Hydrothermal alteration and fluid geochemistry of the Tongonan Geothermal Field, Philippines

Resource Geology

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 117-134

  Scott, Graeme L ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

^b NONE   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Fluid geochemistry; Hydrothermal alteration; Philippines; Tongonan

Indexed keywords

ANHYDRITE; BATHOLITH; CARBON DIOXIDE; FAULT ZONE; FLUID INCLUSION; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; MIOCENE; PLIOCENE; QUATERNARY; RESERVOIR ROCK; UPLIFT;

EASTERN VISAYAS; LEYTE [(ISL) VISAYAS]; PHILIPPINES; TONGONAN GEOTHERMAL FIELD; VISAYAS;

EID: 0042405072     PISSN: 13441698     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-3928.2001.tb00086.x     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Arevalo, E. M. (1985) Fluid-rock Interaction and Physio-chemical Environments of Alteration and Mineralisation in the Tongonan Geothermal System, Leyte, Philippines. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Auckland, 193p.
2. Arnorsson, S., Gunnlaugsson, E. and Sigurdsson, S. (1978) Aquifer chemistry of four high temperature geothermal systems in Iceland. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42, 523-536.
3. Barnes, H. L. (1979) Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. 2nd edn. Wiley, NewYork, 398p.
4. Bird, D. K. and Helgeson, H. C. (1981) Chemical interactions of aqueous solutions with epidote-feldspar mineral assemblages in geologic systems. II. Equilibrium constraints in metamorphic/geothermal processes. Amer. Jour. Sci., 281, 576-614.
5. Bird, D. K. and Norton, D. L. (1981) Theoretical prediction of phase relations among aqueous solutions and minerals, Salton Sea geothermal system. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45, 1479-1493.
6. Bird, D. K., Schiffman, P., Elders, W. A., Williams, A. E. and McDowell, S. D. (1984) Calc-silicate mineralisation in active geothermal systems. Econ. Geol., 79, 671-695.
7. Black, P. M. (1972) Hornfelses from Paritu, Coromandel County. Jour. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, 2, 211-228.
8. 2O. Amer. Mineral., 58, 323-331.
9. Bowers, T. S., Jackson, K. J. and Helgeson, H. C. (1984) Equilibrium Activity Diagrams. Springer-Verlag, 397p.
10. Browne, P. R. L. (1978) Hydrothermal alteration in active geothermal fields. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 6, 229-250.
11. Browne, P. R. L. and Ellis, A. J. (1970) The Ohaaki-Broadlands hydrothermal area, New Zealand: Mineralogy and related geochemistry. Amer. Jour. Sci., 269, 97-131.
12. Cardwell, R. K., Isacks, B. L. and Karig, D. E. (1980) The spatial distribution of earthquakes, focal mechanism solutions, and subducted lithosphere in the Philippine and northeastern Indonesian islands. in The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands. Amer. Geophys. Union Geophys. Monograph, 23, 1-36.
13. de Caritat, P., Hutcheon, I. and Walshe, J. L. (1993) Chlorite geothermometry: A review. Clays and Clay Minerals, 41, 219-239.
14. Cathelineau, M. and Nieva, D. (1985) Chlorite solid-solution geothermometer. The Los Azufres (Mexico) geothermal system. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 91, 235-244.
15. Cavarretta, G., Gianelli, G. and Puxeddu, M. (1982) Formation of authigenic minerals and their use as indicators of the physiochemical parameters of the fluid in the Larderello-Travale geothermal field. Econ. Geol., 77, 1071-1084.
16. Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A. and Zussman, J. (1969) An Introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals. Longmans, 528p.
