Application of strut-and-tie concepts to concrete bridge joints in seismic regions

PCI Journal

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 66-90

  Sritharan, Sri ^a   Ingham, Jason M ^b  

^a Iowa State University   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Anchorage; Bridge joints; Bridges; Columns; Design (structural); Force transfer models; Jointed construction; Precast concrete; Prestressed concrete; Seismic design; Shear strength; Strut and tie model

Indexed keywords

BRIDGE COMPONENTS; EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE; FAILURE ANALYSIS; JOINTS (STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS); MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PRESTRESSED CONCRETE; REINFORCED CONCRETE; STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS; STRUTS;

BRIDGE JOINTS; FORCE TRANSFER MODEL; STRUT-AND-TIE CONCEPTS;

CONCRETE BRIDGES;

EID: 0042377518     PISSN: 08879672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.15554/pcij.07012003.66.90     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Ritter, W., "Die Bauweise Hennebique," Schweizerische Bauzeitung Bd, XXXIII, No. 7, January 1899.
2. Mörsch, E., Der Eisenbeton, seine Theorie und Anwenung, Verlag Konrad Witter, Stuttgart, Germany, 1912.
3. ACI Committee 445 - Shear and Torsion, "Strut-and-Tie Bibliography," ACI Bibliography No. 16, American Concrete Institute Farmington Hills, MI, September 1997, 50, pp.
4. Priestley, M. J. N., "Assessment and Design of Joints for Single-Level Bridges with Circular Columns," Structural Systems Research, Report No. SSRP 93/02, University of California at San Diego, CA, February 1993, 62 pp.
5. Ingham, J. M., "Seismic Performance of Bridge Knee Joints," Doctoral Dissertation, Division of Structural Engineering, University of California at San Diego, CA, 1995, 511 pp.
6. Sritharan S., "Analysis of Concrete Bridge Joints Subjected to Seismic Actions," Doctoral Dissertation, Division of Structural Engineering, University of California at San Diego, CA, 1998, 407 pp.
7. Ingham, J. M., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F., "Seismic Response of Bridge Knee Joints Having Columns with Interlocking Spirals," Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, V. 30, No. 2, 1997, pp. 114-132.
8. Ingham, J. M., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F., "Cyclic Response of Bridge Knee Joints with Circular Columns," Journal of Earthquake Engineering, V. 2, No. 3, 1998, pp. 357-390.
9. MacRae, G. A., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F., "Santa Monica Viaduct Retrofit - Large-Scale Column-Cap Beam Joint Transverse Test, Preliminary Report," Structural System Research Project TR-94/02, University of California, San Diego, CA, August 1994, 117 pp.
10. Sritharan, S., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F., "Enhancing Seismic Performance of Cap Beam-to-Column Bridge Joints Using Prestressing," PCI Journal, V. 44, No. 4, July-August 1999, pp. 74-91.
11. Sritharan, S., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F., "Seismic Design and Experimental Verification of Concrete Multiple Column Bridge Bents," ACI Structural Journal, V. 98, No. 3, May-June 2001, pp. 335-346.
12. Ingham, J. M., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F., "Seismic Performance of a Bridge Knee Joint Reinforced with Headed Reinforcement," Structural Systems Research Project, Report No. SSRP 96/06, University of California at San Diego, CA, September 1996, 104 pp.
13. Silva, P. F., Sritharan, S., Seible, F., and Priestley, M. J. N., "Seismic Design and Proof Test of a Bridge Bent Having Three Steel Jacketed Columns," Structural Systems Research Report No. SSRP 98/13, University of California at San Diego, CA, 1999.
14. ATC, "Improved Seismic Design Criteria for California Bridges: Provisional Recommendations," ATC-32, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, CA, 1996.
15. ATC/MCEER Joint Venture, "Recommended LRFD Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Highway Bridges, Part I: Specifications and Part II: Commentary (Preliminary Reports)," ATC-49/MCEER-02-SP01, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, CA, 2001.
16. Caltrans, "Seismic Design Criteria," Version 1.2, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA, July 2001.
17. Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., and Calvi, M., Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1996, 686 pp.
