Infrared imaging of extracranial microcirculation: A review

Thermology International

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 91-98

  Govindan, Srini ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Forehead blood flow; Microcirculation; Microvascular system; Migraine; Narcolepsy; Sleep Apnea; Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Indexed keywords

CALCITONIN GENE RELATED PEPTIDE;

ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION; BLOOD FLOW; CHRONIC PAIN; COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FOREHEAD BLOOD FLOW; HUMAN; INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; MICROCIRCULATION; MIGRAINE; NARCOLEPSY; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; REVIEW; SKIN BLOOD FLOW; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; SLEEP DISORDER; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; VASOMOTOR REFLEX;

EID: 0042377366     PISSN: 1560604X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Hertzman A B, Roth L W. The absence of vasoconstrictor reflexes in the forehead circulation. Effects of cold. Am J Physiol 1942; 136: 692-697.
2. Hertzman A B, Randall W C, Jochim K E. Relations between cutaneous blood flow and blood content in the finger pad, forearm, and forehead. Am. J. Physiol 1947; 150: 122-132.
3. Coffman J D. Cutaneous Changes in Peripheral Vascular Disease. In Fitzpatrick T B, Eisen A Z, Wolff K, Freedberg I M and Austen K F. Dermatology in General Medicine. Fourth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, Publ; 1993. p. 2077-2078.
4. Coffman J D. Forehead blood flow measured by radioisotope disappearance rates. Am J Physiol 1969; 217; 4: 1134-1138.
5. Fagrell B. The relationship between Macro- and Microcirculation Clinical Aspects. Acta pharmalogica et toxicologica 1986; 58 (Suppl): 67-72.
6. McCuskey R S, Krasovich M A. Anatomy of the Microvascular System. In Mortillaro N A and Taylor A E, editors. The Pathophysiology of the Microcirculation. Boca Raton CRC Press Publ; 1994. p. 1-18.
7. Molyneux GS. Neural control of cutaneous arteriovenous anastamoses. In: Garlick D., ed. Progress in microcirculation research. University of New South Wales, Sydney; 1981. p. 296-315.
8. Guyton AC. Body Temperature, Temperature Regulation, and Fever. Skin Circulation. In: Guyton, AC, Hall, JE, editors. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 10th ed. Philadelphia WB Saunders Co; 2000. Ch.73: 822-833.
9. Wetzel N C, Zotterman Y. On the differencess in the vascular colouration of various regions of the normal human skin. Heart 1926; 13: 357-369.
10. Moskowitz M A, Reinhard J F Jr, Romero J, Melamed E, Pettibone D J. Hypothesis. Neurotransmitters and the fifth cranial nerve: is there a relation to the headache phase of migraine? Lancet 1979; 883-884.
11. Goadsby P. Editorial Commentary. What is the physiological role of the trigeminovascular system? Cephalalgia 1995; 15: 333-6.
12. Bennett GJ, Ochoa JL. Thermographic Observations on Rats with Experimental Neuropathic Pain. Pain 1991 Apr; 45(1): 61-7.
13. Kety SS. The cerebral circulation. In Field J, Magoun HW, and Hall VE, Editors. Handbook of physiology. Washington, D. C., American Physiological Society; 1960. Volume III. Chapter LXXI.p. 1751-1760.
14. Chan-Palay V. Innervation of cerebral blood vessels by norepinephrine, indoleamine, substance P and neurotensin fibres and the leptomeningeal indoleamine axons: Their roles in vasomotor activity and local alterations of brain blood composition. In: Owman C and Edvinsson L, editors. Neurogenic control of brain circulation. New York Pergamon press; 1977. p. 39-53.
15. Heistad DD, Kontos HA. Cerebral circulation. In:Shepherd JT, Abboud FM, editors. Handbook of Physiology: The cardiovascular system. 1983. p. 137-170.
16. Arbab MA, Wiklund L, Svengaard NA. Origin and distribution of cerebral vascular innervation from superior cervical, trigeminal and spinal ganglia investigated with retrograde and anterograde WGA-HRP tracing in the rat. Neuroscience 1986; Vol. 19, No 3: 695-708.
17. Branston NM. The physiology of the cerebrovascular parasympathetic innervation. British Journal of Neurosurgery 1995; 9: 319-329.
18. Gonzales G B, Onofrio B M, Kerr F W L. Vasodialator system of the face. J. Neurosurgery 1975; Vol 42: 696-703.
19. Lossius K, Eriksen M. Spontaneous Flow Waves Detected by Laser Doppler in Human Skin. Microvascular Research 1995; 50: 94-104.
