Development of a gallium-doped germanium far-infrared photoconductor direct hybrid two-dimensional array

Applied Optics

Volumn 42, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 2166-2173

  Hirao, Takanori ^b   Kawada, Mitsunobu ^b   Shibai, Hiroshi ^b   Matsuura, Shuji ^c   Kaneda, Hidehiro ^c   Patrashin, Mikhail ^c   Nakagawa, Takao ^c  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^b NAGOYA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARRAYS; CRYOGENICS; DOPING (ADDITIVES); GALLIUM; GERMANIUM; INFRARED RADIATION; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; THERMAL NOISE;

SOLID SPECTROSCOPY;

PHOTOCONDUCTING MATERIALS;

EID: 0042383229     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.42.002166     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. P. Cox and P. G. Mezger, “The galactic infrared/submillimeter dust radiation,” Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 1, 49-83 (1989).
2. C. J. Lonsdale, P. B. Hacking, and T. P. Conrow, “Galaxy evolution and large-scale structure in the far-infrared. II. The IRAS faint source survey,” Astrophys. J. 358, 60-80 (1990).
3. H. Shibai, S. Arimura, M. Tanaka, T. Teshima, Y. Doi, T. Nagata, N. Naruta, S. Makiuti, N. Hiromoto, M. Fujiwara, H. Okuda, and A. Itoh, “FIRBE: Far-infrared balloon-borne experiment,” Adv. Space Res. 30, 2089-2097 (2002).
4. B. T. Soifer, J. R. Houck, and G. Neugebauer, “The IRAS view of the extragalactic sky,” Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 35, 187-230 (1987).
5. C. A. Beichman, “The IRAS view of the galaxy and the solar system,” Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 35, 521-563 (1987).
6. P. Cox and M. F. Kessler, eds., The Universe as Seen by ISO, ESA SP-427 (European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 1999).
7. G. Neugebauer, H. J. Habing, R. van Duinen, H. H. Aumann, B. Baud, C. A. Beichman, D. A. Beintema, N. Boggess, P. E. Clegg, T. de Jong, J. P. Emerson, T. N. Gautier, F. C. Gillett, S. Harris, M. G. Hauser, J. R. Houck, R. E. Jennings, F. J. Low, P. L. Marsden, G. Miley, F. M. Olnon, S. R. Pottasch, E. Raimond, M. Rowan-Robinson, B. T. Soifer, R. G. Walker, P. R. Wesselius, and E. Young, “The infrared astronomical satellite (IRAS) mission,” Astrophys. J. 278, L1-L6 (1984).
8. D. M. Mittleman, R. H. Jacobsen, and M. C. Nuss, “T-ray imaging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 679-692 (1996).
9. M. Hermann, M. Tani, K. Sakai, and R. Fukasawa, “Terahertz imaging of silicon wafers,” J. Appl. Phys. 91,1247-1250 (2002).
10. P. R. Bratt, “Impurity germanium and silicon infrared detector,” in Semiconductors and Semimetals, R. K. Willardson and A. C. Beer, eds. (Academic, New York, 1997), pp. 33-142.
11. E. T. Young, J. T. Davis, C. L. Thompson, G. H. Rieke, G. Rivlis, R. Schnurr, J. Cadien, L. Davidson, G. S. Winters, and K. A. Kormos, “Far-infrared imaging array for SIRTF,” in Infrared Astronomical Instrumentation, A. M. Fowler, ed., Proc. SPIE 3354, 57-65 (1998).
12. R. Katterloher, L. Barl, J. Beeman, E. Czech, D. Engemann, O. Frenzl, N. Haegel, E. E. Haller, T. Henning, L. Hermans, G. Jakkob, M. Konuma, and G. Pilbratt, “4 X 32 FIRGA array—a pacesetter for a 52 X 32-element gallium arsenide focal plane array,” in Infrared Astronomical Instrumentation, A. M. Fowler, ed., Proc. SPIE 3354, 116-125 (1998).