17. Ellis, A. J. (1970) Quantitative interpretation of chemical characteristics of hydrothermal systems. Geothermics Spec. Issue, 2, 516-528.
18. Ellis, A. J. (1979) Explored geothermal systems. in Barnes, H. L. (ed.) Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. 2nd edn., 632-683, Wiley, New York.
19. Ellis, A. J. and Mahon, W. A. J. (1964) Natural hydrothermal systems and experimental hot water/rock interactions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 28, 1323-1357.
20. Ellis, A. J. and Mahon, W. A. J. (1967) Natural hydrothermal systems and experimental hot water/rock interactions (Part II). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 31, 519-538.
21. Ellis, A. J. and Mahon, W. A. J. (1977) Chemistry and Geothermal Systems. Academic Press, 392p.
22. Fournier, R. O. and Truesdell, A. H. (1973) An empirical Na-K-Ca geothermometer for natural waters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 37, 1255-1275.
23. Giggenbach, W. F. (1984) Mass transfer in hydrothermal alteration systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48, 2693-2711.
24. Goguel, R. (1983) The rare alkalies in hydrothermal alteration at Wairakei and Broadlands geothermal fields, New Zealand. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47, 429-437.
25. 2. in Abelson P. H. (ed.) Researches in Geochemistry, Vol. 2, 542-567.
26. Helgeson, H. C., Delany, J. M., Nesbit, H. W. and Bird, D. K. (1978) Summary and Critique of the Thermodynamic Properties of Rock Forming Minerals. Amer. Jour. Sci., 278A, 229p.
27. 2O and some general implications for alteration/mineralisation processes. Econ. Geol., 75, 210-228.
28. Henley, R. W. and McNabb, A. (1978) Magmatic vapour plumes and ground-water interaction in porphyry copper emplacement. Econ. Geol., 73, 1-20.
29. Henley, R. W., Truesdell, A. H. and Barton, P. B. (1984) Fluid-mineral Equilibria in Hydrothermal Systems. Rev. Econ. Geol., Vol. 1, Soc. Econ. Geol., 267p.
30. Hilde, T. W. C. and Lee, C. (1984) Origin and evolution of the West Philippine Basin: A new interpretation. Tectonophys., 102, 85-104.
31. Holland, H. D. and Malinin, S. D. (1979) The solubility and occurrence of non-ore minerals. in Barnes, H. L. (ed.) Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. 2nd edn., 461-508, Wiley, New York.
32. Kakimoto, P. K. (1983) Hydrothermal Alteration and Fluid-rock Interaction in the TH3 and THM1 Drillholes, Tauhara Geothermal Field, N.Z. M. Phil. Thesis, Univ. Auckland, 154p.
33. Kilinc, I. A. and Burnham, C. W. (1972) Partitioning of chloride between a silicate melt and coexisting aqueous phase from 2 to 8 kb. Econ. Geol., 67, 231-235.
34. Knox, J. (1983) The Margins of the Tongonan Geothermal Field. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Auckland, 113p.
35. Kristmannsdottir, H. (1981) Wollastonite from hydrothermal altered basaltic rocks in Iceland. Mineral. Mag., 44, 95-99.
36. Leach, T. M. (1981) Tongonan Wells 1R3, 209, 402, 403, 405, 408, 409, 504, 505, and 507. Unpubl. K.R.T.A. Petrol. Rept.
37. Leach, T. M., Umali, D. U. and del Rosario, R. C. (1985) Epithermal mineralisation in an active island arc: Bacon-Manito geothermal system, Philippines. in Proc. 7th New Zealand Geotherm. Workshop, 109-144.
38. Lovelock, B. G., Cope, D. M. and Baltazar, A. J. (1982) A hydrogeochemical model for the Tongonan geothermal field. in Proc. 4th New Zealand Geotherm. Workshop, 259-264.
39. Mahon, W. A. J. (1966) Silica in hot water discharged from drillholes at Wairakei, New Zealand. New Zealand Jour. Sci., 9, 135-144.
