp. Epidemiol. , vol.16 , pp. 194-197
    • Gershon, R.R.1
  • 53
    • 0032985949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Needlestick injury in clothing industry workers and the risks of blood-borne infection
    • Ind JE, Jeffries DJ. Needlestick injury in clothing industry workers and the risks of blood-borne infection. Occup Med 1999;49:47-9.
    • (1999) Occup. Med. , vol.49 , pp. 47-49
    • Ind, J.E.1    Jeffries, D.J.2
  • 54
    • 0027202595 scopus 로고
    • Needlestick and sharps injuries in hygiene service engineers
    • Williams NR. Needlestick and sharps injuries in hygiene service engineers. Occup Med 1993;43:132-4.
    • (1993) Occup. Med. , vol.43 , pp. 132-134
    • Williams, N.R.1
  • 55
    • 0035156889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying and prioritizing gaming workers' health and safety concerns using mapping for data collection
    • Keith MM. Identifying and prioritizing gaming workers' health and safety concerns using mapping for data collection. Am J Ind Med 2001;39:42-51.
    • (2001) Am. J. Ind. Med. , vol.39 , pp. 42-51
    • Keith, M.M.1
  • 56
    • 0042098761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crane v State of Washington, 13 P.3d 642 (Wash Ct App)
    • Crane v State of Washington, 13 P.3d 642 (Wash Ct App 2000).
    • (2000)
  • 57
    • 0042098753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dunlap v Levine, No. 0479B (NY App Div)
    • Dunlap v Levine, No. 0479B (NY App Div 2000).
    • (2000)
  • 58
    • 0042098763 scopus 로고
    • Castro v New York Life Insurance Company, 588 NYS2d 695 (NY Sup Ct)
    • Castro v New York Life Insurance Company, 588 NYS2d 695 (NY Sup Ct 1991).
    • (1991)
  • 59
    • 0043100725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanders v State of Washington, Wash App LEXIS 150
    • Sanders v State of Washington, Wash App LEXIS 150 (1997).
    • (1997)
  • 60
    • 0041597849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doe v Hi-Stat Manufacturing Company, Lexis 1743 (Ohio App)
    • Doe v Hi-Stat Manufacturing Company, Lexis 1743 (Ohio App 2001).
    • (2001)
  • 61
    • 0042599862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowhorn v Carle Foundation Hospital, 95 WC 02674 (Ill Ind Comm)
    • Lowhorn v Carle Foundation Hospital, 95 WC 02674 (Ill Ind Comm 2000).
    • (2000)
  • 62
    • 0041597835 scopus 로고
    • Browning-Ferris Industry of PA, Inc. v WC Appeal Board, 617 A.2d 846 PA
    • Browning-Ferris Industry of PA, Inc. v WC Appeal Board, 617 A.2d 846 (PA 1992).
    • (1992)
  • 63
    • 0041597846 scopus 로고
    • DiMilio v Schrager, 666 A2d 627 NJ
    • DiMilio v Schrager, 666 A2d 627 (NJ 1995).
    • (1995)
  • 64
    • 0041597850 scopus 로고
    • Rosas v WC Appeal Board, 20 Cal Rptr 2d 778
    • Rosas v WC Appeal Board, 20 Cal Rptr 2d 778 (1993).
    • (1993)
  • 65
    • 0041597845 scopus 로고
    • Sprague v City of Lafayette, 635 So 2d 603 La App 3rd Cir
    • Sprague v City of Lafayette, 635 So 2d 603 La App 3rd Cir (1994).
    • (1994)
  • 66
    • 0041597847 scopus 로고
    • Marchica v Long Island Railway Company, 31 F 3d 1197 2nd Cir
    • Marchica v Long Island Railway Company, 31 F 3d 1197 2nd Cir (1994).
    • (1994)
  • 67
    • 0041597844 scopus 로고
    • Arkansas Dept. of Corrections v Holybee, 878 SW2d 420 Ark
    • Arkansas Dept. of Corrections v Holybee, 878 SW2d 420 (Ark 1994).
    • (1994)
  • 68
    • 0042599863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCI Waymart v Workers' Compensation Appeal Board, PA. Commonw LEXIS 707
    • SCI Waymart v Workers' Compensation Appeal Board, PA. Commonw LEXIS 707 (2000).