13. J. W. Beeman, W. L. Hansen, and E. E. Haller, “Extrinsic germanium photoconductors for far-IR astronomy: research results and works in progress,” in Submillimeter and Far-Infrared Space Instrumentation, E. J. Rolfe, ed., ESA SP-388 (European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands), pp. 21-24 (1996).
14. J. Wolf, J. Schubert, H. Anheyer, H. Driescher, K. Hanna, S. Kirches, E. Paul, D. Rabanus, K. Rosner, and A. Krabbe, “SPICA: a spectral-photometric infrared camera for SOFIA,” in Infrared Astronomical Instrumentation, A. M. Fowler, ed., Proc. SPIE 3354, 952-961 (1998).
15. M. Kawada, “Far-infrared surveyor onboard IRIS,” in Infrared Astronomical Instrumentation, A. M. Fowler, ed., Proc. SPIE 3354, 905-914 (1998).
16. H. Murakami, “Japanese infrared survey mission IRIS (ASTRO-F),” in Space Telescope and Instruments V, P. Y. Bely and J. B. Breckinridge, eds., Proc. SPIE 3356,471-477 (1998).
17. J. W. Beeman and E. E. Haller, “Ge:Ga photoconductor arrays: design consideration and quantitative analysis of prototype single pixels,” Infrared Phys. Technol. 35, 827-836 (1994).
18. N. Hiromoto, M. Fujiwara, H. Shibai, and H. Okuda, “Ge:Ga far-infrared photoconductors for space applications,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 35, 1676-1680 (1996).
19. M. Fujiwara and N. Hiromoto, “Ge:Ga far-infrared photoconductor with a low Ga concentration of 1 X 1014 cm-3,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 36, 4262-4266 (1997).
20. N. Hiromoto, M. Fujiwara, H. Shibai, T. Hirao, T. Nakagawa, and M. Kawada, “Ge:Ga far-infrared photoconductor 2D direct hybrid array,” in Infrared Astronomical Instrumentation, A. M. Fowler, ed., Proc. SPIE 3354, 48-56 (1998).
21. E. T. Young, “Germanium detectors for the far-infrared,” http://www.stsci.edu/stsci/meetings/spacedetectors/pro-ceedingsZjune27_proceed.htm.
22. T. Hirao, Y. Hibi, M. Kawada, H. Nagata, H. Shibai, T. Watabe, M. Noda, and T. Nakagawa, “Cryogenic readout electronics with silicon P-MOSFETs for the infrared astronomical satellite, ASTRO-F,” Adv. Space Res. 30, 2117-2122 (2002).
23. J. T. Longo, D. T. Cheung, A. M. Andrews, C. C. Wang, and J. M. Tracy, “Infrared focal plane in intrinsic semiconductors,” IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 25, 213-232 (1978).
24. N. Oda, NEC Corporation 1-1 Miyazaki, 4-chome, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8555, Japan (Personal communication, 1998).
25. L. Varnell and D. E. Langford, “Radiation effects in IRAS extrinsic infrared detectors,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-29, 1551-1554 (1982).
26. D. M. Watson, M. T. Guptill, J. E. Huffman, T. N. Krabach, S. N. Raines, and S. Satyapal, “Germanium blocked-impurity-band detector array: unpassivated devices with bulk substrates,” J. Appl. Phys. 74,4199 -4206 (1993).
27. N. M. Haegel, C. A. Latasa, and A. M. White, “Transient response of infrared photoconductors: the roles of contacts and space charge,” Appl. Phys. A 56, 15-21 (1993).
28. J. Q. Wang, P. L. Richards, J. W. Beeman, N. M. Haegel, and E. E. Haller, “Optical efficiency of far-infrared photoconductors,” Appl. Opt. 25, 4125-4134 (1986).
29. M. Fujiwara, “Development of far-infrared Ge:Ga photoconductor having a longitudinal configuration,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3099-3101 (2000).
30. N. Sclar, “Properties of doped silicon and germanium infrared detectors,” in Progress in Quantum Electronics (Pergamon, Elmsford, N.Y., 1984), Vol. 9, pp. 240-242.