Spot welder for making small electrical contacts

Review of Scientific Instruments

Volumn 69, Issue 7, 1998, Pages 2747-2756

  Walker, I R ^a   Moss, C J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0042054142     PISSN: 00346748     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.1149010     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. I. R. Walker, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 247 (1995).
2. E. Babic, B. Leontic, and M. Vukelic, J. Phys. E 4, 382 (1971).
3. Personal communication from B. Patton, General Electric CPP Department, 381 Broadway, Fort Edward, N.Y. 12828-1000.
4. The dimensions of our electronics enclosure are: 17.5cm×18cm ×30.5 cm. (a) See R. H. Huddlestone and S. L. Leonard, Plasma Diagnostic Techniques (Academic, New York, 1965), p. 14. (b) Pearson Electronics, Inc., 1860 Embarcadero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303.
5. The dimensions of our electronics enclosure are: 17.5cm×18cm ×30.5 cm. (a) See R. H. Huddlestone and S. L. Leonard, Plasma Diagnostic Techniques (Academic, New York, 1965), p. 14. (b) Pearson Electronics, Inc., 1860 Embarcadero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303.
6. This information is contained in a pamphlet on resistance welding accessories from: Unitek Miyachi Corporation, 1820 S. Myrtle Ave., P.O. Box 5033, Monrovia, CA 91017-7133 Internet: www.umc2.com. Unitek Miyachi is a source of resistance welding electrode materials, weld heads and power supplies.
7. J. M. Ziman, Principles of the Theory of Solids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1979), p. 236.
8. J. O. Zwolsman, Quality in Resistance Welding-An Analysis of the Process and its Control, (Woodhead, Cambridge, 1991), p 66. NB: Ignore the theoretical description of the Peltier effect in this book (see Ref. 6 for this) and concentrate on the empirical results. This book is not clearly written, but does contain useful information and references.
9. Available from: Goodfellow Corporation, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Berwyn, PA 19312-1780.
10. Berylco Alloy 14, available from NGK Metals Corporation, P.O. Box 13367, Reading, PA 19612-3367.
11. Resistance Welding Manual, 4th ed. Resistance Welder Manufacturers Association, 1900 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 (1989).
12. Personal communication from S. Westgate, The Welding Institute, Abing- ton Hall, Abington, U.K. CB1 6AL.
13. GlidCop® is supplied by: SCM Metal Products, Inc., 2601 Week Drive, Box 12166, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2166.
14. S. V. Brown (personal communication).
15. A suitable epoxy for this purpose is: Stycast 2850 FT, made by: Emerson & Cuming, Inc; 77 Dragon Court, Woburn, MA 01888. The epoxy should be cured with a #9 catalyst. It is desirable to vacuum degas the mixture before applying it to the electrode. We have used the following cure schedule: 24 h at room temperature, followed by 4 h at 150 °C.
16. See, W. G. Moffatt, The Handbook of Binary Phase Diagrams (Genium, New York).
17. J. Cooper (personal communication).
18. See the sections on brazing in, Metals Handbook Ninth Edition, Vol. 6 (American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio, 44073, 1983). This book also contains much useful information on resistance welding, resistance brazing, and other methods of bonding metals.
19. Rare earth and actinide elements and compounds are often difficult to etch. For such materials, we have found that a particular "universal" electropolishing technique is very effective. It is said to work with a wide variety of other substances as well. See: E. N. Hopkins, D. T. Peterson, and H. H. Baker, A Universal Eiectropolishing Method, Presented at the 19th Metallographic Group Meeting, Oak Ridge, Tenn., 20-22, April 1965; Available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS Accession Number: IS-1184); NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
20. M. E. Jones, B. E. Koel, and R. T. Weppner, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 3067 (1989).
21. M. Vukelic, E. Babic, and A. M. Stewart, J. Phys. E 6, 524 (1973).
22. Polishing films of this type can be obtained from the following microscopy supply firm: Agar Scientific Limited, 66A Cambridge Road, Stansted, U.K. CM24 8DA.
23. S. R. Julian (personal communication).
24. Smithells Metals Reference Book; 6th ed. edited by E. A. Brandes (But- terworths, London, 1983), p. 33-8.
25. I. A. Bucklow and M. Cole, Metallurgical Rev. 14, 103 (1969).