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Volumn 9, Issue 16, 2003, Pages 3937-3945

Thermodynamics and kinetics of the hydride-transfer cycles for 1-aryl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide and its 1,2-dihydroisomer

Author keywords

Hydride transfer; Kinetics; Nicotinamide; Thermodynamics

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATION ENERGY; REACTION KINETICS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL); THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 0042365046     PISSN: 09476539     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/chem.200304714     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (68)
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    • +/0), if the hydride transfer from the 1,4- or 1,2-dihydropyridnes to p-trifluoromethyl-benzylidenemalononitrile were initiated by single electron transfer, remarkable inhibitory effect on the two reaction rates would had been observed, when p-dinitrobenzene was added into the reaction mixtures.
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    • The values of ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ for the hydride transfer can be obtained from Table 3, since the initial hydride transfer is in rate-limiting process, the kinetic parameters for the reaction of S with the dihydropyridines may be due to the initial hydride transfer.
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    • note
    • Here we made an assumption that the ground entropy changes for the two reactions [Eqs. (2) and (3)] are equal. This assumption is reasonable. As well known, the ground entropy change is different from the activation entropy change, activation entropy change is defined as the difference of entropy between reactants and the activation complex, but the ground entropy change is defined as the difference of entropy between reactants and products. It is evident that the activation entropy change for the reaction of the 1,2-dihydronicotinamide with the substrate should be quite larger than that for the reaction of the 1,4-dihydronicotinamide with the substrate; the reason is that there is a larger steric barriers in the activation complex for the former reaction. But as to the ground entropy changes for the two reactions, there should not be remarkable difference between them, since the two reactions give the same products and formation entropies for the two dihydropyridines are close to each other.
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    • Some other reduction characters of pyridinium derivatives to yield the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines as the major product by hydride transfer have been demonstrated by Kreevoy and co-workers: a) I.-S. H. Lee, E. H. Jeoung, M. M. Kreevoy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7492; b) I.-S. H. Lee, K.-H. Chow, M. M. Kreevoy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 7755; c) I.-S. H. Lee, E. H. Jeoung, M. M. Kreevoy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2722.
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    • Some other reduction characters of pyridinium derivatives to yield the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines as the major product by hydride transfer have been demonstrated by Kreevoy and co-workers: a) I.-S. H. Lee, E. H. Jeoung, M. M. Kreevoy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7492; b) I.-S. H. Lee, K.-H. Chow, M. M. Kreevoy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 7755; c) I.-S. H. Lee, E. H. Jeoung, M. M. Kreevoy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2722.
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    • Some other reduction characters of pyridinium derivatives to yield the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines as the major product by hydride transfer have been demonstrated by Kreevoy and co-workers: a) I.-S. H. Lee, E. H. Jeoung, M. M. Kreevoy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7492; b) I.-S. H. Lee, K.-H. Chow, M. M. Kreevoy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 7755; c) I.-S. H. Lee, E. H. Jeoung, M. M. Kreevoy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2722.
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.