40. McDowell, S. D. (1978) Layer Silicate Minerals in Borehole Elmore #1, Salton Sea Geothermal Field. UCR/IGPP-78/15, 66p.
41. McDowell, S. D. and McCurry, M. (1978) Mineralogical Variations in Borehole Elmore #1, Salton Sea Geothermal Field. UCR/IGPP-78/11, 37p.
42. Pollitz, F. F. (1986) Pliocene change in Pacific plate motion. Nature, 320, 738.
43. Reyes, A. G. (1979) The borehole geology and alteration mineralogy of Malitbog-1, Tongonan, Leyte, Philippines. in UNU Geotherm. Training Progr. Rept., 1979-1, Iceland, 84p.
44. Richardson, C. K. and Holland, H. D. (1979) Fluorite deposition in hydrothermal systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 43, 1327-1335.
45. Rimstidt, J. D. and Barnes, H. L. (1980) Kinetics of silica-water reactions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 44, 1683-1699.
46. Sarmiento, Z. F., Sarit, A. D. and Salera, J. M. (1985) Response of the production and reinjection wells during the initial exploitation of the Tongonan geothermal field. in Proc. 7th New Zealand Geotherm. Workshop, 81-85.
47. Scott, G. L. (1988) The Fluid-rock Interaction History of the Tongonan Geothermal Field, Philippines. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Auckland, 370 p. (Dissertation Abstr. Intern., 49-12B, 5195, Univ. Microfilms Intern. Order Number DEW 8904866)
48. Scott, G. L. (1989) Magmatic chloride and metals in fluids, Tongonan geothermal field, Philippines. Jour. Volcan. Geotherm. Research, 38, 355-360.
49. Scott, G. L. (1990) A fluid-inclusion investigation of the Tongonan geothermal field, Philippines. Geothermics, 19, 259-271.
50. Scott, G. L. (2000) The heat source for the Tongonan Geothermal Field. Island Arc, 9, 513-526.
51. Scott, G. L., Kusakabe, M., Hirabayashi, J., Ohba, T., Nagao, K. and Kita, I. (1994) Geochemical evolution and origin of volcanic gases and springs in Japan. Jour. Geol. Soc. Philippines, 49, 89-110.
52. Seno, T. (1977) The instantaneous rotation vector of the Philippine sea plate relative to the Eurasian plate. Tectonophys., 42, 209-226.
53. +3 contents in amphiboles. Computer Geosci., 10, 317-325.
54. Steiner, A. (1968) Clay minerals in hydrothermally altered rocks at Wairakei, N.Z. Clays Clay Minerals, 16, 193-213.
55. Taylor, B. E. and Liou, J. R. (1978) The low temperature stability of andradite in C-O-H fluids. Amer. Mineral., 63, 378-393.
56. Truesdell, A. H. and Singers, W. (1974) ENTHALP, a computer programme for the calculation of aquifer chemistry in hot water geothermal systems. U. S. Geol. Surv. Jour. Research, 2, 271-278.
57. Uyeda, S. and Ben-Avraham, Z. (1972) Origin and development of the Philippine Sea. Nature, 240, 176-178.
58. Ward, C. W. (1979) The geology and hydrothermal alteration of the Tongonan geothermal field. in Proc. 1st New Zealand Geotherm. Workshop, 113-125.
59. White, D. E. (1965) Saline waters of sedimentary origin. Mem. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geol., 4, 342-366.
60. White, D. E. (1974) Diverse origins of hydrothermal fluids. Econ. Geol., 69, 954-973.
61. White, D. E., Muffler, L. J. P. and Truesdell, A. H. (1971) Vapour-dominated hydrothermal systems compared with hot-water systems. Econ. Geol., 66, 75-97.
62. Wood, C. P. (1976-81) Tongonan Wells 101, 102, 103, 105, 1R10, 202, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 2R2, 303, 401, 404, 406, 407, 501, and 503. Unpubl. D.S.I.R. Petrol. Rept.
63. Youngman, K. J. (1984) Hydrothermal Alteration of the El Tatio Geothermal Field, Chile. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Auckland, 123p.