The Legacy of Kevin Lynch: Research implications

Annals of Tourism Research

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 576-598

  Pearce, Philip L ^a   Fagence, Michael ^b  

^a JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cognitive maps; Environmental management; Imagery; Regional analysis; Tourism planning

Indexed keywords

EID: 0042040673     PISSN: 01607383     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0160-7383(95)00112-3     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Aldskogius, H. 1977 A Conceptual Framework and a Swedish Case Study of Recreational Behaviour and Environmental Cognition. Economic Geography 53:163-183.
2. Ashworth, G., and B. Goodall 1988 Tourism Images: Marketing Consideration. In Marketing in the Tourism Industry, B. Goodall and G. Ashworth, eds., pp. 213-238. London: Groom Helm.
3. Ashworth, G., and H. Voogd 1988 Marketing the City. Town Planning Review 59:65-79.
4. Ball, R., and M. Metcalfe 1992 Tourism Development at the Margins. In Proceedings, Tourism in Europe Conference, pp. B9-23. Newcastle: Centre for Travel and Tourism.
5. Banerjee, T., and M. Southworth, eds. 1990 City Sense and City Design. Cambridge: MIT Press.
6. Baud-Bovy, M., and F. Lawson 1977 Tourism and Recreation Development. London: Architectural Press.
7. Becher, T. 1989 Academic Tribes and Territories. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
8. Bell, P. A., J. D. Fisher, and R. J. Loomis 1978 Environmental Psychology. Philadelphia: Saunders.
9. Blaut, J. M., and D. Stea 1974 Mapping at the Age of Three. Journal of Geography 73:5.
10. Bramwell, B., and B. Lane 1993 Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Global Approach. The Journal of Sustainable Tourism 1(1):1-5.
11. Brewer, J., and A. Hunter 1989 Multimethod Research. A Synthesis of Styles. Beverly Hills: Sage.
12. Bronzaft, A., S. Dobrow, and T. O'Hanlon 1976 Spatial Orientation in a Subway System. Environment and Behaviour 8:575-594.
13. Buckley, P., and S. Witt 1985 Tourism in Difficult Areas: 1. Tourism Management 6:205-213.
14. 1989 Tourism in Difficult Areas: 2. Tourism Management 10:138-152.
15. Carr, S., L. Rodwin, and G. Hack 1984 Kevin Lynch: Designing the Image of the City. American Planning Association Journal 50:523-525.
16. Chomsky, N. 1957 Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.
17. 1965 Aspects of a Theory of Syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press.
18. Crompton, J. 1979 Motivations for Pleasure Vacation. Annals of Tourism Research 6:408-424.
19. Dann, G., D. Nash, and P. Pearce 1988 Methodology in Tourism Research. Annals of Tourism Research 15:1-28.
20. Dowling, R. 1993 An Environmentally-Based Planning Model for Regional Tourism Development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 1(1): 17-37.
21. Echtner, C. M., and J. R. B. Ritchie 1991 The Meaning and Measurement of Destination Image. Journal of Tourism Studies 2(2):2-12.
22. Fagence, M. 1983 The Lynch "Images" Formula: An Experiment in Small Town Analysis. In Proceedings, Conference on People and Physical Environment Research, pp. 222-236. Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Works.
23. 1991 "Tourism Awareness" in the Professions Interacting with Tourism. In New Horizons in Tourism and Hospitality Education, B. Bratton et al, eds., pp. 415-426. Calgary: University of Calgary, WERC.
24. 1993 Genius Loci: A Catalyst for Planning Strategies for Small Rural Communities. In Community-based Approaches to Rural Development, D. Bruce and M. Whitlam, eds., pp. 45-68. Sackville: Mount Allison University, RSTRSP.
25. 1994 The Capture of Tourism Attractiveness Using Military Heritage: A Special Case of the Historic-touristic City. Unpublished paper, available from the author.
26. Fisher, G. 1977 The Supermap of York. Newcastle Upon Tyne: University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Department of Psychology.
27. Goeldner, C. R. 1988 The Evaluation of Tourism as an Industry and a Discipline. In Proceedings of the First International Conference for Tourism Educators. Guildford: University of Surrey.
28. Graburn, N. H. H., and J. Jafari 1991 Introduction: Tourism Social Science. Annals of Tourism Research 18:1-11.