20. Goodall A M. Arterio-Venous Anastomoses in the Skin of the Head and Ears of the Calf. J Anatomy; 89. Part I: 100-105
21. Lance JW, Anthony M. Thermographic studies in vascular headache. Med J Australia 1971; 240-243.
22. Drummond PD, Lance JW. Facial temperature in migraine, tension-vascular and tension headache. Cephalalgia 1984; 4: 149-158.
23. Heyck H. Pathogenesis of Migraine: Res. Clin. Stud. Headache 1969; 2: p1-28
24. Saxena PR. Pharmacology of cranial arterivenous anatomoses. In: Owman C and Hardebo JE, editors. Neural Regulation of Brian Circulation. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division); 1986. p. 541-557.
25. Spierings ELH, Saxena PR. The action of ergotamine on the distribution of carotid blood flow - the migraine shunt theory revisited. Headache 1980; 20: 143-145.
26. Popoff NW. The Digital Vascular System. Arch Pathol 1934; 18 (3): 295-330.
27. Gordon DB, Flasher J, Drury DR. Size of the largest arteriovenous vessels in various organs. Am. J. Path 1953; 173: 275-281.
28. Sherman JL. Normal arteriovenous anatomoses. Medicine 1963; 42: 247-267.
29. Molyneux GS, Haller CJ, et al. The Structure, Innervation, and Location of Arteriovenous Anastomoses in the Equine Foot. Equine Vet J 1994; 26(4): 305-12.
30. Golfert F, et al. Hints of a Functional Connection Between the Neuropeptidergic innervation of Arteriovenous Anastomoses and the Appearance of Epitheloid Cells in the Rabbit Ear. Histochem J 1998; 30(6): 435-45.
31. Figueroa JM, Mansilla E, Suburo AM. Innervation of Nasal Turbinate blood Vessels in Rhinitic and Nonrhinitic Children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157(6 Pt 1): 1959-66.
32. Mufson, I. Responses of the Abnormal Arterial Circulation to Various Stimuli, as Studied by the Use of Radioactive Sodium. Ann Int Med 1951; 34: 428-441.
33. De Castro F. Sur la structure de la synapse dans les chemorecepteurs: leur mechanisme d'excitation et role dans la circulation sanguine locale. Acta Physilo Scand 1951; 22: 14.
34. Govindan S. Thermography during Induced Hyperoxia. Thermology 1987; 2: 587-589
35. Govindan S., Case of The Month, Thermography in Narcolepsy. Thermology 1988; 3(1): 80-81.
36. Govindan S. Thermography in Sleep Apnea. Sleep Res 1990; Vol. 19: 231.
37. Swerdlow B, Dieter J N. The thermographically Observed Effects of Hyperoxia on Vascular Headache Patients and Non-Headache Individuals. Headache 1987; 27: 533-539
38. Govindan S. Extracranial Imaging of Trigeminovascular System. Thermol Österr1997; 7/2: 66-67.
39. Govindan S. Extracranial Imaging of Trigeminovascular System. Biomedical Thermology 1997; 17/1: 32.
40. Edmeads J. Vascular Headaches and the Cranial Circulation-Another Look. Headache 1997; 19(3): 127-132
41. Moskowitz M A. The Visceral organ Brain: Implications for the Pathphysiology of Vascular Head Pain. Neurology 1991; 41: 182-186.
42. Bonvento G, Lacombe P. Serotonin and the Cerebral Circulation. In: Phyllis, J W, editor, Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow. Boca Raton, FL. CRCP; 1993 Vol. 249/52. Chapter 6. p. 97-112.
43. Govindan S, Elrifai A. M. Thermography criteria for extracranial CBF measurement. European Journal of Thermography 1997; 7/3: 157-158.
44. Govindan S, Ojo F, Govindan E. Criteria for Extracranial CBF Measurement. In Mechanisms of cerebrovascular function and regulation. An Official Satellite Symposium of the XVIII International Congress on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. Williamsburg, Virginia. June 20-22, 1997 Abstract Book Page 44.
45. Welch K M A, Spira P J, Knowles L, Lance J. W. Simultaneous measurement of internal and external carotid blood flow in the monkey. Neurology 1974; 450-457.
46. Edvinsson BM, Owman Ch. A pharmacological comparison of histamine receptors in isolated extracranial and intracranial arteries in vitro. Neurology 1975; 25: 271-276.
47. Govindan S, Lamm S, B. CO2 Reactivity in Excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep Res 1992; 21: 341
48. Eggers GWN Jr, Rayle HW, Leonard JJ. Hemadynamic responses to oxygen breathing in man. J Appl Physiol 1962; 17: 75-79.
49. Chang E A, Dtar R. Oxygen and vascular smooth muscle contraction revisited. Am J Physiology 1980; 238: H716-H728.
50. Nakajima S, Meyer J S, Takahiro A, Shaw T, Okabe T, Mortel K F. Cerebral vasomotor responsiveness during 100% oxygen inhalation in cerebral ischemia. Arch Neurol 1983; 40: 271-276.
