Parties and accountability in the philippines

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 124-140

  Montinola, Gabriella R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0042278715     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.1999.0013     Document Type: Review

References (28)

1. "Comparing SWS Exit Poll Results and Official Results" (www.sws.org.ph/exit-com.htm); "Comparing SWS Exit Poll Results with NAMFREL: Count by Region" (www.sws.org.ph/namfrel2.htm).
2. "Comparing SWS Exit Poll Results and Official Results" (www.sws.org.ph/exit-com.htm); "Comparing SWS Exit Poll Results with NAMFREL: Count by Region" (www.sws.org.ph/namfrel2.htm).
3. Carl H. Landé, Post-Marcos Politics: A Geographical and Statistical Analysis of the 1992 Presidential Election (Singapore: ISEAS, 1996), 79-89; Gabriella R. Montinola, "Politicians, Parties, and the Persistence of Weak States," Development and Change (forthcoming 1999).
4. Carl H. Landé, Post-Marcos Politics: A Geographical and Statistical Analysis of the 1992 Presidential Election (Singapore: ISEAS, 1996), 79-89; Gabriella R. Montinola, "Politicians, Parties, and the Persistence of Weak States," Development and Change (forthcoming 1999).
5. "SWS: Presidential Votes in the Philippines" (www.sws.org.ph/extpsdc.htm).
6. For economic data on the Philippines, see the economic database of the Philippine Institute of Development Studies (www.pids.gov.ph); "Prices and Trends," Far Eastern Economic Review, 15 October 1998, 74-75; National Statistics Office (NSO), "Quickstat-September 1998" (www.census.gov.ph/data/quickstat/qs9809tb.html); NSO, "1997 Family and Incomes Expenditures Survey (Highlights of Preliminary Results)" (www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/ie97pr12.tbl).
7. For economic data on the Philippines, see the economic database of the Philippine Institute of Development Studies (www.pids.gov.ph); "Prices and Trends," Far Eastern Economic Review, 15 October 1998, 74-75; National Statistics Office (NSO), "Quickstat-September 1998" (www.census.gov.ph/data/quickstat/qs9809tb.html); NSO, "1997 Family and Incomes Expenditures Survey (Highlights of Preliminary Results)" (www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/ie97pr12.tbl).
8. For economic data on the Philippines, see the economic database of the Philippine Institute of Development Studies (www.pids.gov.ph); "Prices and Trends," Far Eastern Economic Review, 15 October 1998, 74-75; National Statistics Office (NSO), "Quickstat-September 1998" (www.census.gov.ph/data/quickstat/qs9809tb.html); NSO, "1997 Family and Incomes Expenditures Survey (Highlights of Preliminary Results)" (www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/ie97pr12.tbl).
9. For economic data on the Philippines, see the economic database of the Philippine Institute of Development Studies (www.pids.gov.ph); "Prices and Trends," Far Eastern Economic Review, 15 October 1998, 74-75; National Statistics Office (NSO), "Quickstat-September 1998" (www.census.gov.ph/data/quickstat/qs9809tb.html); NSO, "1997 Family and Incomes Expenditures Survey (Highlights of Preliminary Results)" (www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/ie97pr12.tbl).
10. For economic data on Indonesia, see IMF, International Financial Statistics, various years; Joseph Y. Lim, "The Social Impact and Responses to the Current East Asian Economic and Financial Crisis," paper prepared for the United Nations Development Programme/Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific; Sunil Tripathi, "Room to Manoeuvre," Far Eastern Economic Review, 8 October 1998, 113.
11. For economic data on Indonesia, see IMF, International Financial Statistics, various years; Joseph Y. Lim, "The Social Impact and Responses to the Current East Asian Economic and Financial Crisis," paper prepared for the United Nations Development Programme/Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific; Sunil Tripathi, "Room to Manoeuvre," Far Eastern Economic Review, 8 October 1998, 113.
12. For economic data on Indonesia, see IMF, International Financial Statistics, various years; Joseph Y. Lim, "The Social Impact and Responses to the Current East Asian Economic and Financial Crisis," paper prepared for the United Nations Development Programme/Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific; Sunil Tripathi, "Room to Manoeuvre," Far Eastern Economic Review, 8 October 1998, 113.
13. Miriam Coronel Ferrer, ed., Civil Society Making Civil Society (Quezon City: Third World Studies Center, 1997).
14. Alan G. Alegre, Trends and Traditions, Challenges and Choices (Quezon City: Ateneo, 1996).
15. Carl H. Landé, Leaders, Factions, and Parties: The Structure of Philippine Politics (New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asian Studies, 1965); James Scott, Comparative Political Corruption (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972).
16. Carl H. Landé, Leaders, Factions, and Parties: The Structure of Philippine Politics (New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asian Studies, 1965); James Scott, Comparative Political Corruption (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972).
17. Paul Hutchcroft, "Oligarchs and Cronies in the Philippine State," World Politics 43 (April 1991): 429-34.
18. Robert Dahl, Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), 11; Philippe C. Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl, "What Democracy Is . . . and Is Not," in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., The Global Resurgence of Democracy, 2nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 54-56.
19. Robert Dahl, Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), 11; Philippe C. Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl, "What Democracy Is . . . and Is Not," in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., The Global Resurgence of Democracy, 2nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 54-56.
20. For example, M. Steven Fish, "Mongolia: Democracy without Prerequisites," Journal of Democracy 9 (July 1998): 134-36; Scott Mainwaring, "Party Systems in the Third Wave," Journal of Democracy 9 (July 1998): 67-81; Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, "The Challenges of Consolidation," Journal of Democracy 5 (October 1994): 14-16.
21. For example, M. Steven Fish, "Mongolia: Democracy without Prerequisites," Journal of Democracy 9 (July 1998): 134-36; Scott Mainwaring, "Party Systems in the Third Wave," Journal of Democracy 9 (July 1998): 67-81; Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, "The Challenges of Consolidation," Journal of Democracy 5 (October 1994): 14-16.
22. For example, M. Steven Fish, "Mongolia: Democracy without Prerequisites," Journal of Democracy 9 (July 1998): 134-36; Scott Mainwaring, "Party Systems in the Third Wave," Journal of Democracy 9 (July 1998): 67-81; Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, "The Challenges of Consolidation," Journal of Democracy 5 (October 1994): 14-16.
23. John H. Aldrich, Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 48-50; Richard Katz, A Theory of Parties and Electoral Systems (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980), 1-2.
24. John H. Aldrich, Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 48-50; Richard Katz, A Theory of Parties and Electoral Systems (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980), 1-2.
25. For information on political parties during this period, see Montinola, "Politicians, Parties, and the Persistence of Weak States," Development and Change (forthcoming 1999).
26. See John Carey, "Improving the Party-List Law," Philippine Daily Inquirer, 9 July 1998.
27. For example, Cynthia McClintock, "Presidents, Messiahs, and Constitutional Breakdowns in Peru," in Juan J. Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), 360-95; M. Steven Fish, "The Pitfalls of Russian Superpresidentialism," Current History 96 (October 1997): 326-30.
28. For example, Cynthia McClintock, "Presidents, Messiahs, and Constitutional Breakdowns in Peru," in Juan J. Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), 360-95; M. Steven Fish, "The Pitfalls of Russian Superpresidentialism," Current History 96 (October 1997): 326-30.