29. Gunn, C. 1988 Vacationscape. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.
30. 1991 The Role of Tourism in the Planning and Management of Special Places. Plan Canada 31(2):4-10.
31. 1993 Tourism Planning (3rd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis.
32. 1994 A Perspective on the Purpose and Nature of Tourism Research Methods. In Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Research, J. Ritchie and C. Goeldner, eds., pp. 3-12. New York: Wiley.
33. Hack, G., and M. Canto 1984 Collaboration and Context in Urban Design. Design Studies 5:178-184.
34. Hawking, D. E., and J. D. Hunt 1988 Travel and Tourism Professional Education. Hospitality and Tourism Educator 1(1):9-14.
35. Holloway, J. 1992 Cityscape. In Proceedings, Tourism in Europe Conference, pp. H1-7. Newcastle: Centre for Travel and Tourism.
36. Inskeep, E. 1987 Environmental Planning for Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 14:118-135.
37. 1988 Tourism Planning: An Emerging Specialization. American Planning Association Journal 54:300-372.
38. 1991 Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.
39. Kaplan, S., and R. Kaplan 1981 Cognition and Environment. New York: Praeger.
40. Kosters, M. 1987 Tourism Research in European NTOs. In Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Research, J. Ritchie and C. Goeldner, eds., pp. 129-140. New York: Wiley.
41. Langdon, P. 1984 The Legacy of Kevin Lynch. Planning 50(10):12-16.
42. Law, C. 1991 Tourism and Urban Revitalization. East Midlands Geographer 13(2):49-60.
43. 1992 Urban Tourism and Its Contribution to Economic Regeneration. Urban Studies 29:597-616.
44. Lynch, K. 1960 The Image of the City. Cambridge: MIT Press.
45. 1962 Site Planning. Cambridge: MIT Press.
46. 1972 What Time is This Place? Cambridge: MIT Press.
47. 1974 On Historic Presentation: Some Comments on the Polish-American Seminar. Unpublished, held in Archives, MIT Libraries (later published in Banerjee and Southworth 1990).
48. 1975 The Image of Time and Place in Environmental Design. Unpublished, held in Archives, MIT Libraries (later published in Banerjee and Southworth 1990:628-633).
49. 1976a Managing the Sense of a Region. Cambridge: MIT Press.
50. 1976b Foreword. In Environmental Knowing: Theories, Research and Methods, G. Moore and R. G. Golledge, eds., pp. 1-5. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.
51. 1977 Growing Up in Cities. Cambridge: MIT Press.
52. 1980 City Design: What It Is and How It Might Be Taught. Urban Design International 1(2): 48-53.
53. 1981 A Theory of Good City Form. Cambridge: MIT Press.
54. 1984 Reconsidering the Image of the City. In Cities of the Mind, L. Rodwin and R. Hollister, eds. New York: Plenum Press.
55. 1990 In City Sense and City Design, T. Banerjee and M. Southworth, eds., pp. 617-627. Cambridge: MIT Press.
56. Lynch, K., and G. Hack 1984 Site Planning (3rd ed.). Cambridge: MIT Press.
57. Lynch, K., D. Appleyard, and J. Meyer 1964 The View From the Road. Cambridge: MIT Press.
58. McIntosh, R. W. 1992 Early Tourism Education in the United States. Journal of Tourism Studies 3(1):2-7.
59. Mansfield, Y. 1992 From Motivation to Actual Travel. Annals of Tourism Research 19:399-419.
60. Marks, R. B. 1976 Operationalizing the Concept of Store Image. Journal of Retailing 52:37-46.
61. Martin, L. 1989 The Important Published Literature of British Planners. Town Planning Review 60:441-457.
62. Martin, L., E. Higgs, and P. Filion 1988 Literature of Planners. Plan Canada 28(1):17-29.
63. Milgram, S. 1977 The Individual in a Social World. Reading: Addison-Wesley. Milgram, S., J. Greenwald, S. Kessler, W. McKenna, and J. Waters
64. 1972 A Psychological Map of New York City. American Scientist 60:194-200.
65. Moore, G., and R. G. Golledge, eds. 1976 Environmental Knowing: Theories, Research and Methods. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.
66. Moscardo, G. M., and P. L. Pearce 1986 Historic Theme Parks: An Australian Experience in Authenticity. Annals of Tourism Research 13:467-480.
67. Moscardo, G. M., P. L. Pearce, C. Lang, A. Morrison, and T. F. O'Leary 1994 Connecting Travel Motivation to destination Choice. Manuscript under review. Townsville: James Cook University, Department of Tourism.