51. Yamamoto M, Meyer J S, Sakai F, Yamaguchi F. Aging and cerebral vasodialator responses to hypercarbia. Arch Neurol 1980; 37: 489-496.
52. Shalit M N, Reinmuth O M, Shimojyo S. Carbondioxide and cerebral circulatory control III. The effects of brain stem lesions. Arch Neurol 1967; 17: 342-353.
53. Sicuteri F. Hypothesis: Migraine, a Central Biochemical Dysnociception. Headache 1976; 16: 145-159.
54. Goadsby PJ, Zagami AS, Lambert, GA. Neural Processing of Craniovascular Pain: a Synthesis of the Central Structures Involved in Migraine. Headache 1991; 31: 365-371.
55. Burstein R, Yarnitsky D, Goor-Aryeh I, et al. An association between Migraine and Cutaneous Allodynia. Ann Neurology 2000; 47: 614-624.
56. Bruehl S, Lubenow, TR, et al. Validation of Thermography in the Diagnosis of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy. Clin J Pain 1996 Dec; 12 (4):316-25.
57. Gulevich SJ, Conwell TD, et al. Stress Infrared Telethermography is Useful in the Diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Type I (Formerly Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy). Clin J Pain 1997; 13(1): 50-9.
58. Goadsby P.J, Edvinsson L, Ekman R. Vasoactive Peptide Release in the Extracerebral circulation of Humans During Migraine Headache. Ann Neurology 1990; 28: 183-187
59. Blair SJ, Chinthagada M, et al. Role of Neuropeptides in Pathogenesis of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy. Act Orthop Belg 1998; 64: 448-451.
60. van der Laan L, et al. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I (RSD). Neurology 1998; 51: 20-25
61. Birklein F, Weber M, Neundörfer B. Increased Skin Lactate in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Evidence for Tissue Hypoxia? Neurology 2000; 55: 1213-1215.
62. Lou H C, Edvinsson L, MacKenzie ET. The concept of Coupling Blood Flow to Brain Function: Revision Required?. Ann Neurology 1987; 22: 289-297.
63. Woods BT. Metabolic advantage of Neuronal Coupling of Regional Brain Activity and Blood Flow. Ann Neurology 1988; 23/6: 629-630.
64. Drummond PD, Finch PM. Reflex Control of Facial Flushing during Body Heating in Man. Brain 1989; 112 (5): 1351-8.
65. Govindan S. Imaging Extracranial Trigeminovascular System in Chronic Pain Syndromes. Thermology International 2001; 11(2): 92-93.
66. Lance JW, Anthony M.: Thermographic Studies in Vascular Headache. Med J Australia. 1971; 240-243.
67. Sakai F, Meyer J.S. Abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with migraine and cluster headache. Headache 1979; 19: 257-66.
68. Drummond P D, Lance J. W. Extracranial Vascular Changes and the Source of Pain in Migraine Headache. Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 32-37.
69. Goadsby P J, Macdonald G J. Extracranial Vasodilation Mediated by Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP). Brain Research 1985; 329: 285-288.
70. Wood E H. Thermography in the Diagnosis of Cerebrovascular Disease. Radiology 1964; 83: 540-542.
71. Govindan S. Monitoring Cold Patch in Clinical Practice-An Update. Thermology international 2000; 10/3: 140-141.
72. Swerdlow B, Dieter J N. The Validity of the Vascular Cold Patch in the Diagnosis of Chronic Headache. Headache Journal 1986; 26(1): 22-26.
73. Friedman A P, Wood E H. Thermography in vascular headache. In Uematsu S editor. Medical Thermography, theory and clinical applications. Los Angeles Brentwood Publishing Corp; 1976. p. 80-84.
74. Dalla Volta G, Anzola GP, DiMonda V. The Disappearance of the Cold Patch in Recovered Migraine Patients: Thermographic Findings. Headache 1991; 31: 305-309.
75. Govindan S, To Image the effect of antimigraine drug on Trigeminovascular System. European Journal of Thermology 1998; 8/3: 114-116.
76. Johnston BM, Saxena PR. The Effect of Ergotamine on Tissue Blood Flow and the Arteriovenous Shunting of Radioactive Microspheres in the Head. Br J Pharmac 1978; 63: 541-549.
77. Spierings ELH, Saxena, PR. Effect of Ergotamine on Cranial Arteriovenous Shunting in Experiments with Constant Flow Perfusion. Eur J Pharmac 1979; 56: 31-37.
78. Rowbotham MC Editorial: Complex regional Pain syndrome Type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)Neurology 1998; 51: 4-5.