    • (2000)
  • 69
    • 0042098766 scopus 로고
    • Johnson v West Virginia Univ. Hosp., 413 SE2d 889 (W Va)
    • Johnson v West Virginia Univ. Hosp., 413 SE2d 889 (W Va 1991).
    • (1991)
  • 70
    • 0042599864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Williams v City of Rawlins, 2 P.3d 543 Wyoming
    • Williams v City of Rawlins, 2 P.3d 543 Wyoming (2000).
    • (2000)
  • 71
    • 0043100732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sparks v Delray Beach Police Dept. Fla
    • Sparks v Delray Beach Police Dept. Fla (1997).
    • (1997)
  • 72
    • 0041597848 scopus 로고
    • Kaufman v Physical Measurements, Inc., 615 NYS2d 508
    • Kaufman v Physical Measurements, Inc., 615 NYS2d 508 (1994).
    • (1994)
  • 73
    • 0042599867 scopus 로고
    • Madrid v Lincoln City Medical Center, 909 P 2d 14 NM
    • Madrid v Lincoln City Medical Center, 909 P 2d 14 (NM 1995).
    • (1995)
  • 74
    • 0042599868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heilman v Microsoft Corp., No 98-3202 ED La
    • Heilman v Microsoft Corp., No 98-3202 (ED La 1999).
    • (1999)
  • 75
    • 0041597856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roes v FHP, Inc., 985 P 2d 661, 91 Haw 470
    • Roes v FHP, Inc., 985 P 2d 661, 91 Haw 470 (1999).
    • (1999)
  • 76
    • 0043100736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muir v C.R. Bard, Inc., 519 SE2d 583, 336 SC 266
    • Muir v C.R. Bard, Inc., 519 SE2d 583, 336 SC 266 (1999).
    • (1999)
  • 77
    • 0041597939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K-Mart v Evenson, 1P.3d 477
    • K-Mart v Evenson, 1P.3d 477 (2000).
    • (2000)
  • 78
    • 0042098834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neier v State of Illinois, Dept. of Mental Health, Howe Development Center (Ill Ind Comm)
    • Neier v State of Illinois, Dept. of Mental Health, Howe Development Center (Ill Ind Comm 1996).
    • (1996)
  • 79
    • 0041597854 scopus 로고
    • Enid State School v Mitchell, 590 P2d 1179 (Ok)
    • Enid State School v Mitchell, 590 P2d 1179 (Ok 1978).
    • (1978)
  • 80
    • 0041597855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colona v Accomack County School Board, 52 Va Cir 421
    • Colona v Accomack County School Board, 52 Va Cir 421 (2000).
    • (2000)
  • 81
    • 0041597941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Congress. Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act; Public Law 106-430. HR5178
    • U.S. Congress. Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act; 2000. Public Law 106-430. HR5178.
    • (2000)
  • 82
    • 0042599861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive approach: Preventing blood-borne infections among injection drug users: Appendix A
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: Accessed April 17
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A comprehensive approach: preventing blood-borne infections among injection drug users: appendix A. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/idu/pubs/ca/appendixA.htm. Accessed April 17, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 83
    • 0043100738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. 2001;13:12.
    • (2001) HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report , vol.13 , pp. 12
  • 84
    • 0043100811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access to sterile syringes
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: Accessed April 18
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Access to sterile syringes. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/idu/facts/aed_idu_acc.htm Accessed April 18, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 87
    • 0003407353 scopus 로고
    • Preventing HIV transmission: The role of sterile needles and bleach
    • Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • Normand J, Vlahov D, Moses LE. Preventing HIV transmission: the role of sterile needles and bleach. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1995.
    • (1995)
    • Normand, J.1    Vlahov, D.2    Moses, L.E.3
  • 88
    • 4243723941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syringe exchange programs
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: Accessed April 18
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Syringe exchange programs. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/idu/facts/aed_idu_syr.htm Accessed April 18, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 89
    • 4243581474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacy sales of sterile syringes
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: Accessed April 18
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pharmacy sales of sterile syringes. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/idu/facts/aed_idu_phar.htm Accessed April 18, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 90
    • 0043100731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy efforts to increase IDU's access to sterile syringes
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: Accessed April 18
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Policy efforts to increase IDU's access to sterile syringes. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/idu/facts/aed_idu_pol.htm. Accessed April 18, 2002.
    • (2002)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.