68. Murphy, P. 1985 Tourism: A Community Approach. New York: Methuen.
69. Neisser, U. 1967 Cognitive Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. New South Wales Tourism Commission
70. 1990 NSW Tourism Development Strategy: A Plan for the Future. Sydney: NSW Tourism Commission.
71. 1991 Planning for Tourism and Major Tourism Developments. Sydney: NSW Tourism Commission.
72. Pearce, P. L. 1977 Mental Souvenirs: A Study of Tourists and Their City Maps. Australian Journal of Psychology 29:203-210.
73. 1981 Route Maps: A Study of Travellers' Perceptions of a Section of Countryside. Journal of Environmental Psychology 1:141-155.
74. 1988 The Ulysses Factor, New York: Springer-Verlag.
75. 1991 Locating Tourism Studies in the Landscape of Knowledge. In New Horizons in Tourism and Hospitality Education, Training and Research: Conference Proceedings, R. D. Bratton, F. M. Go, and J. R. B. Ritchie, eds., pp. 297-302. Calgary: World Tourism Education and Research Centre, The University of Calgary.
76. 1993 Defining Tourism as a Specialism: A Justification and Implications. Téoros International 1(1): 25-32.
77. Pearce, P. L., and N. L. Black 1984 Dimensions of National Park Maps: A Psychological Evaluation.Cartography 13:189-203.
78. 1994 Finding the Way: A Preliminary Analysis and Hypothesis to Understand Tourist Maps. Manuscript under review. Townsville: James Cook University, Department of Tourism.
79. Pearce, P. L., G. M. Moscardo, B. Nitsch, J. Phelps, and M. Cassolin 1994 Mutual Perceptions of Australia and Italy: A Cognitive Mapping Approach. Unpublished manuscript. Townsville: James Cook University, Department of Tourism.
80. Piaget, J., and B. Inhelder 1967 The Child's Conception of Space. New York: Norton.
81. Pigram, J. J. 1990 Sustainable Tourism: Policy Considerations. Journal of Tourism Studies 1(2):2-9.
82. Pineas, T., and P. Allen 1992 Queensland's Wet Tropics World Heritage Area: Mapping the Scenic Quality. Landscape Australia 14(3): 241-246.
83. Proshansky, H. M., W. Ittleson, and L. G. Riulin, eds. 1970 Environmental Psychology: Man and His Physical Setting. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
84. Ritchie, J. R. B. 1993 Educating the Tourism Educators: Guidelines for Policy and Program Development. Téoros International 1(1): 9-24.
85. Rosenow, J., and G. Pulsipher 1978 Tourism: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Lincoln: Media Productions.
86. Skinner, B. F. 1953 Science and Human Behaviour. New York: Macmillan.
87. Smith, S. 1983 Recreation Geography. London: Longman.
88. Southworth, M. 1989 Theory and Practice of Contemporary Urban Design. Town Planning Review 60:369-402.
89. Southworth, M., and S. Southworth 1973 Environmental Quality in Cities and Regions: A Review of Analysis and Management of Environmental Quality in the United States. Town Planning Review 44:231-253.
90. Stabler, M. 1988 Tourism Images of Languedoc. In Marketing in the Tourism Industry, B. Goodall and G. Ashworth, eds., pp. 133-161. London: Groom Helm.
91. Tolman, E. C. 1948 Cognitive Maps in Rats and Men. Psychological Review 55:189-208.
92. Um, S., and J. L. Crompton 1990 Attitude Determinants in Tourism Destination Choice. Annals of Tourism Research 17:432-448.
93. Walmsley, D. J., and J. Jenkins 1991 Mental Maps, Locus of Control and Activity: A Study of Business Tourists in Coffs Harbour. Journal of Tourism Studies 2:36-42.
94. 1992 Cognitive Distance: A Neglected Issue in Travel Behaviour. Journal of Travel Research 31:24-29.
95. WATC 1989 Tourist Destination and Resort Planning. Perth: WA Tourism Commission.
96. Weiler, B., ed. 1991 Ecotourism and the Global Classroom. Canberra: Bureau of Tourism Research.
97. Winchell, D. 1991 Planning for Small Town Revitalization. Small Towns 21(4):4-11.
98. Winkel, G., R. Olsen, F. Wheeler, and M. Cohen 1976 The Museum Visitor and Orientation Media: An Experimental Comparison of Different Approaches in the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum of History and Technology. New York: City University of New York, Center for Environment and Behavior.
99. Wurman, S. 1989 Information Anxiety. New York: Doubleday.