18. Sritharan, S., "Strut-and-Tie Analysis of Bridge Joints Subjected to In-plane Seismic Actions," Submitted for publication in the ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering.
19. Sritharan, S., "An Improved Seismic Design Procedure for Concrete Bridge Joints," Submitted for publication in the ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering.
20. Schlaich, J., Schaefer, K., and Jennewein, M., "Toward a Consistent Design of Structural Concrete," PCI Journal, V. 32, No. 3, May-June 1987, pp. 75-149.
21. Sritharan, S., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F., "Seismic Response of Column/Cap Beam Tee Connections with Cap Beam Prestressing," Structural Systems Research, Report No. SSRP 96/09, University of California at San Diego, CA, December 1996, 296 pp.
22. Sritharan, S., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F., "Seismic Design and Performance of Concrete Multi-Column Bents for Bridges," Structural Systems Research, Report No. SSRP 97/03, University of California at San Diego, CA, June 1997, 331 pp.
23. Sritharan, S., Ingham, J. M. Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F. "Bond Slip of Bridge Column Reinforcement Anchored in Cap Beams," Bond and Development of Reinforcement - A Tribute to Dr. Peter Gergely, ACI SP-180, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1998, pp. 319-345.
24. MacGregor, J. G., Reinforced Concrete Mechanics and Design, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1988, 799 pp.
25. Collins, M. P., and Mitchell, D., Prestressed Concrete Structures, Response Publications, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1997, 766 pp.
26. Bhide, S., and Collins, M. P., "Tension Influence on Shear Capacity of Members," ACI Structural Journal, 86, No. 5, September-October 1989, pp. 570-581.
27. Bergmeister, K., Breen, J. E., Jirsa, J. O., and Kreger, M. E., "Detailing in Structural Concrete," Center for Transportation Research, Report No. 1127-3F, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, May 1993.
28. Holombo, J., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F., "Continuity of Precast Spliced-Girder Bridges Under Longitudinal Seismic Loads," PCI Journal, V. 45, No. 4, March-April 2000, pp. 40-63.
29. Reineck, K., "Ultimate Shear Force of Structural Concrete Members Without Transverse Reinforcement Derived From a Mechanical Model," ACI Structural Journal, V. 88, No. 5, September-October 1991, pp. 592-602.
30. Vecchio F. J., and Collins M. P., "The Modified Compression Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear," ACI Structural Journal, V. 83, No. 2, March-April 1986, pp. 219-231.
31. Hsu, T. T. C., Unified Theory of Reinforced Concrete, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993, 313 pp.
32. To, N. H. T., Ingham, J. M., and Sritharan, S., "Montonic Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Knee Joints Using Strut-Tie Computer Models," Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Wellington, New Zealand, V. 34, No. 3, September 2001, pp. 169-190.
33. Thewalt C. R., and Stojadinovic B., "Behavior of Bridge Outrigger Knee Joint Systems," Earthquake Spectra, V. 11, No. 3, August 1995, pp. 477-509.
34. Lowes, L. N., and Moehle, J. P., "Evaluation and Retrofit of Beam-Column T-Joints in Older Reinforced Concrete Bridge Structures," ACI Structural Journal, V. 96, No. 4, July-August 1999, pp. 519-532.
35. ACI Committee 318, "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-99) and Commentary (ACI 318R-99)," American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1999.
36. Sritharan, S., Abendroth, R. E., Greimann, L. F., Wassef, W. G., and Vander Werff J., "Seismic Performance of a Concrete Column/Steel Cap/Steel Girder Integral Bridge System," Proceedings of the Third National Seismic Conference & Workshop on Bridges and Highways, Portland, OR, April 2002, pp. 411-422.
37. Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., and Anderson, D. L., "Proof Test of a Retrofit Concept for the San Francisco Double-Deck Viaducts," Structural Systems Research, Report No. SSRP 92/03, University of California at San Diego, CA, July 1992, 198 pp.
38. Mazzoni, S., and Moehle, J. P., "Seismic Response of Beam Column Joints in Double-Deck Reinforced Concrete Bridge Frames," ACI Structural Journal, V. 98, No. 3, May-June 2001, pp. 259-369.