79. Stanton-Hicks M, Janig W, Hassenbusch S, et al. Reflex Sympathetic dystrophy: Changing concepts and taxonomy. Pain 1995; 63: 127-133.
80. Govindan S, Elrifai A, Extracranial CBF Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Eur J Thermol 1998; 8(3): 112-114.
81. Linnik M. D., Sakas, D. E., Uhl G R, Moskowitz. M. A. Subarachnoid Blood and Headache: Altered Trigeminal Tachykinin Gene Expression. Ann Neurol 1989; 179-184.
82. Edvinsson L, Uddman R, Juul R Peptidergic Innervation of the Cerebral Circulation. Role in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Man. Neurosurg. Rev 1990; 13: 265-272.
83. Macfarlane R, Moskowitz M A, Sakas D et al. The Role of Neuroeffector Mechanisms in Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndromes. J Neurosurg 1991; 75: 845-855.
84. Gallai V, Sarchiella P, Firenze C, et al. Endothelin-1 in Migraine and Tension-Type Headache. Acta Neurol Scand 1994; 47-55.
85. Bakken IJ, Vincent M D, White L R, Juul R et al. Mutual Modification of Vasoactivity by Calcitonon Gene - Related Peptide and Endothelins-1 in isolated Porcine Opthalmic Artery. Neuropeptides 1992; 23: 209-214.
86. Edvinsson L, Delgado-Zigmunt T, Elcinan R et al. Involvement of Perivascular Sensory Fibers in the Pathophysiology of Cerebral Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Cerebral Blood Flow Metab 1990; 10: 602-607.
87. Shiokawa T, Svengaard N A. Cerebrovascular Sensory Innervation involved in the Development of Cerebral Vasospasm following a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Auton Nerv System 49: S67-S 170, 1994.
88. Govindan S. Microcirculation Imaging in Sleep Disorders. Thermol Int 2000; 10 (3): 146-147.
89. Govindan S. Vasomotor Reactivity In Sleep Medicine. Sleep Res 1991; 20A: p 318
90. Govindan S. Imaging Trigeminovascular System In Sleep Disorders. Biomedl Thermol 1999; 19(1), 38.
91. Cairns B E, Fragoso M C, Soja P J. Activity of Rostral Trigeminal Sensory Neurons in the Cat During Wakefulness and Sleep. J Neurophysiol 1995.73 (6): 2486-2498.
92. Baruzzi A, Riva R, Cirignotta F, Zucconi M, Cappelli M, Lugaresi E. Atrial atriuretic Peptide and Catecholamines in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Sleep 1991; 14(1): 83-86.
93. Escott K J, Beattie D T, Connor H E, Brain S D. Trigeminal ganglion stimulation increases facial skin blood flow in the rat: a major role for calcitonin gene-related peptide. Brain Res 1995; 669: 93-99.
94. Goadsby P J, Edvinsson L, Ekman R. Release of vasoactive peptides in the extracerebral circulation of humans and the cat during activation of the trigeminovascular system. Ann Neurol. 1988; 23: 193-196.
95. Loeppky JA, Voyles W F, Eldridge M W, Sikes C. W. Sleep Apnea and Autonomic Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. Sleep 1987; 10(1): 25-34.
96. Hayakawa T, Terashima M, Kayukawa Y, Ohta T, Okada T. Changes in Cerebral Oxygenation and Hemodynamics During Obstructive Sleep Apneas. Chest 1996; 109: 916-21.
97. Langanke P, Podszus T, Penzel T et al. Influence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on ight Heart Perload. Pneumologie 1993; 47: 143-46.
98. Siebler M, Daffertshofer M, Hennerici M, Freund H J. Cerebral blood flow velocity alterations during obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Neurology 1990; 40: 461-1462.
99. Underwood M D, Bakalian M J, Arango V, Smith R W, Mann JJ. Regulation of Cortical Blood Flow by the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus: Topographic Organization of Cerebrovascular Regulatory Regions. J Cerebral Blood Flow Metab 1992; 12: 664-673.
100. Govindan S, Bell E A, Craig C. The effect of Positive Pressure Breathing on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow. Sleep Res 1986; 15: 16.
101. Onodera S, Ide C. Tentative identification of arterial baroreceptors associated with arteriovenous anatomoses. Brain Res, 1988; 444: 273-283.
102. Hedner J, Carlson J, Kraiczi H. Impaired endothelium dependent vascular relaxation and increased plasma concentration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Res 1995; 24A: 317.
103. Spierings E L H. Inflammation in migraine pathogenesis: When, Where, and how. In:Spierings E L H and Sanchez del Rio M Editors. Migraine: A neuroinflammatory disease? Berlin, Birkhäuser Verlag Publ; 2002. p. 1-20.